北京航空航天大学外国语学院《821英语语言文学》（英语语言文学专业）历年考研真题及详解合集

目录2012年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解2011年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及部分详解2010年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解2009年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解2008年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解2007年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解2006年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题2005年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题2004年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题2003年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题2002年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题附录：2014年北京航空航天大学821英语语言文学考试大纲2012年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解I.Defineandexemplifythefollowingterms(20／150，5×4)1.Symbol2.Tragedy3.Aestheticdistance4.Ambiguity5.ParadoxII.EssayQuestionsandLiteraryAnalysis(30／150，3×10)1.InShakespeare’sHamlet,thetragicheroHamletseemstobedelayinghisrevenge.Why?Pleasegiveyourexplanationsbyin-depthanalysiswithtextualevidences.2.HowdoyouunderstandtheEnlightenmentSpirit?PleaseillustrateyourpointsbyanalyzingatleasttwoliteraryworksfromtheEnglisheighteenthcentury.3.HowdoyouunderstandthenatureoftheAmericanDream?PleaseanalyzethethemeofAmericanDreamasrevealedinliteraryworkswithatleasttwoexamples.Ⅲ.LiteraryTranslation(40／150,2×20)1.TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.2.TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish.人有时非常矛盾。本来活得好好的，各方面的环境都不错，然而当事者却常常心存厌倦。对人类这种因生命的平淡和缺少激情而苦恼的心态，有时是不能用不知足来解释的。我曾对住在森林的一对夫妻羡慕不已，因为森林里有清新的空气，有大片的杉树、竹林，有幽静的林间小道，有鸟语和花香。然而，当这对夫妇知道有人羡慕他们的住所时，却神情诧异。他们认为这儿没有多少值得观光和留恋的景致，远不如城市丰富有趣。IV.LiterarySelectionsandAnalysis(60／150，6×10)1．WHENthesweetshowersofAprilfallandshoot,DownthrowthedroughtofMarchtopiercetheroot,BathingeveryveininliquidpowerFromwhichtherespringstheendangeringoftheflower,

WhenalsoZephyruswithhissweetbreathExhalesanairineverygroveandheathUponthetendershoots,andtheyoungsunHishalf-courseinthesignoftheRamhasrun,AndthesmallfowlaremakingmelodyThatsleepawaythenightwithopeneyeThenpeoplelongtogoonpilgrimages.a.Identifytheauthorandtheworkfromwhichthepassageisselected.b.Whyistheworkregardedasamasterpiece?c.Commentonthelanguagestyleofthewriter.2．Andyetnothinghadchangedsincethemomentswhenhehadbeenkissingher:orrather,nothinginthesubstanceofthings.Buttheessenceofthingshadchanged.…Theseandotherofhiswordswerenothingbuttheperfunctorybabbleofthesurfacewhilethedepthsremainedparalyzed.Heturnedaway,andbentoverachair.[She]followedhimtothemiddleoftheroomwherehewas,andstoodtherestaringathimwitheyesthatdidnotweep.Presentlyshesliddownuponherkneesbesidehisfoot,andfromthispositionshecrouchedinaheap.

‘Inthenameofourlove,forgiveme!’shewhisperedwithadrymouth.‘Ihaveforgivenyouforthesame!’And,ashedidnotanswer,shesaidagain—Forgivemeasyouareforgiven!Iforgiveyou,Angel.‘‘You—yes,youdo.‘Butyoudonotforgiveme?’‘O[…],forgivenessdoesnotapplytothecase!Youwereoneperson:nowyouareanother.MyGod—howcanforgivenessmeetsuchagrotesque—prestidigitationasthat!’Hepaused,contemplatingthisdefinition:thensuddenlybrokeintohorriblelaughter—asunnaturalandghastlyasalaughinhell.‘Don’t—don’t!Itkillsmequite,that!’sheshrieked.‘Ohavemercyuponme—havemercy!’Hedidnotanswer:and,sicklywhite,shejumpedup.a.Identifytheauthorandtheworkfromwhichthepassageisselected.b.Analyzethesignificanceofthebook’ssubtitle.c.Analyzethepersonalityoftheheroineandhero.3．Shebecameawareofsomethingabouther.Withaneffortsherousedherselftoseewhatitwasthatpenetratedherconsciousness.Thetallwhite

lilieswerereelinginthemoonlight,andtheairwaschargedwiththeirperfume,aswithapresence.Mrs.Morelgaspedslightlyinfear.Shetouchedthebig,pallidflowersontheirpetals,thenshivered.Theyseemedtobestretchinginthemoonlight.Sheputherhandintoonewhitebin:thegoldscarcelyshowedonherfingersbymoonlight.Shebentdowntolookatthebinfulofyellowpollen：butitonlyappeareddusky.Thenshedrankadeepdraughtofthescent.Italmostmadeherdizzy.Mrs.Morelleanedonthegardengate,lookingout,andshelostherselfawhile.Shedidnotknowwhatshethought.Exceptforaslightfeelingofsickness,andherconsciousnessinthechild,herselfmeltedoutlikescentintotheshiny,paleair.Afteratimethechild,too,meltedwithherinthemixing-potofmoonlight,andsherestedwiththehillsandliliesandhouses,allswumtogetherinakindofswoon.a.Identifytheauthorandtheworkfromwhichthepassageisselected.b.Definetheauthor’srealismwiththeanalysisoftheabovetext.c.Whatisthemeofhiswork?Alsoexplaintheauthor’sunderstandingofsexuality.4．Thefoundersofanewcolony,whateverUtopiaofhumanvirtueandhappinesstheymightoriginallyproject,haveinvariablyrecogniseditamongtheirearliestpracticalnecessitiestoallotaportionofthevirginsoilasacemetery,andanotherportionasthesiteofaprison.Inaccordancewiththisrule,itmaysafelybeassumedthattheforefathersofBostonhadbuiltthefirst

prison-housesomewhereinthevicinityofCornhill,almostasseasonablyastheymarkedoutthefirstburial-ground,onIsaacJohnson’slot,androundabouthisgrave,whichsubsequentlybecamethenucleusofallthecongregatedsepulchresintheoldchurchyardofKing’sChapel.Certainitisthat,somefifteenortwentyyearsafterthesettlementofthetown,thewoodenjailwasalreadymarkedwithweather-stainsandotherindicationsofage,whichgaveayetdarkeraspecttoitsbeetle-browedandgloomyfront.Therustontheponderousiron-workofitsoakendoorlookedmoreantiquethananythingelseintheNewWorld.Likeallthatpertainstocrime,itseemednevertohaveknownayouthfulera.Beforethisuglyedifice,andbetweenitandthewheel-trackofthestreet,wasagrass-plot,muchovergrownwithburdock,pig-weed,apple-peru,andsuchunsightlyvegetation,whichevidentlyfoundsomethingcongenialinthesoilthathadsoearlybornetheblackflowerofcivilisedsociety,aprison.But,ononesideoftheportal,androotedalmostatthethreshold,wasawildrose-bush,covered,inthismonthofJune,withitsdelicategems,whichmightbeimaginedtooffertheirfragranceandfragilebeautytotheprisonerashewentin,andtothecondemnedcriminalashecameforthtohisdoom,intokenthatthedeepheartofNaturecouldpityandbekindtohim.Thisrose-bush,byastrangechance,hasbeenkeptaliveinhistory:butwhetherithadmerelysurvivedoutofthesternoldwilderness,solongafterthefallofthegiganticpinesandoaksthatoriginallyovershadowedit-orwhether,asthereisfairauthorityforbelieving,ithadsprungupunderthefootstepsofthesaintedAnnHutchinson,assheenteredtheprison-door—weshallnottakeuponustodetermine.Findingitsodirectlyonthethresholdofournarrative,whichisnowabouttoissuefromthatinauspiciousportal,we

couldhardlydootherwisethanpluckoneofitsflowers,andpresentittothereader.Itmayserve,letushope,tosymbolisesomesweetmoralblossom,thatmaybefoundalongthetrack,orrelievethedarkeningcloseofataleofhumanfrailtyandsorrow.……Butthepointwhichdrewalleyes,and,asitwere,transfiguredthewearer,—sothatbothmenandwomen,whohadbeenfamiliarlyacquaintedwithHesterPrynne,werenowimpressedasiftheybeheldherforthefirsttime,—wasthatscarletletter,sofantasticallyembroideredandilluminateduponherbosom.Ithadtheeffectofaspell,takingheroutoftheordinaryrelationswithhumanity,andinclosingherinaspherebyherself.a.Identifytheauthoroftheworkfromwhichthepassageisselected.b.Whatisthestructureofthestory?c.Whatarethesymbolicmeaningsoftheletterbornebytheheroine?d.Whatarethesymbolicmeaningsofthefourmajorprotagonists?e.Commentontheselectedpassages.5．Therewas,ofcourse,acatch.“Catch-22?”inquiredYossarian.

“Ofcourse,”ColonelKornansweredpleasantly,afterhehadchasedthemightyM.P.soutwithaninsouciantflickofhishandandaslightlycontemptuous—mostrelaxed,asalways,whenhecouldbemostcynical.HisrimlesssquareeyeglassesglintedwithslyamusementashegazedatYossarian.“Afterall,wecan’tsimplysendyouhomeforrefusingtoflymoremissionsandkeeptherestofthemenhere,canwe?Thatwouldhardlybefairtothem.”a.Identifytheauthorfromwhichthepassageisselected.b.Whatistheabsurdruleorregulationinthenovel?c.Whatwritingtechniqueisthenovelfamousfor?6.TheApparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd:Petalsonawet,blackbough.a.Identifytheauthorandtheworkfromwhichthepassageisselected.b.Whatliteraryschooldoesthepoetbelongto?Pleasegiveadefinitionofthatschool.c.Pleaseanalyzethepoem.参考答案及解析I.Defineandexemplifythefollowingterms

1.Asymbolisanobjectthatrepresents,standsfor,orsuggestsanidea,visualimage,belief,action,ormaterialentity.Symbolstaketheformofwords,sounds,gestures,orvisualimagesandareusedtoconveyideasandbeliefs.Forexample,aredoctagonmaybeasymbolfor“STOP”.Onamap,apictureofatentmightrepresentacampsite.Numeralsaresymbolsfornumbers.Personalnamesaresymbolsrepresentingindividuals.Aredrosesymbolizesloveandcompassion.2.Tragedyisaformofdramabasedonhumansufferingthatinvokesinitsaudienceanaccompanyingcatharsisorpleasureintheviewing.Whilemanycultureshavedevelopedformsthatprovokethisparadoxicalresponse,thetermtragedyoftenreferstoaspecifictraditionofdramathathasplayedauniqueandimportantrolehistoricallyintheself-definitionofWesterncivilization.Thattraditionhasbeenmultipleanddiscontinuous,yetthetermhasoftenbeenusedtoinvokeapowerfuleffectofculturalidentityandhistoricalcontinuity—“theGreeksandtheElizabethans,inoneculturalform;HellenesandChristians,inacommonactivity,”asRaymondWilliamsputsit.3.Aestheticdistancereferstothegapbetweenaviewer’sconsciousrealityandthefictionalrealitypresentedinaworkofart.Whenareaderbecomesfullyengrossedintheillusorynarrativeworldofabook,theauthorhasachievedacloseaestheticdistance.Iftheauthorthenjarsthereaderfromtherealityofthestory,essentiallyremindingthereadertheyarereadingabook,theauthorissaidtohave“violatedtheaestheticdistance.”ThenotionofaestheticdistancederivesfromanarticlebyWilliamBulloughpublishedin1912.Inthatarticle,hebeginswiththeimage

ofapassengeronashipobservingfogatsea.Ifthepassengerthinksofthefogintermsofdangertotheship,theexperienceisnotaesthetic,buttoregardthebeautifulsceneindetachedwonderistotakelegitimateaestheticattitude.Onemustfeel,butnottoomuch.Bulloughwrites,“Distance…isobtainedbyseparatingtheobjectanditsappealfromone’sownself,byputtingitoutofgearwithpracticalneedsandends.Therebythe‘contemplation’oftheobjectbecomesalonepossible.Authorsoffilm,fiction,drama,andpoetryevokedifferentlevelsofaestheticdistance.Forinstance,WilliamFaulknertendstoinvokeacloseaestheticdistancebyusingfirst-personnarrativeandstreamofconsciousness,whileErnestHemingwaytendstoinvokeagreateraestheticdistancefromthereaderthroughuseofthirdpersonnarrative.4.Ambiguityisanattributeofanyconcept,idea,statementorclaimwhosemeaning,intentionorinterpretationcannotbedefinitivelyresolvedaccordingtoaruleorprocessconsistingofafinitenumberofsteps.Theconceptofambiguityisgenerallycontrastedwithvagueness.Inambiguity,specificanddistinctinterpretationsarepermitted(althoughsomemaynotbeimmediatelyapparent),whereaswithinformationthatisvague,itisdifficulttoformanyinterpretationatthedesiredlevelofspecificity.Contextmayplayaroleinresolvingambiguity.Forexample,thesamepieceofinformationmaybeambiguousinonecontextandunambiguousinanother.5.Aparadoxisastatementthatapparentlycontradictsitselfandyetmightbetrue.Mostlogicalparadoxesareknownto

beinvalidargumentsbutarestillvaluableinpromotingcriticalthinking.Someparadoxeshaverevealederrorsindefinitionsassumedtoberigorous,andhavecausedaxiomsofmathematicsandlogictobere-examined.OneexampleisRussell'sparadox,whichquestionswhethera“listofallliststhatdonotcontainthemselves”wouldincludeitself,andshowedthatattemptstofoundsettheoryontheidentificationofsetswithpropertiesorpredicateswereflawed.Others,suchasCurry'sparadox,arenotyetresolved.ExamplesoutsidelogicincludetheShipofTheseusfromphilosophy(questioningwhetherashiprepairedovertimebyreplacingeachofitswoodenpartswouldremainthesameship).Paradoxescanalsotaketheformofimagesorothermedia.Forexample,M.C.Escherfeaturedperspective-basedparadoxesinmanyofhisdrawings,withwallsthatareregardedasfloorsfromotherpointsofview,andstaircasesthatappeartoclimbendlessly.Incommonusage,theword“paradox”oftenreferstostatementsthatareironicorunexpected,suchas“theparadoxthatstandingismoretiringthanwalking”.II.EssayQuestionsandLiteraryAnalysis1.TherearemanyreasonsastowhyHamletmightbedelayingtherevenge.OneofHamlet’smanyreasonscouldbethatheisafraidoftheconsequenceafterkilling.Heworriesthatthekillingwillcauseturbulencetohiscountry.Hecannotdecidetotakesuchrevenge.HamletisquitereligiousseeingthathefearshisfaitifmurderingClaudius

duringhisprayer,“NowmightIdoitpat,nowheisa-praying,andnowI’lldo’t-andsogoestoheaven,andamIreneged.Thatwouldbescanned.Avillainkillsmyfather,andforthat,IhissolesondothissamevillainsendtoHeaven.”ThisshowstheaudiencethatHamletisreligiousandthathefearstheresultofkilling,HamletknowsthatifhekillsClaudiuswhileheprays,Claudiuswillgotoheaven,andHamletwillhavetosufferthesinofkilling.AnotherreasonastowhyHamletpostponedtherevenge,couldbethathedidn’twanttohurthismotherGertrude,especiallyafterhisfatherwarnedhimnottohurtherinanyway“Iwillspeakdaggerstoherbutusenon”,thisindicatesHamletsprotectionoverhismother,hewill“speakindaggers”talktoherwithasharptonebut“usenon”tohurthismother.ItcouldbesaidthatHamletdidn’twanttokillClaudiusbecausehedidn’twanttoseehismothersufferalossofanotherlovedone.2.EnlightenmentreferstoaprogressiveintellectualmovementbeginninginFranceandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.Itisanexpressionofstruggleofthethenprogressiveclassofbourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.Thephrasewasfrequentlyemployedbywritersoftheperioditself,convincedthattheywereemergingfromcenturiesofdarknessandignoranceintoanewageenlightenedbyreason,science,educationandarespectofhumanity.Theenlightenersfoughtagainstclassinequality,stagnation,prejudice,andothersurvivalsoffeudalism.Theyattemptedtoplaceallbranchesofscienceattheserviceofmankindbyconnectingthemwiththeactualdeedsandrequirementsofthepeople.Theyacceptedbourgeoisrelationshipsasrightfulandreasonablerelationshipsamongpeople.Astoworks,Defoe’sRobinsonCrusoeandSwift’sGulliver’sTravelsarerepresentativeworksofEnlightenment.Theyfullyrevealtheenlightenmentspiritofthatage.

3.AmericanDreammeansthatAmericaisaplacefullofopportunitiestobesuccessfulandifpeopleworkhardandarediligentenough,theycangetthewealthandfamethattheywant;wealth,materialpossessionandpowerarethecorevaluesofAmericanDream.GatsbyinTheGreatGatsbyandWillyinDeathofaSalesmanaretworepresentativesofthevictimsofAmericanDream.Gatsbygetsmoneybydoingillegalbusinessandlivesluxuriouslifewhichmakeshimlonelyandmeaningless,finally,hewaskilled;thus,hisAmericandreamisshattered.WhileWillyisasalesmanandheiseagertobesuccessful,butheisfrustratedbytheenvironmentandpeoplearoundhim,beingnotabletostandsuchreality,hecommitssuicide;hisAmericandreamisshatteredaswell.Ⅲ.LiteraryTranslation1.TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.女人钱再多也不多，女人再瘦也不瘦。这句常被认为是已故温莎公爵夫人说的话，很大程度上体现了时代精神的怪异———瘦被视为难得的优点。此观点的问题在于有些人实际上力图身体力行。我自己就幻想能轻松套上瘦小的时装，结果不管对自己生活有无好处，一味节食。有钱也不是什么坏事，但这种情况不会落在我身上———除非某个遥远国度有个不认识的亲戚突然死了，留给我几百万美元遗产。2.TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish.Peopleareforeverinadilemma.Theyliveafairlygoodlifeandtheircircumstancesareasgoodascanbe,butfromtimetotimetheygrowtiredofallthis.Onecanhardlyattributethismentality,arisingfromlife’smonotonyandlackofpassion,toinsatiabilityonthepartofhumans.Iusedtoenvya

marriedcouplewholivedinaforest,wheregrovesoffirtreesandbamboosflourished,withquietandsecludedcobblestonepathsmeanderingthroughthewoods,birdschirpingbeautifullyandflowerspermeatingfragrance.Yetwhentheyrealizedthattheyhadunwittinglybecomeanobjectofadmirationowingtotheuniquelocationoftheirhouse,theyweretrulyperplexed.Intheireyes,therewaslittleintheforestwhichdeservedtobeseenormadesuchafussaboutwhencomparedtothefunandabundantlifeametropoliscanprovide!IV.LiterarySelectionsandAnalysis1．a.TheauthorisGeoffreyChaucer,andtheworkisselectedfromTheCanterburyTales.b.Becauseinthiswork,Chaucershowsatrue-to-lifepanoramaofhisthentime.Takingfromthestandofrisingbourgeoisie,Chauceraffirmsmenandopposesthedogmaofasceticismpreachedbythechurch.Hepraisesman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveforlife.Histalesexposeandsatirizetheevilsofhistime,attackdegenerationofthenobleandthecorruptionofthechurch.Thisworkisfullofbeautifulthoughtsandlanguage,soitisregardedasamasterpiece.c.Chaucer’slanguageisvividandexact.HisverseisamongthesmoothestinEnglishliterature.Chaucer’scontributiontoEnglishpoetryisthatheintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes,especiallytheheroiccouplettoEnglishpoetry.Hedidmuchin

makingtheLondondialectthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.Heisgoodattheterzarima,whichmakeshislanguageahighstyle.Chaucerisamasteroflanguage.2．a.TheauthorisThomasHardy,andthepassageisselectedfromTessoftheD’Urbervilles.b.ThesubtitleofthebookisAPureWomanwhichshowsthegreatsympathyofThomasHardy.AndfromthissubtitlewecanseethatHardyconfirmstheinnerpurityofTess,atthesametime,hecriticizespeople’shypocrisyandtheharshreality.c.Tessisabeautifulyoungwomanwhoisintelligent,naïve,passionateandkind-hearted.Sheistrappedintoherfateandcannotgetout.SheisunfortunateanddeducedbyAlec,whoistheevilrepresentativeinthebookandkilledbyTessdesperatelyintheend.Asaresult,Tessissentencedtodeath.AngelistheverymanthatTessloves,buthedoesnotcherishherloveforhim,andheabandonsTesswhenheknowsthatTessisdeducedbyAlec.Althoughheisafreethinkingyoungmanandatypical19th-centuryprogressive,believinginthenobilityofman,hestickstothetraditionalvaluesfirmly,whichmakehimmean,selfish,narrow-mindedandunabletoforgive.3.a.TheauthorisD.H.Lawrence,andthepassageisselectedfromSonsandLovers.

b.D.H.Lawrencewasoneoftheheirsofthegenreofrealism,especiallypsychologicalrealism.Throughoutthisnovel,Lawrencereflectsthereality,criticizestherealityandfullyembodiestherealistthoughtsofhis.Intheabovetext,LawrenceshowstherealisticdepictionofMrs.Morel’sactionsandfeelings,whichistruetolife.c.ThisworkistakenasatypicalexampleandlivelymanifestationofOedipuscomplexinfiction,astheresultofLawrence’slong-rangestudyofpsychoanalysistheoriesofSigmundFreud.Butthethemeofthenovelisusuallysaidtoconcerntheeffectofmaternalloveonthedevelopmentofason.Atthesametime,Lawrencecriticizesthedehumanizationcausedbyindustrialization,underwhichspiritualloveandphysicallovecannotbeintegratedwitheachother.4.a.TheauthorisNathanielHawthorne,andthepassageisselectedfromTheScarletLetter.b.Theauthoremploysakindofcircularnarrativestructure（环形叙事结构）andgivespeopleakindofcompleteness.c.Thescarletletter“A”hasseveralsymbolicmeaningsthroughoutthestory.Atthebeginning,itsymbolizes“adultery”whichindicatesthesinthattheheroinehascommitted;later,itbecomes“able”,becauseoftheheroine’sabilityandgoodness;atlast,itsymbolizes“angel”,whichconfirmstheheroine’sinnermoralityandpurity.d.HesterPrynnesymbolizestruth,beautyandgoddess;ArthurDimmesdalesymbolizestheinnerdarkneesofhumanbeings;Roger

Chillingworthsymbolizestheevil,ruthlessnessandrevenge;Pearlsymbolizesthetreasureofhermother,thelivingscarletletter,thecodeofethics,andakindofspiritualandmoralburdenofHesterandDimmesdale.e.Thesepassagesareadescriptionofconditionandenvironmentinwhichtheprotagonistconfront.Hawthornelikestodepicttheenvironmentalconditionsaroundthecharacters,whichhelpreaderstograsptheatmosphereofhisstoryandgetabetterunderstandingofit.Hislanguageisvividandfullofsymbolicimages.5.a.TheauthorisJosephHeller,andthepassageisselectedfromCthch-22.b.Theabsurdruleisaparadoxicaltrapforthesoldiers.Itstipulatesthatonlyamadmancanbefreefromtheflightmission,butifyousaythatyouaremad,itturnsoutthatyouarenot,soyoumustperformyourflighttask,etc.c.Thenovelisfamousforitswritingtechniqueofusingofblackhumor.Anditbecomesthemostrepresentativeworkofblackhumor.6.a.TheauthorisEzraPound,andthepoemis“InaStationoftheMetro”.b.ThepoetbelongstoImagismSchool.ImagismisaliterarymovementwhichcameintobeinginBritainandU.S.around1910asareactiontothetraditionalEnglishpoetrytoexpressthesenseoffragmentationanddislocation.Theimagistsholdthatthemost

effectivemeanstoexpressthesemomentaryimpressionsisthroughtheuseofonedominantimage.Imagismischaracterizedbythefollowingthreepoeticprinciples:i)directtreatmentofsubjectmatter;ii)economyofexpression;iii)asregardsrhythm,tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinthesequenceofmetronome.c.ThisisaclassicexampleoftheImagistpoetry.PoundwasonceinaParissubwaystationandwasstruckbythefacesofafewprettywomenandchildrenhurryingoutofthedim,damp,andsomberstation.Soimpressedwashebythespectaclethatheresolvedtobringitoutinpoeticlanguage.Theresultwas,ofcourse,thepoem.“Theobject”tobetreatedisthefacesinthatdimanddampcontext.Theimpressionisbroughtoutmostvividlybythesimple,dominantimageofflowerpetalsonawet,blackbough,whichservesasthemostconcise,direct,anddefinitemetaphorforthe“facesinthecrowd.”

2011年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及部分详解I.Definethefollowingterms(20/150，5×4)1.WaitingforGodot2.Harlemrenaissance3.Antagonist4.Comedyofmanners5.BlankverseⅡ.EssayQuestionsandLiteraryAnalysis(30/150，3×10)1.SummarizePuritans’beliefs2.Illustratethemaincharacteristicsofmodernismfromaliteraryperspective3.MakeabriefcommentonJ.R.R.Tolkien’sTheLordoftheRingsⅢ.LiteraryTranslations(40/150，20×2)1.PleasetranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese，andpayattentiontoitsliteraryquality(20points)ItwasNewYear’sNight.Anagedmanwasstandingatawindow.Heraisedhismournfuleyestowardsthedeepbluesky,wherethestarswerefloatinglikewhiteliliesonthesurfaceofaclearcalmlake.Thenhecastthemontheearth,wherefewmorehopelesspeoplethanhimselfnowmovedtowardstheircertaingoal—thetomb.Hehadalreadypassedsixtyofthestagesleadingtoit,andhehadbroughtfromhisjourneynothingbuterrorsandremorse.Nowhishealthwaspoor,hismindvacant,hisheartsorrowful,andhisoldageshortofcomforts.2.PleasetranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglishandpayattentiontoitsliteraryquality(20points)真正成为自己不是一件很容易的事。世上有很多人，你说他是什么都行，例如是一种职业，一个身份，一个角色，唯独不是他自己。如果一个人总是按照别人的意见生活，总是为外在的事务忙碌，没有自己的内心生活，那么，说他不是他自己一点儿也没有冤枉他。因为的的确确，从他的头脑到心灵，你在其中已经找不到丝毫真正属于他自己的东西了，他只是别人的一个影子和事务的一架机器罢了。IV.LiterarySelectionsandAnalysis(60/150，10×6)1．Inhereagernesssheroseandsupportedherselfonthearmofthechair.Atthatearnestappealheturnedtoher,lookingabsolutelydesperate.Hiseyes,wideandwet,atlastflashedfiercelyonher；hisbreastheavedconvulsively.Aninstanttheyheldasunder,andthenhowtheymetIhardlysaw,butCatherinemadeaspring,andhecaughther,andtheywerelockedinanembracefromwhichIthoughtmymistresswouldneverbereleasedalive：infact,tomyeyes,sheseemeddirectlyinsensible.Heflunghimselfintothenearestseat,andonmyapproachinghurriedlytoascertainifshehadfainted,hegnashedatme,andfoamedlikeamaddog,andgatheredherto

himwithgreedyjealousy.Ididnotfeelasiflwereinthecompanyofacreatureofmyownspecies:itappearedthathewouldnotunderstand,thoughIspoketohim；soIstoodoff,andheldmytongue,ingreatperplexity.AmovementofCatherine’srelievedmealittlepresently：sheputupherhandtoclasphisneck,andbringhercheektohisasheheldher;whilehe,inreturn,coveringherwithfranticcaresses,saidwildly一‘Youteachmenowhowcruelyou’vebeen—cruelandfalse.Whydidyoudespiseme?Whydidyoubetrayyourownheart,Cathy?Ihavenotonewordofcomfort.Youdeservethis.Youhavekilledyourself.Yes,youmaykissme,andcry；andwringoutmykissesandtears：they’llblightyou—they’lldamnyou.Youlovedme—thenwhatrighthadyoutoleaveme?Whatright—answerme—forthepoorfancyyoufeltforLinton?Becausemiseryanddegradation,anddeath,andnothingthatGodorSatancouldinflictwouldhavepartedus,you,ofyourownwill,didit.Ihavenotbrokenyourheart—youhavebrokenit；andinbreakingit,youhavebrokenmine.Somuchtheworseforme