广东省2022年中考英语复习学案-专题五形容词和副词

专题五形容词和副词考点广东省卷近5年中考统计情况201720182019202020211.形容词原级√√√2.形容词比较级√√3.形容词最高级√√√4.形容词辨析√√√√5.常见副词√√√√6.副词比较级√√7.副词最高级√8.副词辨析√√√√√【考点一】形容词的用法作用结构位置示例作定语形容词+名词一般位于名词前arainyday雨天excitingmatches令人兴奋的比赛不定代词/不定副词+形容词位于不定代词或不定副词之后somethingnew新鲜事物somewherecool凉爽的地方作宾语补足语动词(make,keep,think,find等)+宾语(sb.或sth.)+形容词makemeupset使我心烦意乱keeptheroomcleanandtidy保持房间干净整洁Shefoundthedoorclosed.她发现门是关着的。作表语连系动词/感官动词+形容词五感:look,sound,taste,smell和feellookunhappy看起来不开心smelldelicious闻起来香四变:turn,get,go和becometurnred(变红),getwarm(变暖和),gobad(变质)三保持:keep,stay和remainkeep/staycool保持冷静remainsilent保持沉默二特殊:be和seemTomseemsaverycleverboy.汤姆看上去是个非常聪明的男孩。注意interesting/surprising/exciting/boring/scaring/tiring/worrying/pleasing指事物对人的影响,常修饰事物,主语一般是物,表主动Hefeltexcitedafterwatchingtheexcitingmatch.他看了那场激动人心的比赛后感到很激动。interested/surprised/excited/bored/scared/tired/worried/pleased指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人,表被动续表注意形容词afraid,alive,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well只用作表语或补足语,不作定语。作定语时用其他词livingthings生物;sleepingbeauty睡美人;asickchild一个生病的孩子enough(足够)放在名词的前面,形容词、副词的后面,即“名前形副后”Idon'thaveenoughmoneytobuythebike.我没有足够的钱买那辆自行车。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他年龄足够大可以去上学。度量词汇+形容词5metersdeep5米深800kilometerslong800千米长【考点·练】(C)1.—The5Gtechnologycanhelpdoctorstreatpatientswhoarehundredsofkilometersaway.—It'sreally_______.

A.secret B.direct C.amazing D.traditional(A)2.Samis11yearsold.Peteris16yearsold.Peteris5years_______thanSam.

A.older B.shorter C.newer D.longer(B)3.Fatherwassobusywithhisworkthathehad_______timetoreadthenewspaper.

A.some B.little C.much D.abitof(C)4.Theartistisso_______thathecanmakedifferentchangingpictureswithsand.

A.common B.careless C.creative D.helpful(A)5.Whilewatchingthefilmyesterday,Icouldn'tstoplaughingatsome_______moments.

A.humorous B.challenging C.dangerous D.surprising副词的用法1.副词的种类频度副词地点副词here,there,everywhere,anywhere,in,out,inside,outside,down,upstairs,nearby,upwards,above方式副词carefully,properly,suddenly,fast,well,calmly,politely,proudly,softly,warmly,hard,quickly,slowly,excitedly,really程度副词much,little,very,rather,so,too,still,quite,perfectly,enough,completely,almost时间副词ago,before,just,then,soon,now,once,early,today,finally,yesterday,already疑问副词how,where,when,why连接副词however,how,when,where,why关系副词when,where,why2.副词的位置和作用位置示例方式副词修饰不及物动词,通常放在被修饰的动词后面;修饰及物动词时,一般放在宾语后面Shelistenscarefullyinclass.她认真地听课。HespeaksFrenchveryfluently.他的法语说得很流利。及物动词+副词及物动词+副词+名词=及物动词+名词+副词moveawaythebox=movetheboxaway搬走这个箱子及物动词+代词+副词throwthemaway把它们扔掉频度副词(always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,seldom,never等)位于助动词或be动词之后,实义动词之前Heisoftenlateforschool.他上学经常迟到。Shesometimesgetsangry.她有时生气。副词常用来修饰行为动词、形容词和副词用法示例行为动词+方式副词dowell做得好movequickly迅速移动程度副词+形容词verygood很好tooquiet太安静了程度副词+方式副词reallybadly相当糟糕veryquickly非常快【考点·练】(D)1.Seeingthenewchangesinherhometown,Nanjing,Sandycould______believehereyes.A.properly B.highly C.nearly D.hardly(D)2.CouldyouspeakinaloudvoicesothatIcanhearyou_______?

A.quickly B.happily C.slowly D.clearly(A)3.SantaishanForestParkis_______beautifulthatithasbecomeahottouristattraction.

A.so B.very C.such D.quite(B)4.Peterspokeso_______thatIcouldhardlyhearhim.

A.loudly B.quietly C.clearly D.patiently(B)5.—ConfuciusInstitute(孔子学院)hasbeensetupinmanyothercountries.—Yes,Chineseis_______spokeninthosecountries.IamproudofthatasaChinese.

A.hardly B.widely C.never D.seldom【考点三】形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1.比较级和最高级的构成变化规则原级比较级最高级一般情况,单音节词比较级+er,最高级+estwarmwarmerwarmest以e结尾的单音节词比较级+r,最高级+stlatelaterlatest重读闭音节且词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,比较级+er,最高级+estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest以辅音字母加y结尾,改y为i,比较级+er,最高级+estbusyheavybusierheavierbusiestheaviest某些双音节和多音节词(三个音节或以上),通常比较级在单词前面加more,最高级加mosttiredfamousmoretiredmorefamousmosttiredmostfamous2.形容词和副词原级和比较级的用法级别比较程度表达方式和意义例句原级同等程度肯定形式A+as+原级+as+B表示“A与B一样……”ShestudiesashardasLisa.她学习与莉萨一样努力。否定形式A+notas/so+原级+as+B”表示“A不及/不如B”Shedoesn'tstudyas/sohardasLisa.她学习不如莉萨努力。表示倍数倍数+as+原级+asThistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。有表示程度的副词too,very,so,enough,quite等修饰时Theboyistooyoung.这个男孩年纪太小了。注意as可以用于肯定句和否定句;so只用于否定句比较级不同程度(两者比较)A+比较级+than+B(A>B)表示“A比B更……”Myroomisbiggerthanyours.我的房间比你的大。A+much/even/alittle+比较级+than+B表示“A比B……(程度词)”Ourclassroomismuchlargerthantheirs.我们的教室比他们的教室大得多。A+less+原级+than+B表示“A不及/不如B……”Thefilmwaslessfunthanthatone.这部电影不及那部有趣。表程度加深比较级+and+比较级(单音节形容词)moreandmore+原级(多音节形容词)表示“越来越……”It'sgettinghotterandhotter.天气变得越来越热。Youaremoreandmorebeautiful.你越来越漂亮了。the+比较级,the+比较级表示“越……,越……”Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越认真,犯的错误就越少。比较级+thananyother+单数名词(表最高级)表示“比其他任何……都……”Linistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.林比他班上的任何一个学生都要高。两者中较为突出的一个the+比较级+ofthetwo表示“两者中更……”Jimisthetallerofthetwoboys.吉姆是两个男孩中较高的那个。量化比较数量/倍数+比较级+than...JackisthreeyearsolderthanTom.杰克比汤姆大三岁。特殊情况a(n)+比较级+名词Ifyoustudyharder,youcanhaveabettergrade.如果你学习更努力,你就能取得更好的成绩。can't+比较级表示“再……不过”Shecouldn'thaveexplainedthemattermoreclearly.她把那件事解释得再清楚不过了。注意1.常用来修饰形容词比较级的词:两多(much/alot);两少(alittle/abit)以及far,even,still,rather,threetimes等。2.同类事物才能够进行比较。Yourskirtlooksmorebeautifulthanmine.你的裙子看起来比我的更漂亮。3.最高级的用法句型用法示例the+最高级+of/in/among表示三者或以上的比较Heisthetallestboyinourclass.他是我们班上最高的男生。Millerjumps(the)highestamongthethreestudents.在三个学生中,米勒跳得最高。oneofthe+最高级+名词复数+in/of+比较范围表示“最……之一”BeijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最大的城市之一。the+序数词+最高级+名词+in/of+比较范围表示“第几……的……”TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长的河流。Thisisthe+最高级+名词(that)Imeet/know表示“这是我见过/知道的最……”ThisisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.这是我去过的最美的城市。注意1.形容词最高级前有形容词性物主代词修饰时不用the。Heismybestfriend.他是我最好的朋友。2.最高级与比较级的转换ShanghaiisthelargestcityinChina.上海是中国最大的城市。=Shanghaiislargerthananyothercity/theothercitiesinChina.上海比中国其他的城市都大。(上海属于中国,同范围,要用other)区别:ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJapan.上海比日本任何一个城市都大。(上海不属于日本,不同范围)4.比较级和最高级的不规则变化原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级good/well(两好)betterbestfar(远)farther(距离远)farthestbad/ill(两坏)worseworstfurther(程度深)furthestmany/much(两多)moremostold(老)older(岁数大;东西旧)oldestlittle(少)lessleastelder(家庭中年长的)eldest5.常见的形容词、副词固定搭配短语汉语意思短语汉语意思assoonas一……就fromnowon从现在起fromthenon从那时起justnow刚才nowandthen有时,偶尔onceagain又一次rightnow立刻,马上thedayaftertomorrow后天thedaybeforeyesterday前天twoyearsago两年前aweeklater一周后fivedaysbefore五天前【考点·练】(D)1.—Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmentinyourhometown?—It's_______.Boththeairandthewaterarebadlypolluted.

A.notbad B.asgoodasbefore C.muchbetterthanbefore D.notasgoodasbefore(B)2.—Whatdoyouthinkoftheband'sperformance?—Itcouldbe_______.Ithinkthey'refeelingverynervous.

A.good B.better C.bad D.worse(D)3.Theflyingsquirrelmightbeoneof_______animalsyoucouldmeetduringthetrip.

A.strange B.stranger C.strangest D.thestrangest(B)4.—Idon'twantthisbookbecauseoftheprice.MayIhaveanotherone?—Howaboutthisone?Itisasinterestingasthatoneand_______expensive.

A.more B.less C.little D.least(A)5.—Whosings_______inyourclass?

—LiJingdoes.A.mostbeautifully B.mostbeautiful C.morebeautifully D.morebeautiful(B)6.—YouhavemadegreatprogressonyourEnglish.—Thanks.Ibelieve_______youwork,_______youwillbe.

A.theless;thebetter B.theharder;thebetterC.thebetter;theworse D.harder;better(D)1.(2020·安徽中考)Thereismorespaceinthehigh-speedtrainandthejourneybecomesmore_______.

A.serious B.boring C.dangerous D.comfortable(B)2.(2020·安顺中考)Ifweareinterestedinsomething,ourbrainis_______anditisalsoeasierforustopayattentiontoitforalongtime.

A.active B.moreactive C.themostactive D.mostactive(C)3.(2020·黔西南州中考)Itwas_______forustosolvethemathproblem.Fewofuscouldevenunderstandit.

A.easyenough B.enougheasy C.difficultenough D.enoughdifficult(C)4.(2020·龙东中考)Giftshophadbeen_______whenwegotthere.

A.close B.toclose C.closed D.closing(C)5.(2020·绥化中考)IthinkMarkis_______ofalltheboysinourclass.

A.mostoutgoing B.moreoutgoingC.themostoutgoing D.themoreoutgoing(C)6.(2020·泰州中考)It'sa_______ideatobuildcabinhospitals(方舱医院)toreceivepatientsduringtheoutbreakofCOVID-19(新冠肺炎).

A.cheerful B.classical C.creative D.curious(D)7.(2020·泸州中考)—Let'sgotoanotherrestaurantinstead.—It'snotnecessary.Thefoodhereis_______thanbefore.

A.delicious B.lessdeliciousC.muchdelicious D.moredelicious(C)8.(2020·鄂州中考)—I'mproudofEzhou,ourhomeland.—SoamI.Itisbecoming_______.

A.moreandmorebeautifully B.morebeautifulandbeautifulC.moreandmorebeautiful D.morebeautifullyandbeautifully(D)9.(2021·宿迁中考)Thisyear'sBeijingMusicAwardswillbecovered_______onSunshineTVthisSaturday.

A.lively B.alive C.living D.live(B)10.(2021·黔东南州中考)—Ialwaysfeel_______whenspeakinginfrontofothers.

—Takeiteasyandbebrave.A.surprised B.nervous C.interested D.different(A)11.(2021·凉山中考)—WhatdoyouthinkofthemovieHi,Mom?—It'sso_______thatIwanttowatchitasecondtime.

A.wonderful B.meaningless C.natural D.serious(A)12.(2021·达州中考)—Whichcountryhasa_______population,ChinaorCanada?

—China.Canadaisalot_______crowdedthanChina.

A.bigger;less B.bigger;more C.smaller;less D.smaller;more(D)13.(2021·连云港中考)Drinkingteaisusuallyseenasa_______lifestyleinChina.

A.strict B.boring C.clean D.healthy(D)14.(2021·云南中考)—IthinkitisagoodwaytostudyEnglishbywatchingEnglishmovies.—Iagree.Ifindit_______toimprovemylistening.

A.harmful B.thankful C.careful D.helpful(D)15.(2021·重庆中考)Protectingourselvesisoneof_______thingswemustdo.

A.important B.moreimportantC.mostimportant D.themostimportant完形填空Therearemanybraveandtalentedpeoplewhoworkindifferentbranches(分支)ofscience.Extreme(极端的)scientistsarepeoplewhoworkinverydifficultanddangerousplaces.Theydon'tworkina1allthetimelikeotherscientistsdo.Instead,theysearch2informationthatcanonlybegatheredthroughfirst-handexperiences.Thesescientistshavetoexploredeep,darkcaves,swimwithsharksoractasswan(天鹅)mothers.

Thenumberofgreatwhitesharksintheworld3smallernow.Theyareoneof4animal