一轮学案选修8unit2Cloning

□twinn．&adj.□identicaladj.□commercialadj.□straightforwardadj.□complicatedadj.□proceduren.□carriern.□castvt.□arbitraryadj.□faten.□impactn.□mediumn．(pl.media)□moraladj.□conservativeadj.□constitutionn.□compulsoryadj.□operan.□chorusn.□loafn.□flourn.□nonsensen.□popularityn.□initialadj.□vainadj.□merelyadv.□feathern.□fairlyadv.□adorevt.□hatchvt.&vi.□reasonableadj.1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)WhenIarrived,Isawa2­to3­week­oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.临时庇护处；简易的窝2．(2017·天津卷)Thiscombinationofhealingmyselfandhealingtheworldstruckmeastheperfectsolution.让人觉得3．(江苏卷)Peoplenotonlycaston­linevotesthemselves,butalsourgeotherstovoteforcompetitions. 投票[单词拼写·运用]核心单词语境运用1．exactadj.精确的；准确的2．undertakevt.着手；从事；承担3．breakthroughn．突破4．altogetheradv.总共；完全地5．obtainvt.获得；赢得6．forbidvt.禁止；不准7．owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……8．shortlyadv.立刻；不久9．bothervt.打扰vi.操心n．烦扰10．strikevt.&vi.打；撞击；罢工n．罢工11．drawbackn．缺点；不利条件12．unableadj.不能的；不会的用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Itstruck(strike)methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreatmomentforallthegirlsonourteam.2．Althoughwe'vebeendelightedtohaveyouasneighbours,we'rehopingtosettlesomethingthatbothers(bother)us.3．Nowadays,energycanbeobtained(obtain)throughvarioussourcessuchasoil,coal,naturalgas,solarheat,thewindandoceantides.4．Ourschoolisanon­smokingschool.Sosmokingisforbidden(forbid)here.5．Butjustasacoinhastwosides,theInternethasitsowndrawbacks(drawback)whichshouldnotbeneglected.派生单词语境运用1．differvi.不同；相异→differentadj.不同的→differencen．差异；不同2．correctadj.正确的v．改正→correctionn．改正；纠正；修正3．objectvi.反对；不赞成→objectionn．不赞成；反对；异议4．accumulatevt.&vi.积累；聚积→accumulationn．积累；增加5．retirevi.退休；离开→retirementn．退休；引退6．assumevt.假定；设想→assumptionn．假定；设想7．regulatevt.调节；管理→regulationn．规则；规章；法规8．popularadj.流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的→popularityn．受人喜爱；流行9．resistvt.抵抗；对抗→resistancen．抵抗；对抗→resistantadj.有抵抗力的；抵制的10．decoratev．装饰；装修→decorationn．装饰用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Thepurposeofeducationismorethanjustaccumulationofknowledge;italsomeansaccumulatingintelligenceaswellasabilities.(accumulate)2．BritishEnglishisdifferentfromAmericanEnglish.Theydifferinmanyminoraspects,suchasspellingandpronunciation.AllEnglishspeakersunderstandeachother,butitishelpfultoknowsomeofthedifferences．(differ)3．Greydecidedtomovetothecountryside.Hismothermadenoobjectiontoitwhilehisfatherobjectedtoit.(object)4．Don'tassumethatyouareaprincessandstoplivinginassumptionsanymore.(assume)5．Nowadaysfewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofowningsmartphones.Manypeopletryingtoberesistanttothemfinallygiveuptheirresistance．(resist)6．Heretiredfromthepostasamanager.Afterhisretirement,hesettleddowninaremotevillage.(retire)[短语理解·运用]高频短语语境运用1．payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2．castdown使失望；使沮丧3．objectto反对；不赞成4．infavourof赞成；支持5．oone'sheart使……刻骨铭心6．fromtimetotime不时；偶尔7．bringbacktolife使复生；使复活8．invain白费力气；枉费心机9．ingood/poorcondition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)填入一个适当的词。WeiNingseemedtobecast①downbecausehismotherobjected②tohisplantobeavolunteer.Wordcamethatavillagewasdestroyedbyaterribleflood.Manypeoplewerekilledormissing,whichstrucksadness③intoWei'sheart.Hewantedtooffersomehelp.Thereasonwhyhismotherdidn'tagreewasthathehadbeen④inpoorconditionafteraterribledisease.Hisfatherwasinfavour⑤ofhisplanbuthiseffortstomakethemotherchangehermindwere⑥invain.WeiNingstucktohisplanandhisdeterminationfinallypaid⑦off.Hismothergaveinandsheherselfdecidedtokeephimcompanytothevillage.[句式辨识·运用]教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1．a.完全倒装b．that引导同位语从句ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.然后传来了令人兴奋的消息，我们队赢得了比赛。Thencametheexcitingnewsthatourteamwonthegame.2．Theadvantageisthat...“其优点是……”，that引导表语从句Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie，butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.骑自行车上班的优点是我们可以过一种低碳生活。Theadvantageofcyclingtoworkisthatwecanlivealow­carbonlife.1．objectvi.反对；不赞成n．物体；目标[高考原句·2020·浙江卷]Ilearnedalotabouthowtoextendthelifeofobjectsandtransformthemintosomethingnewanduseful.(1)objecttosb./sth.反对/不赞成某人/某事objecttodoingsth.反对做某事(2)objectionn．反对；厌恶objectiveadj.客观的；真实的n．目标；目的ashiningobject发光的物体anobjectofstudy研究对象objecttotheplan反对那项计划achieveone'sobject达成目标anobjectiveassessment客观的评价[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Amajorityofstudentsobjectedtobeingarranged(arrange)forextralessonsduringholidaysandweekends.②Thevillagersraisedanobjection(object)tobuildingachemicalplantbesidetheriver.③Itisnecessarytoholdanobjective(object)attitudetowardsreligionbelief.[链接写作]——一句多译就我个人而言，我反对他在会议上提出的建议。①Inmyview,Iobjecttothesuggestionsheputforwardatthemeeting.(object)②AsfarasI'mconcerned,Ihave/makeanobjectiontothesuggestionsheputforwardatthemeeting.(objection)2．forbidvt.(forbade/forbad；forbidden)禁止；不准forbid(doing)sth.禁止(做)某事forbidsb.todosth.＝forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事forbidsb.sth.禁止某人某事forbidhimwine不准他喝酒forbidsmokingduringofficehours禁止在办公时间抽烟theForbiddenCity紫禁城[基础练习]——单句语法填空①InsomeMiddleEasterncountries,exposingyourfleshisforbidden(forbid),especiallyifyouareawoman.②AsfarasIcanremember,theyusedtoforbidparking(park)carsandbikesinthisplace.③Alcoholactsonthebrain,sodriversareforbiddentodrink(drink)itbeforedriving.[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级①(普通表达)Wewereforbiddentogoout(禁止外出)atnight，sowehadtostayathomeaimlessly.②(高级表达)Forbiddentogooutatnight，wehadtostayathomeaimlessly.(过去分词短语作状语)3．owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢(1)owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb.欠某人某物owesth.to把……归功于；为……而感谢oweittosb.that...多亏了某人……(2)owingto因为；由于oweher1dollars/owe1dollarstoher欠她1美金oweusanexplanation应当给我们一个解释owehimanapology得向他道歉owemysuccesstomyparents成功归功于我父母[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Ioweagreatdealtomyteacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpme.②Owing(owe)tothebadweather,theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.③IowedittothedoctorsthatIsurvivedsuchasevereaccident.[链接写作]——词汇升级/句式升级多亏她帮忙，我们才成功启动了引擎。(普通表达)Becauseofherassistance,wesucceededinstartingtheengine.①(高级表达)Owingtoherassistance,wesucceededinstartingtheengine.②(高级表达)Itwasowingtoherassistancethatwesucceededinstartingtheengine.(强调句型)[名师点津]如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在后面。4．bothervt.打扰vi.操心n．[U]烦扰；[C]令人烦恼的事或人[高考原句·2020·江苏卷]Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.(1)bothertodo/doingsth.费心做某事bothersb.with/aboutsth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人Itbothers/botheredsb.that/todosth.使某人苦恼的是(2)havebother(in)doingsth.做某事费力botheryourselfabout/withsmallthings为琐事烦恼botherherwithmyproblems让她为我的事操心bothertogotoseeher特地去看她[基础练习]——单句语法填空①SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudentstotalkoverwhatisbothering(bother)them.②Don'tbothergetting/toget(get)dinnerformetoday.I'lleatout.③Idon'twanttobotheryouabout/withmyproblem.Iamdoingquitewell.[链接写作]——句式升级(普通表达)AlthoughIhavebeenworkinghard,Ican'tkeepupwithothersandthisbothersmegreatly.①(高级表达)AlthoughIhavebeenworkinghard，itbothersmegreatlythatIcan'tkeepupwithothers.(it作形式主语)②(高级表达)AlthoughIhavebeenworkinghard,whatbothersmegreatlyisthatIcan'tkeepupwithothers.(what引导主语从句)5．strikevt.&vi.(struck，struck)打；罢工；敲；撞击；击打；侵袭；给……以印象；擦；突然想起n．罢工；打击(1)sth.strikessb.某人突然想出……Itstrikessb.that/todo...某人想到……(2)bestruckby...被……打动；迷恋……(3)strikesb.in/on＋the＋身体部位打某人某部位(4)beon/goonstrike在/举行罢工[基础练习]——写出下列句中strike的词性和含义①Shewaspracticingsurfingwhenasharkstruck.v.袭击②Struckbyyourtalentintheroboticcompetition,I'dliketoinviteyoutojoinus.v.打动；给……以印象③IheardtheclockstrikingeightwhenIwokeupthismorning.v.(钟)敲④IwasjustabouttopaythetaxidriverwhenitstruckmethatIhadleftmywalletontheairplane.v.想起⑤Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddown.n.罢工[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级我被他鼓舞人心的话所打动，并决定努力提高英语。①(普通表达)Iwasstruckbyhisinspiringwords,andIdecidedtomakeeffortstoimprovemyEnglish.②(高级表达)Struckbyhisinspiringwords,IdecidedtomakeeffortstoimprovemyEnglish.(过去分词短语作状语)6．payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清[高考原句·2019·全国卷Ⅰ]TheenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbuttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff.payforsth.付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价paysb.forsth.因某事物给某人报酬payback偿还(欠款)；报复；回报payavisitto拜访payoffhisdebtsintwoyears在两年内还清了债务[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Willyoulendme$10?Iwillpayitbacknextmonth.②Oncewehavepaidoffthedebts,wewillowemoneytonobody.③I'dalsoliketoknowhowmuchIhavetopayforthecourseandwhetheraccommodationisincluded.④WillyoupleasepayanothervisittoTianjinsothatwemaymeetagain?[链接写作]——完成句子令他高兴的是：这些年以后他终于还清了所有的债。Whatmadehimhappywasthatafteralltheseyearsheatlastpaidoffallhisdebts．7．ingood/poorcondition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)(1)outofcondition健康状况不佳/条件状况欠佳(2)onconditionthat如果；在……条件下；倘若onnocondition决不(3)under...conditions在……条件下working/living/studyingconditions工作/生活/学习环境[基础练习]——单句语法填空①WhatIwantyoutorealizeisthateverybodyislikelytobeinpoorcondition.②Onnoconditionshouldyouloseheartwhenyouareintrouble.③Astheeconomydevelops,thelivingconditions(condition)oftheChinesepeoplehavebeenimprovedaccordingly.[链接写作]——词汇升级(普通表达)Theyagreedtolendusthecarifwereturneditbeforetheweekend.(高级表达)Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.[名师点津]condition表示“(工作或生活)环境”时，通常要用复数形式；而表示“状况”时，为不可数名词，表示“条件”时，则为可数名词。8．[教材佳句P15]Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie，butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其优点是如果发生一种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。[句法句式]Theadvantageisthat...“其优点是……”，that在此处引导表语从句。常见的类似句式：Thedisadvantageof...isthat...……的不足是……Thestrengthof...isthat...……的优势是……Theproblemof...isthat...……的问题是……Thechancesarethat...有可能……Thedrawbackof...isthat...……的缺点是……[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Theproblemoftheuseofcarsisthatitbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.②Thechancesarethathewillrecoverinaweekifhereceivestimelytreatment.[链接写作]——完成句子①微笑的优势在于它不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。Theadvantage/strengthofsmilingisthatitcannotonlymakeushappy,butalsopleaseothers.②这种解决方案的缺点是许多人不再像以前那样感到方便了。Thedrawback/disadvantageofthissolutionisthatmanypeoplewouldn'tfeelsoconvenientastheyusedto.夯基固本——基础强化Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。1．Wehadalotofbothergetting(get)totherailwaystationbecauseoftheheavyrainthedaybeforeyesterday.2．—Whydidyouquityourjob?—Itwasgoodintermsofitsworkingconditions(condition),butthesalarywastoolow.3．Thestudentsareforbidden,unlesstheyhavespecialpasses,tostay(stay)outafter11p．m.4．LiuLeiinsistedthathemerelydidwhateverybodywouldhavedoneandstronglyobjectedtobeingcalled(call)ahero.5．Greatlystruck(strike)bythebeautyofthelanguage,IthoughthowShakespeare'swritingremainspowerfulandtrueeventoday.Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1．Ilikefishing.OneoftheadvantagesisthatIcantakeinfreshairintheopenair.2．Theathlete'syearsofhardtrainingpaidoffwhenshefinallywontheOlympicgoldmedal.3．IoweittoyouthatIhavegainedanumberofskillsandknowledgewhichwillbenefitmealotinthefuture.4．Thereareseriousobjectionstokillingdogsforfood,becausetheyarefriendstohumans.5．WomenwereforbiddenfromtakingpartinorevenwatchingtheancientOlympicGames.查缺补漏——知识拾遗Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。1．ThenewclothesinthatshoparesobeautifulthatAnnacannotresisttaking(take)acloselookatthem,althoughshecannotaffordthematpresent.2．Theprojectundertaken(undertake)bytheyoungengineeronhisownturnedouttobeverysuccessful.3．Keeponworkinghardlikethis,andyourresearchisboundtoobtain(obtain)greatsuccess.4．Nooneknowsexactly(exact)howtheearthformedasitexistedsolongago.5．Wehadourfurnituremovedtothenewhousewhenthedecoration(decorate)ofthehousewasfinished.Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1．Alleffortswillbeinvainifwecan'tlearnEnglishbypractisingrepeatedly.2．Inancienttimes,peoplebelievedthattheycouldbebroughtbacktolifeafterdeath.3．Thegoodnewsthatwehavemadeabreakthroughinspaceexplorationcheersusup.4．Thereisnodoubtthatcellphoneshaveanegativeimpactonourlives.5．Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatlyinsizeandshape.强技提能——语言应用Ⅰ.语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。Themediaareconstantlyexposingfoodsafetyproblems.Researchers,1．based(base)onthedataattained,havemadeaconservativeassumption2．that70%ofthefoodconsumersarevictimsofharmfulfood.Therearesomepeople3．whocan'tresistthetemptationofbecoming4．wealthy(wealth).Theyundertakeillegalactivitiesmerely5．toobtain(obtain)commercialbenefits,without6．bothering(bother)tocareaboutotherpeople'ssafety.Ithinkcompulsory7．regulations(regulation)onfoodsafetymustbemadeandfoodproductionproceduresmustbe8．strictly(strict)monitored.Weshouldobject9．toanyarbitrarychangeoftheregulationsandforbidanyonetoaccumulatewealthin10．animmoralway.Ⅱ.书面表达Step1．要点提示(黑体字部分要使用本单元所学词汇)①我们对是否发展克隆技术进行了热烈的讨论。人与人的观点分歧很大。Therehasbee