适用于老高考旧教材广西专版2023届高考英语二轮总复习第一部分语篇型语法填空和短文改错题型解读 思维导图课件

第一部分语篇型语法填空和短文改错英语内容索引题型解读•策略指导思维导图•核心概览题型解读•策略指导一、语篇型语法填空[考情分析]该题型要求在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。[命题规律]一、语篇型语法填空题强调语法基础知识,考查考生从宏观上理解语篇和分析句子结构的能力以及从微观上熟练运用语法知识和单词的能力。其具体特征为:1.短文题材:题材多样,或体现文化内涵、文化交往,或给人以启迪等。2.短文长度:约200词,设10个空。3.短文难度:难度适中,没有过于难的生词。4.试题类型:语篇型语法填空。5.考点设置:考点类型分为两大类——有提示词和无提示词。无提示词的题目通常考查冠词、介词、代词等;有提示词的题目考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、词性转换等。二、备考时应该注重英语语法在语境中的实际应用,尽量避免将语法同语境割裂开来;同时关注近年来的高考真题,全面了解其对语法项目考查的范围和热点。下面以2020~2022年高考英语试题中的全国卷语法填空题为例,归纳出考查的热点。2020~2022高考全国卷语法考点汇总

考点甲卷乙卷甲卷乙卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷2022202220212021202020202020名词1112111冠词1111010代词0101100介词1111121形容词2121111副词0000111动词(词组)0000000连词0111001动词的时态和语态1120312非谓语动词3323132定语从句1000101[真题诠释]A(2022·全国甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep

61

(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,

62

losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation

63

(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.

64

friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.

tojourneywhoheldACaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental

65

(protect).Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore

66

(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.

Inthelastfiveyears,Cao

67

(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s

68

(high)mountain.

Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers

69

Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,

70

(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.

protectionmeaningfulhaswalkedhighest

fromplanning【考点分析】

题号考点具体分析61非谓语动词所填的词做后置定语修饰名词step,所以用动词不定式62定语从句先行词是人,关系词在非限制性从句中做主语63非谓语动词hold与theBeltandRoadForum...存在逻辑上的动宾关系,用动词-ed形式做定语64冠词泛指“一个”朋友65名词environmental为形容词,后接名词66形容词make+宾语+宾语补足语,此处用形容词做宾语补足语67动词的时态和语态Inthelastfiveyears与现在完成时连用68形容词根据“Africa’s”可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山69介词(短语)from...to...固定短语70非谓语动词动词-ing形式做伴随状语B(2021·全国甲卷)TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.It

41

(build)originallytoprotectthecity

42

theTangDynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).Itispossible

43

(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.

WeaccessedthewallthroughtheSouthGate.Thewallis12metershighandfromhereyoucanseestreamsofpeoplemovinginsideandoutsidetheCityWall.wasbuiltintowalkAfter

44

(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatis

45

(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!

We

46

(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshaky

47

didthejob.Ittookusabout3hourstogoall

48

wayaroundtheXi’anCityWall.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

49

(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir

50

(day)routines.

spending

better

hiredbut

thewatchtowersdaily【考点分析】

题号考点具体分析41动词的时态和语态主语It跟谓语动词build之间为被动关系42介词在“某个朝代”用介词in43非谓语动词it做形式主语,不定式做真正的主语44非谓语动词介词after后接动词-ing形式做宾语45形容词由than暗示用比较级46动词的时态和语态叙述过去的经历用一般过去时47连词前后语义为转折关系48冠词alltheway“一直;一路上”49名词根据gates暗示,用复数形式50形容词后面是名词,应用形容词修饰C(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Decorating

with

Plants,Fruits

and

Flowers

for

Chinese

New

YearChineseNewYearisa

61

(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers

62

(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth

63

(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

celebrationcarries

coming

Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.

66

(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated

67health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy

68

(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore

64

decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes

65

(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

thandecoratedCertainlywithtocareBranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The

69

(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare

70

firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.

beautifulthe【考点分析】

题号考点具体分析61名词动词转换为名词62动词的时态和语态动词-ing形式做主语,谓语动词用单数63非谓语动词动词-ing形式做定语64介词morethan表示“不仅仅”65非谓语动词过去分词做宾语补足语66副词副词做状语,修饰整个句子67介词beassociatedwith“与……有联系”68非谓语动词动词不定式做修饰性状语69形容词名词转换为形容词70冠词序数词前面用定冠词表示顺序[解题策略]1.分析语篇,理清语篇结构,明确段落之间的联系,弄清语句之间的逻辑关系。并列连词、副词(特别是做评注性状语的副词)、代词及状语从句等的考查都注重语境之间的逻辑关系。2.分析句子结构,弄清句子成分及词性的对应关系,明确各成分之间的联系。非谓语动词、动词的时态和语态、形容词和副词的功能及转换、定语从句和名词性从句等都有赖于对句子成分的分析。另外,一些固定句型也要特别注意。3.句子的意群和句子成分是基本对应的,而意群的基本构成单位是短语或固定搭配。因此,把句子分解到意群,再进一步探究意群的构成,有助于解决冠词、介词等问题。4.合理的解题步骤:(1)语篇掌控为先:通读全文、了解大意、弄清文章结构。篇章层面的理解主要包括文章主旨要义,作者观点、意图,句与句之间的关系以及时态变换等几个方面。(2)句子分析为主:理解句意、分析结构、找出成分、注意联系。分析句子结构是答题过程中非常关键的一步。做题时,首先确定句子的各个成分,还要注意各成分之间的联系。此时,要借助上下文的暗示或明示,确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能。(3)充分利用提示:有括号提示的空格可视作已知条件,要充分利用。先着手填入有括号提示的空格,注意时态、语态和名词的单复数。所剩的空格越少,文章的大意越清晰,语法填空的难度也就相对降低。(4)注意短语和句型:对于一些固定短语和句型一定要熟记,这对于正确解题帮助很大。(5)勿忘复核检查:填空完成后要重读全篇,仔细核查全文语法是否正确,语意是否通顺,逻辑是否合理等。同时要注意检查单词拼写是否正确,书写是否规范,大小写有无错误等细节。[答题技巧]形式一

有提示词类

有提示词类(一)提供动词类当设空处提供的词是动词原形时,设空处一般考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词或词性转换。其解题思路为:分析句子结构,确定该动词是否在句中做谓语。1.做谓语(1)确定时态:根据全文主体时态和上下文语境确定时态。练习1(2020·浙江卷)Newmethods

(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.

meant解析:考查动词的时态。根据句子后半部分的worked判断,应该用一般过

去时。练习2(2022·山东枣庄二模)Lireadilyagreedand

(keep)hisword.

kept解析:考查动词的时态。根据agreed

and可知,此处为并列谓语,动词用过去式形式,与agreed并列。故填kept。(2)确定语态:根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系确定语态。练习3(2020·广东广州第一中学高三4月教学质量监测)Theresultisthatwearekillingourfuture,becausesomanyspecies

(kill)insuchashorttimethateventhefittestcan’tsurvive.

arekilled解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的are

killing和下文中的can’t

survive判断,描述的是一种当前的情况,且species与kill之间存在被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。(3)确定单复数:根据主语单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。练习4(2019·江苏卷改编)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers

(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.

hasgiven解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。along

with连接两个并列的名词做主语时,根据前面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数形式。The

musician为名词单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;又因为该句时间状语是in

the

last

three

months,需与现在完成时连用,故填has

given。2.做非谓语(1)确定非谓语动词的形式①做目的状语一般用动词不定式形式②做keep,finish,enjoy,practise等的宾语或介词的宾语时,须用动词-ing形式③做refuse,decide等动词的宾语时,须用动词不定式形式④做定语,表示主动、进行用动词-ing形式;表示被动、完成用动词-ed形式;表示将来用动词不定式形式⑤做结果状语,表示自然而然的结果用动词-ing形式;表示出乎意料的结果用动词不定式形式⑥动词不定式可做原因状语,表示引起某种情绪的原因练习1(2021·浙江卷)Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover

(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.

练习2(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice

(improve)waterquality.

toplant解析:考查非谓语动词。动词不定式to

plant

flowers用作目的状语。

toimprove解析:考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式做目的状语,故填to

improve。句意:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而非水稻,目的是改善水质。练习3(2022·广西南宁高三一模)OneisaboutYutheGreat,afamousrulerwhohasbeenrespectedfor

(lead)thefightagainstdisastersandunitingthenineregions.

练习4(2022·山东枣庄二模)IntheearlyWesternHanDynasty,ageneral

(name)JiBuwasknownforbeingcourageousandhonest.

leading解析:考查非谓语动词。介词for之后跟动词-ing形式。故填leading。

named解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:西汉初期,有个将军叫季布,因其勇敢诚实而闻名。分析句子可知,句子已有谓语动词was

known,name应用非谓语动词形式,且与主语之间为被动关系,应用动词-ed形式表被动,此处表示“被叫作”。故填named。练习5(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans

(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.

练习6(2019·江苏卷改编)China’simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries

(recognise)itsroleininternationalaffairs.

toretire解析:考查非谓语动词。plan后面用动词不定式做定语,表示动作尚未发生。

recognising解析:考查非谓语动词。在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,根据宾语和宾语补足语的关系确定其后非谓语动词的形式,主动关系用动词-ing形式,被动关系用动词-ed形式,表示尚未发生的动作用动词不定式形式。more

countries与recognise之间为主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式表示主动含义。练习7(2022·广西高三9月摸底考试)Accordingtoasurvey

(make)5yearsago,490,000peopleusedbicycleseveryday.

made解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:根据五年前做的一项调查,每天有49万人骑自行车。make与survey之间是动宾关系,要用动词-ed形式表被动含义。故填made。(2)判断该非谓语动词是否用在固定结构中。①It’snousedoing...②Itisworthdoing...③Itis+adj./n.+todo...④Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.⑤Sb./Sth.+be+adj.+todo...⑥Therebe+n.+动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式/动词不定式形式……⑦Sb./Sth.seems/appears+todo...⑧leave+宾语+宾语补足语(动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式)⑨see(感官动词)+宾语+宾语补足语(动词原形/动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式)练习8(2020·浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,

(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.

making解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,make

use

of和逻辑主语they之间是主动关系,而且本句不缺谓语,故用动词-ing形式做状语。故填making。(二)词性转换类词性转换类多以派生词变化为主。如:形容词与副词间的相互转换;形容词与名词间的相互转换;动词与名词间的相互转换。其解题步骤为:第一步:确定句子成分分析句子结构,确定所填单词在句子中所做的成分。第二步:确定所填单词的词性(1)在句子中做定语、表语或补语——用形容词练习1(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal

(globe)fertilizerconsumption.

global解析:考查形容词。此处fertilizer

consumption

是名词词组,其前面需要用形容词修饰,故填globe的形容词形式。练习2(2022·广西南宁高三一模)TheotherisaboutKingWuoftheWesternZhouDynasty,whoestablisheda

(center)governmentthatfocusedonpeople’slifeandthecountry’sprosperity(繁荣).

central解析:考查形容词。空格处需要形容词修饰名词government。故填central。

(2)修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子本身——用副词练习3(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Itwill

(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!

练习4(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Atasteformeatis

(actual)behindthechange...

undoubtedly解析:考查副词。修饰后面的动词help应用副词形式。

actually解析:考查副词。修饰动词is,故用副词形式。

练习5(2022·山东枣庄二模)Suchavirtueofhonestyearnedhimagoodreputation,andtherewasasaying

(wide)spread.

widely解析:考查副词。句意:这种诚实的美德为他赢得了良好的声誉,有一句谚语广为流传。由句意可知,此处修饰动词spread,应用副词修饰动词,故填widely。(3)做主语或宾语,在冠词、形容词性物主代词、介词或名词所有格后——用名词练习6(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyoufeelarealsenseof

(achieve).

achievement解析:考查名词。of为介词,后面用名词形式。

(三)形式转换类形式转换类多为名词单数转变为复数,形容词、副词转换为比较级或最高级形式。其解题步骤为:第一步:理解句意,找到与所填词相关的核心词汇,判断前后逻辑关系。第二步:分析句子结构,确定单词的正确形式。①谓语动词为复数或句意上为复数——用名词的复数形式②有than时——用形容词、副词的比较级形式;有ever或ofalltime等提示语时——用最高级练习1(2022·广西南宁高三一模)Manyofthesurvivingchaptersofthebookarefromtheoral

(account)ofFuSheng.

练习2(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the

(hot)thespring!

accounts解析:考查名词。句意:这本书现存的许多章节都出自伏生的口述。oral为形容词,其后应为名词。account在此处是名词,意为“描述;叙述”。用复数表示泛指。故填accounts。hotter解析:考查形容词的比较级。the

more...,the

more...为固定句式,意为“越……,就越……”。形式二

无提示词类无提示词类首先,分析句子结构确定填哪类词;然后,根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。解题时要注意以下五大原则:原则一:缺少主语或宾语,一定要填代词。1.缺主语如果在谓语动词前设空,答案应首先考虑代词。所填代词主要考虑以下三种情况:(1)人称代词:做主语的人称代词he,she,they,it,I,you,we,此时要根据前文,确定所指代的内容。(2)关系代词:在定语从句中做主语的关系代词that,which,who,as。(3)名词性从句连接词:what,which,who,whichever,whatever,whoever。练习1(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)

issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.

练习2(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters

hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.

What解析:考查名词性从句连接词。what引导主语从句并在从句中做主语。

who/that解析:考查关系代词。masters后面的定语从句中缺少主语,又因先行词masters指人,故用关系代词who或that引导。2.缺宾语如果空格前为及物动词、及物动词短语或者介词,要考虑代词,主要有以下三类:(1)人称代词:做宾格的人称代词him,her,them,it以及反身代词myself,themselves等。(2)关系代词:在定语从句中做宾语的关系代词that,which,whom,who等。(3)名词性从句连接词:what,who,which,whomever,whichever等。练习3(2019·北京卷)Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto

thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.

练习4(2022·山东枣庄二模)Legendhas

thatwheneverJimadeapromise,hewouldsparenoefforttofulfillit.

myself解析:考查反身代词。该句主语为I,故其后需用反身代词做宾语。

it解析:考查代词。分析句子可知,空处应用it做形式宾语,代替that引导的从句,即真正宾语,故填it。原则二:名词、代词、动词-ing形式前设空,可以考虑填限定词或介词。1.限定词如果在名词前设空,答案应首先考虑限定词。因为根据英语的习惯,名词前一般需要限定词。限定词包括冠词(a,an,the)、物主代词(my,your,his,her,our,their,its)、指示代词(this,that,these,those)、关系词(whose,which,who,whom,that,as)、疑问词、不定代词(no,some,any,each,every,either,neither,several,many)等。练习1(2022·广西南宁高三一模)Nevertheless,itwasnot

easytaskforTianQinxin,theartdirectoroftheshow.

练习2(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover

past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.

an解析:考查冠词。此处表达一项不容易的任务,easy为元音音素开头,需要使用不定冠词an。故填an。the解析:考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处特指“过去的25年”,故应用定冠词the表示特指。练习3(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis

musttovisit!

a解析:考查冠词。该处must用作名词,意为“必须做的事”。

2.介词名词或代词前面是空格,而该名词或代词在句中不做主语、表语,也不做动词的宾语时,很可能是填介词。此时要特别关注其与空前动词等构成的固定搭配。练习4(2022·广西南宁高三一模)IfitwerenotforaTVshow,FuSheng,ascholarwholivedduringthe3rdand2ndcenturiesBCE,mayhaveremainedunfamiliar

themoderngeneration.

to解析:考查介词。此处的搭配为be

unfamiliar

to

sb.“对某人来说是陌生的,不熟悉的”。故填to。练习5(2019·北京卷)Firstcelebrated

1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions.

in解析:考查介词。在年份前用介词in。

原则三:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。主要的连词有表示并列关系的and、表示转折关系的but和表示选择关系的or等。练习1(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventure

offersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyourachinglegs.

and解析:考查连词。highlights

和offers

为并列谓语动词,故填and。

练习2(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)IworknotbecauseIhaveto,

becauseIwantto.

but解析:考查连词。not...but...为固定搭配,意为“不是……而是……”。

原则四:若两句之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,通常填以下词:连接并列句的连词and,but,or,yet,so等;引导状语从句的从属连词when,while,until,as,because,since,if,unless等;引导名词性从句的连接词what,which,who,that,where,when等;以及引导定语从句的关系词who,which,that等。练习1(2020·江苏常州高三一模)

theenvironmentalimpactsoflargerplasticsarewelldocumented,verylittleisunderstoodaboutthedangersassociatedwithmicroplastics.

While/Though/Although解析:考查从属连词。根据句子前后的逻辑判断,主从句之间是让步关系,故用While/Though/Although(虽然,尽管)引导让步状语从句。练习2(2020·山西一模)Tosumup,digitaltechnologywilldefinitelycontinuetochangeourlives,andoneofthosechangeswillbe

wewon’tneedtoownsomuchstuff.

练习3(2022·广西南宁高三一模)However,

thisscholarcarefullyprotected,duringwarsandsocialchanges,isShangshu,oneofthe“fiveclassics”ofConfucianism(儒家).

that解析:考查名词性从句连接词。分析句子结构可知,will

be之后的句子为表语从句。连接词在从句中不做成分,且表示陈述语气,故用that。what解析:考查名词性从句连接词。句意:然而,这位学者在战争和社会变迁中精心保护的是儒家“五经”之一的《尚书》。空格处连接主语从句,在从句中做宾语,指事物用what。故填what。原则五:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是动词与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词(can,may,must,should,will等)或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did)。如果是一般疑问句则要考虑填助动词(be,do,does,did,have,has,had)。练习1(2019·江苏卷改编)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe

havehadagoodtimetogether.

would/could/might解析:考查情态动词。根据What

a

pity!和You

missed

the

sightseeing可以判断,or后面的句子是一种假设的情况,要用虚拟语气。由missed可知,该句表示与过去情况相反的假设,所在句谓语动词用would/could/might

have

done的形式(or相当于if

you

hadn’t

missed

the

sightseeing)。练习2(2022·天津南开一模改编)Therewasnosignofabreak-in,sothethieves

havehadsomeoneinsidehelpingthem.

must解析:考查情态动词。根据上文的There

was

no

sign

of

a

break-in判断,应填must表示十分肯定的判断,意为“一定”。[迁移训练]A(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourismiscommonlyregardedaslowimpact(影响)traveltoundisturbedplaces.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome1.

(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe2.

(develop)ofthelocalareas.

educateddevelopment

Ecotourismhas3.

(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept4.

thelate1980s.Duringthattime,increasingenvironmentalawarenessmadeitdesirable.

Dueto5.

growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes6.

tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:

•Minimizetheimpactof7.

(visit)theplace.

its

untiltheofvisiting•Buildrespectforandawarenessoftheenvironmentandculturalpractices.•Provide8.

(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.

•Makesurethatthetourismprovidespositiveexperiencesforboththevisitorsandthehosts.KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.9.

(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim10.

(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.

financial

ActivitiestohaveB(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartist1.

paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)done,sohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir2.

(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Theartistwassurehewould3.

(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver—perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.

whosefinest

bechosenFilledwith4.

(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.5.

heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledand6.

(point)downtheriver.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout7.

(find)thewell-knownpainter.Asthesmallboatmoved8.

(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Hepassedmilkywhitewaterfallsandmountainsinmanyshadesofblue.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds

9.

(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartist10.

earth,MotherNature.

curiosityWhen/AspointedtofindgentlysurroundingonC(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence1.

theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen2.

(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.

thatpoorlyModernmethods3.

trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive4.

(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut

5.

(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa6.

(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby7.

(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare8.

(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of9.

nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six10.

(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.

of/fortoperformhavereportedbeliefnotinghigher

theareDAdamBraunestablishedtheorganizationPencilsofPromisein2008.Itsgoalis1.

(make)sureallchildrenhaveachanceforeducation.

Itallstartedwhenhewasacollegestudent.AdamBraunwasvisitingIndiawhen2.

girlstoppedhimonthestreetandaskedformoney.Heaskedherwhatshedesired3.

(much)ofallintheworld.Astonishingly,heranswerwas“apencil”.

Thegirlhadneverbeentoschoolbefore,andthatwasthe4.(real)______

for57millionchildrenaroundtheworld.

tomakeamostreality

Aftergraduation,AdamBraunneverforgotthegirlandtheproblemof

5.

(her).“Weliveinaworldinwhicheverysinglechildcanhaveaccess6.

qualityeducation.SoIwasdeterminedtocreateschoolsinotherplaces7.

childrenarehungryforeducation.”AdamBraunbegantoraisemoneyforhisprojectthroughsocialmedia.

“Weareworkinghardtomakesurethattheprogramsarenotjustbeautifulphotosandvideosofchildren,butthatwe’re8.

(actual)seeingamazingresultsintheclassroom.That’swhyour9.

(kid)inPencilsofPromiseschoolsprogressfastfromonegradetothenext,”Braunsaid.

Sincethen,it10.

(help)morethan22,000childreninAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.

herstowhere

actuallykidshashelped[考情分析]高考英语命题的指导思想是有利于中学素质教育的推进,有利于高校选拔人才,训练学生的语言综合运用能力。帮助学生掌握实际语言知识的命题原则是:保证知识覆盖面,尽可能增加综合性和语境化的因素。而在语言运用方面,要求语言必须放在实际的并尽可能不同的情景中运用;语言必须适合具体的交际行为,而高考考查的焦点在于能否达到交际目的。语言交际行为除了以语言能力为主外,还需一些交际能力、沟通能力以及其他能力。以上的命题原则和要求在短文改错题型中均有体现。从近几年的高考试题中,我们可以看到,短文改错的题型结构相对稳定,考查目标明确,几乎涉及了中学英语中全部的基础知识。二、短文改错短文改错是集多项语法规则和多种语言技能于一体的综合性试题,具有题型小、灵活性大、覆盖面广、综合性强、测试层次多的特点。短文改错试题并不是单纯检测语法知识,而是检测考生在语篇上下文理解中,运用语言知识去解决实际的语言问题的能力。具体来说,短文改错主要检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力,以考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性。高考英语短文改错的考点涵盖知识的领会、运用、分析、综合等诸多方面,考查目标既涉及语言知识的多个方面(词法、句法、语篇结构、行文逻辑等),又涵盖理解、分析、运用和整体思维等诸方面的能力。在这个层面上,该题型和语法填空题异曲同工。[命题规律]短文改错的文章内容浅显,词数为100左右,多采用记叙文文体,偶尔也有说明文和应用文。下面将纵向分析近几年的高考真题,以便找出考查要点,得出解题规律。2020~2022高考全国卷短文改错考点分布

考点甲卷乙卷甲卷乙卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷2022202220212021202020202020冠词0000101名词0111111动词的时态和语态1211011非谓语动词2110201代词1121111考点甲卷乙卷甲卷乙卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷2022202220212021202020202020形容词/副词1122122介词0111010连词1111111数词0000000复合句2100121情态动词0000100主谓一致1110001动词词组1003110[真题诠释]A(2022·全国甲卷)MyfatheroftentookmetohishospitalwhenIwasoffmyschool.Heshowedmehowhismedicalinstrumentswasused.Ifeltsocloselytohim.However,afterIwenttohighschool,somehowIbecomedistantfromhim.Iwasunwillingtalkwithhimandoftendisobeyedhisruleofnotstayoutwithmyfriendstoolate.ThedisagreementwastoosharpthatneitherhenorIknewwhattosettleit.Oneday,hetalkedwithmeorhopedtomendourrelations.Withtheeffortsmadebyallsides,webegantounderstandeachotherbetter.第一句:删除my第二句:was→were第三句:closely→close第四句:become→became第五句:unwilling后面加to第五句:stay→staying第六句:too→so第六句:what→how第七句:or→and第八句:all→both【考点分析】

句子顺序考点具体分析第一句动词词组beoffschool“不上学”第二句主谓一致从句主语instruments为复数形式第三句形容词felt为系动词,用形容词做表语第四句动词的时态和语态该文描述的是过去的经历第五句非谓语动词beunwillingtodosth.第五句非谓语动词of为介词,后接动词-ing形式做宾语第六句固定句型so...that...为固定句型第六句连接副词howtodosth.“如何来做某事”第七句连词talked和hoped为并列关系第八句代词“两者都”用bothB(2021·全国乙卷)Ilovedoinghousework.Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.Ialsowatertheflowersintheyardandtidyingupmyownbedroomwhatevernecessary.Inmyopinion,studentscanbenefitalotdoingsomehousework.Firstly,doinghouseworkwashelpfulforustobearesponsibleperson.Also,itgivesourparentsmoretimetodowhattheyarelikeanditimprovesthefamilyrelationship.What’smost,doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.That’sourviewonhousework.Andhopesthiscaninspiremorethinkingonthetopic!第二句:dish→dishes第三句:tidying→tidy;whatever→whenever第四句:在doing前加from第五句:was→is第六句:去掉are第七句:most→more;mentally→mental第八句:our→my第九句:hopes→hope【考点分析】

句子顺序考点具体分析第二句名词dothedishes“洗碗”第三句动词(词组)water和tidy为并列谓语动词第三句连词whenever“无论何时”第四句介词benefitfrom...“受益于”第五句动词的时态和语态指一种客观情况用一般现在时第六句动词(词组)系动词和实义动词不能叠用第七句形容词what’smore“而且”第七句形容词形容词修饰名词第八句代词此处指作者的个人观点第九句动词(词组)该句为祈使句,谓语用动词原形[解题策略]1.短文改错的解答一般可遵循如下步骤:(1)通读全文,理解语篇大意:掌握短文大意和上下文逻辑关系,检查全文语意是否连贯,起承转合是否符合文意,语句间的逻辑关系是否合理等。(2)解读句子,分析语法或词汇错误:综合运用所学语言知识,根据各句不同的错误情况分别答题(即改词、加词或删词)。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子,不到句号不要停顿,这样才能发现其中的错误。(3)注意解题顺序:先分析语篇,注意上下文的联系;再分析句子,注意句子成分与联系;再分析意群或短语,看看固定搭配方面是否存在问题。(4)改后回读,纠正失误:做完短文改错题后将答案放回原文,再重读全文,其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑、语句不通畅、不符合英语习惯的问题。改后复读,往往会发现不曾发现的问题或做出的误改。复读过程中,凡遇到不通顺或不连贯之处,需进行细致的分析和推敲。此外,还要注意正确的书写及符号的运用。2.重点关注:(1)关注该题所涉及的一致性问题:主要包括主谓一致,时态、语态一致,代词指代一致,名词的数与格的一致,句式结构与语意一致,行文关系的一致等。(2)关注词性问题:了解主要词类的语法作用及其在句中的经常性位置。如:名词在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语;动词做谓语;形容词充当表语、定语和宾语补足语;副词则充当状语,修饰形容词、动词乃至句子。(3)关注固定搭配