河南省部分名校高三上学期8月开学考巩固卷英语含答案

2021~2022学年高三8月开学考英语考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两局部。总分值150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内工程填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本试卷命题范围：高考范围。第一局部听力(共两节，总分值30分)，总分值7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inatheatre.B.Inalibrary.C.Inahospital.2.Whatisthewomangoingtobuy?A.Abooksoncars.B.Abookonships.C.Abookonplanes.3.Whatkindofmusicdoesthemanlike?A.Classicalmusic.B.Folkmusic.C.Popmusic.4.Whydoesn'tthewomanbuythecoat?A.Itisn'thersize.B.Itisexpensive.C.Shedoesn'tlikethecolor.5.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Cooksomefood.B.Dophysicalexercise.C.Arrangehishousework.第二节(共15小题，每题1.5分，总分值22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，答复第6至8题。6.WhathappenedtoHudson'smother?A.Shehadaheartproblem.B.Shehadaquarrelwithherson.C.Shewasill，butthenfeltmuchbetter.7.WhatkindofpersonisMr.Hudsonaccordingtothedialogue?A.Acarelessperson.B.Averygoodworker.C.Apersonwhooftengetsangry.8.WhichmaybethereasonwhyMr.Hudsonissosad?A.Hismanagerwantstofirehim.B.Hissonhasbroughthimsometrouble.C.Hecan'tgetonwellwithhiscolleagues.听第7段材料，答复第9至11题。9.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutsmallshops?A.Theyusuallyofferfresherfood.B.Thefoodpriceisusuallymuchlower.C.Theserviceisusuallydisappointing.10.Whatismostprobablytheman?A.Amanagerofasupermarket.B.Asalesmaninasmallshop.C.Acustomerofadepartmentstore.11.Whatmightthewomanthinkofsupermarketstaff?A.They'reverynice.B.They'relessfriendly.C.They'rewellpaid.听第8段材料，答复第12至14题。12.Whyisitdifficultforthewomantoloseweight?A.Sheoftensleepstoomuch.B.Shehasnotimeforexercise.C.Shedoesn'tworkoutproperly.13.WhoisMichael?A.Kate'schild.B.John'sworkmate.C.Julia'shusband.14.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Changeherpresentjob.B.Eatlessanddomoreexercise.C.Spendmoretimedoingherjob.听第9段材料，答复第15至17题。15.WheredoesMikework?A.Inagrocery.B.Inanartschool.C.Inalanguageschool.16.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoforachange?A.Learntodraw.B.Learntodance.C.Learntoplaymusic.17.WhatisthemostdifficultintermsoflearningArabic?A.Pronunciation.B.Grammar.C.Idioms.听第10段材料，答复第18至20题。18.Whatkindofclothesdoesthespeaker'ssisterlike?A.Cheapclothes.B.Ordinaryclothes.C.Clothesofnewdesign.19.Whatdothetwinsistershaveincommon?A.Theyenjoyfriendship.B.Theypreferloudmusic.C.Theywanttohavetheirchildren.20.Whydoesn'tthespeakerlikelivinginthesameroomwithhertwinsister?A.Hersisteriseasytogetangry.B.Hersistercan'tkeepthingsneat.C.Theycan'tagreeonthecoloroftheroom.第二局部阅读理解(共两节，总分值40分)第一节(共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分)阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMywifeandIhavebeentoMontereymanytimeswithourtwokids,butwesawthiscostalcitywithafreshviewpointwhenwejoinedmyparentsontheirfirstvisittoCalifornia'sCentralCoast.TheCOSTTwonightsatMontereyTidescost$710;lunchandacoupleofroundsofbeersatDustBowlBrewingCo.were$90;andentryto17-MileDrivewas$10.50pervehicle.THEBEDWehavestayedatMontereyTidesseveraltimes.ItsdirectbeachaccesstoMontereyBayhaskeptuscomingback.Welovefallingasleeptothesoundofwavescrashing.Myparentshadaroomwithaking-sizebed,andmyfamily'sroomwithtwoqueen-sizebedswasrightnextdoor.Thehoteloffersfacilitiesincludingbeach-sideyogaonSaturdaymornings.Wesawagroupofpeoplestretchintotheirposesaswechasedourkids.Maybenexttime.THEMEALI'vebeenafanofDustBowlBrewingCo.foryears.TheTurlock,California-basedbrewery(啤酒厂),openeditsMontereyTapDepotthisyearinaformertrainstationnearFisherman'sWharf(码头).Alongwithabarinside,there'sanoutdoorseatingarea.WeateatastylunchandIchoseoneofmyfavouritebeers,HopsofWrath,anIndianpalebeerthatremindsyouofJohnSteinbeck'sclassicalnovelTheGrapesofWrath.THEFINDCanneryRow,anotherSteinbeck'snovel,takesplaceinMontereyduringtheGreatDepression.ThecurrentCanneryRowislinedwithrestaurants,hotels,shopsandtheworld-famousMontereyBayAquarium.OnourtripinearlyOctober,webypassed(绕过)CanneryRowtoexplorethecoastfromPacificGrovesouthtoAsilomarStateBeach,whichhaseasyaccesstotidepools.THELESSONLEARNEDWhenyou'vebeensomewherecountlesstimes,yousometimestakeitforgranted,butwhenyougowithsomeonewhohasneverbeenthere,youseeitfromanewpointofview.21.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutMontereyTides?A.Sleepinginthequeen-sizebedthere.B.Doingyogatherealongsidethebeach.C.Hearingthesoundoftheseawhenhesleepsthere.D.Readingclassicalnovelstherewhileenjoyingsomebeer.22.WhatcanyoudoinMontereyTapDepot?A.DrinkHopsofWrath.B.Takeatrainsomewhere.C.TalkwithnovelistJohnSteinbeck.D.GofishingnearFisherman'sWharf.23.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.CanneryRowallowseasyaccesstotidepools.B.Theauthor'schildrensleptonaking-sizebed.C.TheauthorwenttoMontereyforthefirsttime.D.TheGrapesofWrathandCanneryRowwerewrittenbyJohnSteinbeck.BAfteratourofdutyinAfghanistan,BenjaminBlumebegantoattendSamHoustonStateUniversity,USAbuthefelttherewassomethingmissing.ThatallchangedwhenBlumeattendedastudyprogramabroad.WiththehelpofthestaffattheOfficeofInternationalProgramsandtheVeteransResourceCenter(退伍老兵资源中心),hewasabletotakesevenstudytripsabroad,visiting19countriesinjustthreeyears.Blume'sfirststopwasLeipzig,GermanyforaGermanlanguageprograminthesummerof2021.Laterthatsummer,BlumevisitedAustraliaaspartofthestarsandgalaxy(星系)course."Therewasamajoreclipse(日食)inAustraliathatsummeranditwasanamazingthingtosee,"Blumesaid."WealsovisitedWyomingafterleavingAustraliaforthesamecoursetoseethesky."Inthefallof2021,Blumetookoffagain,thistimevisitingBern,Switzerlandforabusinesscourse.Blumereturnedforthe2021springtermbeforehisnextadventurethatsummerinTokyoforamonth-longeconomicstrip."TokyowasquitetheexperienceandlikenothingIhadseenbefore,"Blumesaid."IhadneverexperiencedsomuchcultureandhistoryasIdidthere."BlumewentfromTokyobacktoGermany,thistimevisitingAachenforaneconomicsprogram.AfterreturningtotheU.S.andstayingforamonth,BlumetravelledtoDubaiintheUnitedArabEmiratesforathree-weekmarketingprogram.Finally,BlumetookhisseventhandlaststudyabroadtriptoAuckland,NewZealand."NewZealandwasprobablymyfavoriteplacetovisitbecausethelandscapeissodiverse,"Blumeadded."Onedaywehikedaglacier,whichIhadneverdone.IalsogottoseewhereTheHabbitfilmsweremade."24.WhichcountriesdidBenjaminBlumevisitinthesummerof2021?A.GermanyandAustralia.B.GermanyandSwitzerland.C.NewZealandandAustralia.D.NewZealandandSwitzerland.25.WhatdidBlumedoinAuckland,NewZealand?A.Hesawamajoreclipse.B.Hehikedseveralglaciers.C.Heattendedalanguageprogram.D.HevisitedwhereTheHabbitfilmsweremade.26.Whatistherighttimeorderforthefollowingevents?a.BlumevisitedAachenforaneconomicstrip.b.BlumevisitedTokyoforamonth-longeconomicstrip.c.BlumevisitedBern,Switzerlandforabusinesscourse.d.BlumevisitedDubaiforathree-weekmarketingprogram.e.BlumevisitedAustraliaaspartofthestarsandgalaxycourse.A.e-a-c-d-bB.e-c-b-a-dC.c-b-e-a-dD.c-d-a-c-e27.WhydidBlumereturntoAmericainthespringof2021?A.Foraninterview.B.Forhisadventure.C.Forhisstudy.D.Foraparty.CTheWallofWindistheworld'slargestwindsimulator(模拟器),animpressiveinstallationcapableofgenerating(使形成)windsofupto157milesperhour(70meterspersecond).Inordertobetterprotectagainstthedevastatingforceofhurricanes,youfirsthavetostudythemandtestvariousmaterialsagainstthepowerfulwindstheygenerate.Withthisideainmind,engineersattheInternationalHurricaneResearchCenterandCollegeofEngineeringandComputingatFloridaStateUniversityspent15yearsbuildingandperfectingtheWallofWind,animpressiveinstallationcapable(有能力的)ofgeneratinghurricane-forcewinds.Itallstartedin2005,withtwopowerfulwindturbinesthatwereabletogeneratewindsofupto53meterspersecond(m/s),butastheneedtosimulatemorepowerfulaircurrentsincreased,sodidthepoweroftheWallofWind.Today,theinstallationconsistsofatotalof12giantfanscapableofgeneratingwindsofupto70m/s.Forreference,astudyshowedthattreesstarttobreakatwindspeedsof42m/s,regardlessofage,strengthorflexibility.AccordingtotheFloridaStateUniversityWebsite,"TheWallofWindfacilitycantestfull-sizedstructuressuchassite-builtormanufacturedhousingandsmallcommercialstructures."Thankstoawater-injectionsystem,theWallofWindiscapableofsimulatingwind-drivenrain.Itallowsengineerstoteststructuresandmaterialsagainstbothwindandraindamagecausedbyhurricanes.Italsogivesengineersabetterunderstandingofhowvariousdesignsandmaterialshandlepowerfulhurricanes.Inthebeginning,theMiami-basedWallofWindwascapableofgeneratinghurricanesofcategories1to4,butthecurrentinstallationisreportedcapableofsimulatinghurricaneslikeKatrinaandAndrew,whichrankascategory5accordingtotheSaffir-SimpsonHurricaneScale.28.WhatcanbeknownabouttheWallofWind?A.Itcangeneratewindsofupto42m/s.B.ItwasbuiltinFloridaStateUniversity.C.Itcanprotectagainsttheforceofhurricane.D.Itisawindsimulatorthatcanteststructures.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.TheWallofWindconsistsof8turbines.B.Treesstarttobreakatwindspeedsof53m/s.C.Twowindturbinescangeneratewindsofupto70m/s.D.TheWallofWindhasthecapabilitytobreakatree.30.WhyhastheWallofWindsbeeninstalled?A.Toprotectpeoplefromhurricanesandreduceourlosses.B.Tostudyhurricanesandtestvariousmaterialsagainstpowerfulwinds.C.Togeneratefasterandmoredestructivewindsthanhurricanes.D.Todesignstructuresandmaterialsagainstbothwindandraindamage.31.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Atechnologyreport.B.Abookreview.C.Anadvertisement.D.Asciencefictionnovel.DTOKYO-Japanese'PrimeMinisterYoshihideSugatoldthemediaonMondayifanyplaceshostingeventsoftheTokyoOlympicsandParalympicsdeclareastateofemergencyduetotheCOVID-19epidemicduringthegames,theeventswillcontinuetobeheldbutwithoutspectators(观众).WithonemonthtogobeforethegamesareduetobeginonJuly23,Sugaisagainshowinghisadministration'sdeterminationtoholdtheOlympicGamesasplanned,despitesomuchpressurefromvariouspartiesurgingittocanceltheevent.AlthoughtheJapanesegovernmentregardstheTokyoOlympicsasanimportantopportunitytoimproveitssoftpower,theJapanesepeople'senthusiasmfortheGameshasbeencontinuouslydented(挫伤)sincetheywerepostponedlastyear.Theresurgence(再猖獗)ofthenovelcoronavirusinsomeplacesinJapaninrecentmonthshascastashadowoverpeople'sconfidencethattheOlympicswillnotgiverisetonewgroupsofinfections,andtherearefearsthattheGameswillprovidenewchannelsforthevirus'globaltransmission.SometorchbearersfromJapanhavewithdrawnfromtheOlympictorchrelayinthecountry.Andthelatestsurveyindicatesonly34percentofJapanesepeoplesupportholdingthegamesaccordingtotheschedule.Predictably,theSugaadministrationwilldoallitcantotrytoensurethegamesgoahead.ButitremainstobeseenwhetheritcanstandthetestsoftheuncertaintiesrelatedtoepidemicpreventionandcontrolthatmighthappenduringtheGames.Sinceithasnotyetgotthevirusundercontrolathome,thepeoplehavereasonstoquestionitsabilitytodealwiththepreventionandcontrolworkwhenlargenumbersofparticipantswillarriveinJapanfromaroundtheworldinashorttime.ItistobehopedthatJapancandrawlessonsfromtheorganizationofepidemicpreventionandcontrolworkduringtheongoingUEFAEuropeanChampionship,carryoutstrictepidemicpreventionandcontrolmeasures,andbepreparedforemergenciestoguaranteethesafetyandsuccessoftheOlympicsatthisspecialtime.ItshouldbeacommonwishofthewholeworldthattheTokyoOlympicscanbecomeastageshowingunityandresolveofhumanbeingsintheirfightagainstthevirus.Thatwillendowthegameswithspecialmeaningbeyondsports.32.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thevirus'globaltransmission.B.People'sworryabouttheinfections.C.Theresurgenceofthenovelcoronavirus.D.ThebenefitofholdingtheTokyoOlympics.33.Howdo34%ofJapanesepeoplelikeholdingthegamesaccordingtotheschedule?A.Uncertain.B.Negative.C.Approving.D.Indifferent.34.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"endow"inthelastparagraph?A.Compare.B.Start.C.Provide.D.Charge.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthenewsreport?A.JapantoensureOlympicsgoaheadB.OlympicsbigtestforJapanesegovernmentC.Japanesepeople'senthusiasmforOlympicsD.Japan'sstrictepidemicpreventionduringOlympics第二节(共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Afteranytragedy,therearealwaysstoriesofselflesspeopleriskingtheirlivestosaveothers.Fromevolutionary(进化)aspects,thiskindofthingsseemstomakenosense.Afterall,thesurvivalandreproductionofanindividual'sgenesshouldbethefirstchoice.36Sowhydosomanypeopledoit?Psychologistscallthissortofselflessaction"extremealtruism(利他主义)".Unlikemostpeople,extremealtruistsranktheneedsoftotalstrangersequallytothoseoftheirownfamiliesandfriends.AsUSwriterLarissaMacFarquharexplains,"37Nooneismoreorlesshumanthananyoneelse."AccordingtoastudyinPLOSONEbyDavidRandandZivEpsteinofYaleUniversity,makingthisdecisiontosavesomeoneelse'slifeinanemergencyistypicallyaninstantdecision.38Thestudyaskswhethersuchactionsmightberelatedtotherightamygdala(杏仁体)inourbrains.Whenlookingatphotosofpeopleshowingfearordistress,somepeopleshowmoreactivityintheirrightamygdala.Thismeansthatsomepeoplearebornwithagreatercapacityforempathy(移情).39However,theresearcherssayit'snottheonlyreasonforheroicactions.AnAmericanwriterCarrieBecknerclaimsthatwealsopossessan"innerhero".40Weallcanchoosetobepeopleofaction,ifonlywecanfindthatlittleheroinsideofourselves.A.Onewantsthebestforone'sself.B.Noteveryoneneedsaninnerheroinhisheart.C.Theyunderstandothers'emotionsmoredeeply.D.Volunteersarenotmotivatedbyself-interest,butbyaltruism.E.Inotherwords,thelife-saverssaidtheydidn'tthink-theyjustacted.F.Foranextremealtruist,anAfricanchildcansufferasmuchasmymother-orme.G.Ifstirredtoaction,thatinnerheroiscapableofperformingtremendousgoodnessforothers.第三局部语言知识运用(共两节，总分值45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每题1.5分，总分值30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Year2021haswitnessedthenation'sbattlewiththenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(肺炎).Topreventthe41fromspreadingfurther,peoplefromalloverChinahavebeenmakingchangestotheireverydaylives.Mostpeopletaketheir42,wearmasks,washtheirhandsoftenanddon'tgoout43it'snecessary.Oneofthemost44changeswasthatmanyChinesepeopledidn't45tocelebratetheSpringFestival,atraditionthat46over4,000yearsago.Indeed,peoplehave47chosentostayhometopreventfurtherhuman-to-humanspread.Thesituationisquiteunusual.Manyschoolsandplacesofworkhave48theirreturndate,althoughthatdidn'tstop49andstudentsfromworkingandstudyingathome.February17wasplannedtobethefirstdayofthenewterm.Onthatday,manyteachersbegan50onlinelessons.Boredathome,somepeoplebegantolearnnewthingsto51theirnewfoundtime,suchasbakingacakeorknittingasweater.ThefilmContagion(2021)showedtheworst-casescenario(可能的情况)afteraworldwideepidemic.Fortunately,thesituationinChinacouldn'tbemore52thanthemovie.Ratherthan53andfoodstorage,everythinghasworkedoutratherwellinChinasofar.Morethan30,000healthcareworkersinover100medicalteamsgatheredandthousandsof54workerscametobuildhospitalsinWuhan,Hubeiprovince.Thousandsofvolunteersareworkingnonstoptohelpdeliversuppliesand55theaffectedregions.It'snotthefirsttimepeoplehavecometogetherduringanatural56.WhenHurricaneKatrinahittheUSin2005,over60,000people,fromboththeaffectedcommunitiesandoutsideit,57.Thesehelpersbroughtfoodandwater,removedwasteandsearchedfor58victimsonrooftops."It'sapopularmyth(谬见)thatwhendisastersstrike,peoplefallinto59.Inreality,we'remorelikelytorushintohelpothersthanrunpastthemto60ourselves,"wroteAmericanpsychologistKellyCaldwellinPacificStandard."It'sanexerciseinmasshealing(集体治疗)."41.A.storyB.errorC.diseaseD.worry42.A.temperaturesB.parcelsC.adventuresD.supplies43.A.unlessB.thoughC.whileD.since44.A.wonderfulB.painfulC.stressfulD.cheerful45.A.gettogetherB.takeactionC.settledownD.turnup46.A.looksdownuponB.keepsawayfromC.makesupforD.datesbackto47.A.patientlyB.consciouslyC.unwillinglyD.strangely48.A.confirmedB.discussedC.reservedD.delayed49.A.employeesB.officialsC.researchersD.designers50.A.understandingB.reformingC.givingD.following51.A.countB.fillC.wasteD.abandon52.A.valuableB.terribleC.differentD.complex53.A.toleranceB.generosityC.curiosityD.violence54.A.repairB.constructionC.cleaningD.garden55.A.controlB.seekC.assistD.visit56.A.disasterB.balanceC.phenomenonD.barrier57.A.escapedB.struggledC.complainedD.volunteered58.A.fireB.floodC.earthquakeD.pollution59.A.panicB.doubtC.responsibilityD.thought60.A.freeB.improveC.saveD.know第二节(共10小题；每题1.5分，总分值15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinesecuisineiswidelyknownandenjoyedallaroundtheworld.Whodoesn'tlongforafavoriteChinesedish?Butthereisoneinterestingconcept61(concern)ChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecoming62(increasing)ignoredbytheyouthoftheEast-theancientcustomof"tonic(滋补的)food".63isknowntous,tonicfoodisfoodthatis