2023年中考英语阅读理解题解题策略课件

阅读考查题型及解题方法：主旨大意细节理解猜测词义推理判断知识梳理一、主旨大意题考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。主旨题的题干表现形式有以下几类：知识梳理1.MainIdea选项形式为陈述句。要求考生选择表达作者思想、观点的句子。1.Whatisthemainidea/pointofthispassage？2.Themainideaofthisarticleis______.3.Thispassageismainlyabout______.4.Thetextmainlytalksabout_________________.2.MainTopic选项形式为名词或名词词组。要求考生指出文章的Topic（论题）或Subject（主题），或Title（标题）等。典型问题形式：1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage？2.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?3.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_____.4.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageshouldbe________.

5.Thepassagecanbeentitled_________.3.Purpose类型选项形式多为动宾结构。要求考生找到主要的写作目的。典型问题形式：Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.

提问方式：

1）问标题

Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage？

Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.知识梳理

提问方式：

2）问中心Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____Thepassageismostlyabout______________知识梳理

提问方式：

3）问目的;态度Theauthorwantstotell____Thepurposeofthisarticleisto____知识梳理容易选错的干扰项:以偏概全夸大主题把观点强加给作者知识梳理解题策略找主题句主题句是归纳文章中心的句子，它的出现有三种情况：1、在开头。主题句在文章开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式。知识梳理解题策略知识梳理文章开头就说明今天的节目是关于音乐的，其后的句子都是围绕介绍音乐的。从音乐的起源，形式，作用到全世界的受人喜爱音乐，进行逐一说明。知识梳理文章最后一句“Infact,thetrueloveisnotbuiltonfriendship,loyaltyorbloodrelationship.Instead,itisbasedonnorelationship.真正的爱不以友谊、忠诚抑或是血缘关系为前提，事实上，真正的爱，是无条件的博爱。”就是在前面故事的基础上的总结与概括，即文章的主旨。2.在结尾。知识梳理3.在中间。通常是文章的开头提出问题，陈述细节，导出主题句，然后再进一步用细节说明支持主题句。如：知识梳理Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.知识梳理二、细节理解题本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。知识梳理解题策略：1）对应性2）准确性3）区分性知识梳理5W1H是非题排序题细节题的类别间接信息题直接信息题同义替换词性变换计算题化繁为简

定位原文如何解答5W1H题？

分析选项寻读法

读题1审题（题干、选项）审题：先理解题意！！！再画关键词对于题干就带有疑问的题目，审题干对于题干没有直接明确内容的题目，重点分别审选项关键词：数词、含有大写字母的人名、地名、专有名词等、动词、名词、与众不同的词（不认识的词、很长的词）目的是为了方便找答案！不一定与最后答案有直接关系。1审题（题干、选项）对于题干就带有疑问的题目，审题干：eg:1．What’sthefirstanimaltotravelinspace?A．Agoldfish. B．Acat. C．Adog. D．Arabbit.2．WhatistheproblemwithSunshine?A．Shelikesmakingfriends.B．Sheistoostrangeandtooannoying.C．Noonewantstomakefriendswithher.1审题（题干、选项）对于题干没有直接明确内容的题目，分别审选项eg：1．Accordingtothispassage,________.A．dolphinscan’tfeelsadB．dolphinscan’tbehumans’goodfriendsC．dolphinsmayhavefeelingsjustlikehumans2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Therearealotofbushesalongtheway.B．Thewriterusuallywenthomeonfoot.C．Thewriter’sfatherwasverybadtohimanddidn’tlovehimatall.D．Thewriter’sschoolisabouttwokilometersfromhome.2定位（找答案范围）在文中确定题目中关键词的位置（边理解文章边找关键词）定位答案的范围（关键词所在句或前后几句）重点是意思要和题目意思匹配，不能只看是否有关键词！忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。3对比原文和答案作答答案不一定是文中原句（或者选项出现文中原句不一定是对的）！要考虑句子意思是否符合题目要求！避免张冠李戴、断章取义等情况~分析选项正确项1.同义替换2.词性变换3.化繁为简干扰项1.内容扩大缩小2.改变时态，未然当已然3.无中生有，主观臆想4.偷换概念，张冠李戴5.文不对题，答非所问随堂练习Q:Dogsstartedtolivewithpeopleabout________yearsago.A．10,000 B．1,000 C．11,000 D．10,100Aboutdogs♦Dogsareourgoodfriends.Theystartedlivingwithmenabout10,000yearsago.♦Laikia,adog,wasthefirstanimalintheworldtotravelinspace.In1957,thedogwassentintospaceinasatellite.............关键词所在句随堂练习Q:Tolivewiththedolphin,Margaretcouldn’t________.A．cutherhairshort B．wearswimmingclothes C．havealifeasshedidinthepastMargaretHowe,anexperiment(试验)helper,wouldlivedayandnightwithPeter,adolphin(海豚).Andtheywouldeat,sleepandplaytogetherfromSundaytoFriday,withonlySaturdaysoffforMargaret.Shelivedherlifeinswimmingclothes—withacoatoncolderevenings—andcutherhairshortsothatshecouldgetonwithPetermoreeasily.关键词后几句排除法随堂练习Q：ThewriterandSam________walkhomeafterschool.A．always B．never C．sometimesAfterschool,ItakeSamtobuyanice-cream.Healwaysgivesmesomeofhisice-cream.Iloveice-cream!Thenwesometimeswalkhometogetherortakethebus.Thepeopleonthebusalwayssmileandtellme,“Goodboy!”随堂练习Q:Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesthesoupstillhotafteralongtime?①thethickchickenoilonthesurfaceofthesoup②thescholar’swiferunsquicklytothescholar③theearthenpotcankeeptheheatin④thescholarheatsthesoupafterhiswifearrivesA．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④Whenshefinallyarrives,sheissurprisedthattheearthenpotisstillhot.Herhusbandissurprised,too.Theyfindtwosecrets(秘密):thereisthickchickenoil(油)onthesurface(表面)ofthesoupandtheearthenpotcankeeptheheatin.Asaresult,thesoupishotanddelicious.结果答案在关键词前几句随堂练习Q:What’stherightorder(顺序)ofthestory?①Liuboughtrice,oilandsomecups.

②Liufoundacoinandgaveittoapoliceman.③Liutookthethingstocleanersandpolicemen.④AlibabaGrouprewardedLiuwith10,000yuan.A．④③②① B．①③②④ C．②④①③ D．③①④②LiuLin,a6-year-oldboyinChengdu,found0.5yuanandgaveittothepolice.Tothesurpriseoftheboyandhisfamily,AlibabaGrouprewarded(奖励)him10,000yuan($1,443)forwhathedid........LiuLinwishedtodosomethingforotherswiththemoneyhegot.Hewenttothesupermarketwithhismother,spendingallthemoneybuyingrice,cookingoil(食用油)andsomecups.OnOctober30,Liuandhisparentstookthericeandcookingoilto30streetcleanersand20cupstothepolicemen.随堂练习Q:Whatdoesthewriterdoafterhisswimminglesson?A．Hehasbreakfast. B．Hegoesbackhome.C．Hegetshisschoolbagready. D．Hegoestoschool.EveryWednesday,Ihaveaswimminglessonbeforetheschoolstarts.Whentheswimminglessonfinishes,it’susually8:20.Theschoolstartsat8:30.In10minutes,Ican’tgobackhometogetmyschoolbagandwalktoschool.......随堂练习Q:Whydoesthewritergotoschoolwithnoschoolbagsometimes?A．Heloses(丢失)it. B．Hedislikesit.C．Heforgetstobringit. D．Hegivesittohisclassmates.Onsomedays,Igetuplate.Ioftenhaveapiece(一块)ofbread,acupofmilkandgototheswimminglesson.SometimesIonlyremembertobringtheswimmingbag.Aftertheswimminglesson,Igotoschoolwithnoschoolbag.Luckily,myclassmatesareallnicetome.Theyarehappytoshare(分享)everythingwithme.........随堂练习Q:Sugargothernamebecauseof________.A．thebumponherleg B．thecolourofherfurC．thecolourofthebump D．thebumponherheadMrandMrsWoodshadacatnamedSugar.Herfurwaswhitelikesugar.Thatwashowshegothername.Thecatwasalovelypet.Shehadabump(肿块)ononeleg,butMrandMrsWoodsthoughtthatSugarwasjustright........随堂练习Q:WhydidDorothy,theLion,theTinWoodmanandtheScarecrowgotothelandofWinkies?A．TheywantedtoseetheGreatOz. B．TheywantedtokilltheWickedWitch.C．TheywantedtohelptheWickedWitch. D．TheywantedtosavetheGreatOz.Finally,Dorothy,theLion,theTinWoodmanandtheScarecrowsawtheGreatOz.ButOzrefusedtohelpthemiftheydidn’tkilltheWickedWitchoftheWestonthelandoftheWinkies.TheyhadtogotothelandoftheWinkies.TheWickedWitchoftheWestwaswatchingthemfromhercastle.Shehadonlyoneeyebutshecouldseeveryfarwithit.Shewasveryangryanddecidedtokillthem.随堂练习Q:HowmanytimesdidtheWickedWitchtrytokillDorothy,theLion,theTinWoodmanandtheScarecrow?A．Once. B．Twice. C．Threetimes. D．Fourtimes.Shetookoutasilverwhistleandblewitonce.Wolvescamefromalldirectionsandwenttofindthem.........TheWickedWitchtookhersilverwhistleagainandblewittwice.Thistimebigcrowswithsharpbeakswenttothem........Thewitchwasfurious.Shetookhersilverwhistleagainandblewitoncemore.Thousandsofblackbeesappeared........随堂练习Q:Whicharementioned(提及)aboutLewisCarroll?a.Hisjobs.

b.Hisage.

c.Hisworks.

d.Hisfamily.A．abd B．acd C．bcd D．abcLewisCarrollLewisCarrollwasbornin1832inasmalltowninthenorth-westofEngland.HisrealnamewasCharlesLutwidgeDodgson.HewasateacherofMathsatChristChurchCollegebuthedidn’tenjoythisjobverymuch.Inhisfreetimehewrotemanyshortstories.Hisbest-knownwork,Alice’sAdventuresinWonderland,waspublished(出版)in1865.ItwassopopularthatCarrollbecamerichandfamous.Laterin1871hepublishedanother‘Alice’bookcalledAliceThroughTheLookingGlass.Henevermovedawayfromthecollege.In1867hewenttoRussiabutthiswastheonly

timehetravelledtoforeigncountries.HediedinJanuary1898.定根据画出的关键词回到文章中定位比比较文章和选项中的哪个说法一致划画出题干的关键词，明确任务读读题干，了解任务做题方法:做题忌讳-脱离文章，单凭印象细节题干扰项特点:1.是原文信息,但不是题目要求的信息2.符合常识,但不是文章内容3.与原文内容极其相似,只是在程度上有些变动4.部分正确，部分错误三、词义猜测题猜词题：英语阅读理解中的一种题型，通常是指根据构词法或者上下文关系推断所给生词含义的题。知识梳理解题策略:阅读中碰到生词时不要着急，耐心地读下去，文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。通过构词法知识分析生词词义通过上下文,同义词，反义词，生活常识等猜测，尤其是本句话以及前后两句话，给生词假设意思，看是否读的通。知识梳理猜词题的出题形式1.Theword“...”inthepassageprobablymeans____.2.Theunderlinedword“...”means____.3.Theunderlinedwordinparagraph3means____.4.Theword“...”refersto____.5.Whatdoestheword“...”mean?6.Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“...”is____.7.Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“...”is____inEnglish.猜词题的解题方法词根词缀法因果关系法转折关系法第一部分词根词缀法二前缀名词后缀：-tion/-ion;-ment;-ship;-ness;-ist;-ity形容词后缀：-y;;-ly;-ous;-ful;-able;-ive;-ic

后缀rect-正；直-tend延伸

pos-放spir-呼吸sect-切割-dict说词根Canyouguesstherightmeaning?复习

消失

在里面预测

教育

疾病科学家

创造力

吵闹的仔细的

危险的

不舒适的小试牛刀1.Hesaid,"Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage,itsohouldbeacceptedbytheworld",butIdisagreewithhim.A.不喜欢B.不接受C.不赞同D.不理解2."Cool"canbeusedtoexpressfeelingsofinterestinalmostanything.

√√第二部分之因果关系法二因果关系词becauseforassinceduetobecauseofnowthatThereasonwhy...isthat+原因表因sothushencethereforeasaresultasaconsequenceleadto+结果resultin+结果表果1.Shewantedthetailortotrimhercoatabitbecause

itwastoolong.

2.ItwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinonedaysincethePalace

Museumisso

immense

.A.largeB.crowdedC.noisyD.good

3.Sheisashrewedwoman

therefore

sheneverlosesinanyquarrelA.精明的B.傻的C.无可挑剔的D.美丽的.小试牛刀√√√第二部分之转折关系法四转折关系词butnotyethoweverwhilewhereasinsteadofunfortunatelyonthecontrary沙场点兵1.Generally,sweetapplesareeatenfreshwhiletartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce(苹果酱)。A.小的B.大的C.坏的D.酸的2.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly3.Ten-year-oldKatewasanactivegirl,buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calm(冷静的）C.protective（有保护欲的）D.energetic√√√根据定义或解释猜测词义技巧1Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.calendar日历Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.herdsman牧人知