专题44 说明文（高考真题+各地模拟题）

备战2022高考考英语完形填空话题分类训练(高考真题+各地模拟题)专题44说明文（2018·上海·高考真题）When17-year-oldQuattroMusserhangsoutwithfriends,theydon'tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswiththeirdates.__1__,theysticktoG-ratedactivitiessuchasrock-climbingortalkingaboutbooks.Theyareingoodcompany,accordingtoanewstudyshowingthatteenagersareincreasinglydelayingactivitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageinto__2__.Thestudy,publishedTuesdayinthejournalChildDevelopment,foundthatthepercentageofadolescentsintheU.S.whohaveadriver'slicense,whohavetriedalcohol,whodate,andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitous(急剧的)__3__inthepastdecade.Thedeclinesappearedacrossrace,geographic,andsocioeconomiclines,andinrural,urban,andsuburbanareas.Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities,butthe__4__haveslimmedconsiderably.Teenshavealsoreportedasteadydeclineinsexualactivityinrecentdecades,astheportionofhighschoolstudentswhohavehadsexfellfrom54percentin1991to41percentin2015,accordingtoCentersforDiseaseControlstatistics.uPeoplesay,'Oh,it'sbecauseteenagersaremoreresponsible,ormorelazy,ormoreboring,'butthey're__5__thelargertrend,"saidJeanTwenge,leadauthorofthestudy,whichdrewonsevenlargetime-lagsurveysofAmericans.Rather,shesaid,kidsmaybeless__6__inactivitiessuchasdating,drivingorgettingjobsbecauseintoday'ssociety,theynolongerneedto.Accordingtoanevolutionarypsychologytheorythataperson's"lifestrategy"slowsdownorspeedsupdependingonhisorher__7__,exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable"environmentleadstofasterdevelopment,whileamoreresource-richandsecureenvironmenthasthe__8__effect,thestudysaid.Inthefirst__9__,"You'dhavealotofkidsandbeinsurvivalmode,starthavingkidsyoung,expectyourkidswillhavekidsyoung,andexpectthattherewillbemore__10__andfewerresources,"saidTwenge,apsychologyprofessoratSanDiegoStateUniversitywhoistheauthorof"iGen：WhyToday'sSuper-ConnectedKidsAreGrowingUpLessRebellious,MoreTolerant,LessHappy-andCompletelyUnpreparedforAdulthood."Inthatmodelateenageboymightbethinkingmore__11__aboutmarriage,anddrivingacarandworkingforpaywouldbeimportantfor“establishingmatevaluebasedonprocurementofresources,"thestudysaid.ButAmericaisshiftingmoretowardthe__12__model,andthechangeisapparentacrossthesocioeconomicspectrum,Twengesaid.uEveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn'thaveacollegeeducation...familiesaresmaller,andtheideathatchildrenneedtobecarefully

__13__hasreallysunkin.‘‘The__14__of41adultactivities''couldnotbeattributedtomorehomeworkorextracurricularactivities,thestudysaid,notingthatteenstodayspendfewerhoursonhomeworkandthesameamountoftimeonextracurricularsastheydidinthe1990s(withtheexceptionofcommunityservice,whichhasrisenslightly).NorcouldtheuseofsmartphonesandtheInternetbeentirelythe__15__,thereportsaid,sincethedeclinebeganbeforetheywerewidelyavailable.Ifthedelayistomakeroomforcreativeexplorationandformingbettersocialandemotionalconnections,itisagoodthing,hesaid.1．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Moreover D．Besides2．A．childhood B．neighborhood C．adolescents D．adulthood3．A．escapes B．ends C．decreases D．changes4．A．minorities B．majorities C．masses D．amounts5．A．taking B．avoiding C．sending D．missing6．A．interested B．envied C．relieved D．realized7．A．emotions B．surroundings C．customs D．habits8．A．wrong B．same C．opposite D．similar9．A．event B．issue C．case D．occasion10．A．trouble B．questions C．benefits D．diseases11．A．respectively B．delicately C．seriously D．considerably12．A．slower B．better C．smaller D．faster13．A．emphasized B．related C．organized D．educated14．A．implement B．postponement C．achievement D．payment15．A．cause B．impact C．fact D．result（2022·上海·模拟预测）Twonewstudiesaddfurtherpiecestothejigsawpuzzlethatishumanevolution.Onereportsa(n)____16____extramemberofthegenusHomo.Theothercasts____17____onpossibleinterbreedingbetweenthreehumanspeciesintheMiddleEast.Homolongi---“Dragonman”intoEnglishfromChinese,viaLatin---isnota(n)____18____find,butareinterpretationofanexistingone.Thecranium(头盖)inquestionwasdugupinHarbinin1933andis____19____atHebeiGEOUniversity,inShijiazhuang.Itis146,000yearsoldandwas____20____badgedasanarchaicformofHomosapiens(智人).ButNiXijunandJiQiang,whoworkattheuniversity,disagree.AstheyreportintheInnovation,thecraniumwouldindeedhavecontainedabrainsimilarinsizetoamodernhuman’s,butthefossilistoolargetobesapiensandhasmolarsandeyesocketswhichdwarfthoseofpeopletoday.DrNiandDrJialsorealisedthatitistoolongandlowtobesapiens.Itlacksthe____21____ofamodernhumancranium.Thisisgoodnewsfor____22____oftherecent-African-origintheory,whichholdsthatmostnon-Africanhumanbeingsalivetodayaredescendantsofasmallnumberofmigrantswho____23____toAsiafromtheHornofAfricaabout60,000yearsago,meaningthatanynon-Africanhumanfossilfrombeforethatdateisprobablyofanotherspeciesdescendedfromearlier,non-sapiensdeparturesfromAfrica.Thequestionwas,whichearlierspeciesdidtheHarbinfossilrepresent?By____24____itwithknownarchaichumans,includingHomoerectus,Homofloresiensis,HomoheidelbergensisandHomoneanderthalensis,DrNiandDrJi_____25_____thatitwasnoneofthem,andmustthereforebenewtoscienceandsoworthyofitsownname.Thereis,however,oneotherpossibility-forthereisanow-extincttypeofhumanofwhichnocraniumhasyetbeen_____26_____.Homodenisova’sexistencewasestablishedbytheextractionofDNAfromafingerbone,andtracesofthatDNA,aremnantofinterspeciesbreeding，stillexistinmodernhumans,notablyinChina.SinceoneoftheHarbinfossil’smolarsperfectlymatchesthesizeandroot_____27_____ofamolarfromtheDenisovacaveinRussia,afterwhichHomodenisovaisnamed,itmaybethatDrNiandDrJihaveactuallyidentifiedthefirstDenisovancranium.Theotherstudy,publishedinSciencebyIsraelHershkovitzofTelAvivUniversity,alsospeakstothequestionofinterspecificinterbreeding.Evensupportersoftherecent-African-origintheoryrecognisethattherewas,_____28_____,anearlier“leakage”ofHomosapiensfromnorth-eastAfricaintotheLevant.DrHershkovitzandhiscolleagueshavebeenexaminingfossilsof_____29_____antiquity—120,000-l40,000years--collectedfromNesherRamla,asiteinIsrael.These,theyfound,havesapiens-likejawbones,Neanderthal-likemolarsandcraniasimilartothoseofHomoerectus.Thissuggeststothemthattheyarethe_____30_____ofmiscegenationbetweenallthree.16．A．faint B．potential C．routine D．fake17．A．soil B．air C．water D．light18．A．secret B．novel C．relative D．reverse19．A．headed B．handled C．held D．handed20．A．originally B．independently C．unexpectedly D．inevitably21．A．laziness B．selfishness C．effectiveness D．roundness22．A．directors B．supporters C．investors D．reminders23．A．took B．left C．crossed D．toured24．A．comparing B．applying C．referring D．persisting25．A．excluded B．included C．mentioned D．concluded26．A．equipped B．identified C．perfected D．launched27．A．structure B．range C．lead D．fill28．A．bycontrast B．asaresult C．inreality D．inaddition29．A．opposite B．crucial C．relevant D．compulsory30．A．product B．property C．procedure D．protein（2022·江西·一模）Ifyoubrowsethroughalibrary,you'11findavarietyofbooks,fromfictiontocrimetoromance.Andifyou____31____throughacityyou'llseeavarietyofpeopleof____32____ages,bodyshapes,skincolorsandgenders.InCopenhagen,a(n)____33____library,TheHumanLibrary,offersbooksmadeoffleshandboneinsteadof____34____--individualsfromallwalksoflifeorfacedwith____35____Thebooktitlesareshortandtothepointliketransgender,formercrimina1or'immigrant.Readersmayborrowthese“books”forathirty-minute____36____Thehumanbooksarevolunteers,andvisitingreadersareencouragedtoaskthose____37____orembarrassingquestionsthey’vealwayswonderedabout.The____38____ideafirstcametoRonniAbergelwhenhewastroubledbythe____39____thatpeopletendedtodroppeopleinlittleboxeswithprejudicethrougha____40____knowledgeofthem.He____41____sittingdownandmeetingsomeofthepeopleyounormallymightfeelalittlebit____42____about,whichwillhelpyoulearntremendouslynotonlyaboutthem,butalsoabout____43____SothemainideaoftheHumanLibraryisto____44____theassumptionsandstereotypes(刻板印象)thatwe____45____tohaveaboutotherpeople.TransgendervolunteerKatyJonWentisaregularhostfortheHumanLibrarysevents,“Thebestthingtorememberisthatyoucanaskthemanything--thehuman"books'are____46____offended,whichisanincrediblyrare____47____”Today85____48____haveaHumanLibrary,fromNorwayandHungaryallthewaytoAustraliaandMongolia!Theeventisallaboutcelebratinghuman____49____It'sacelebrationforeveryone____50____race,age,gender,ornationality.31．A．drag B．cut C．break D．wander32．A．particular B．changeable C．different D．general33．A．national B．unusual C．conventional D．optional34．A．blood B．stories C．paper D．material35．A．discrimination B．choices C．hardships D．questions36．A．read B．conversation C．negotiation D．time37．A．ridiculous B．incredible C．awkward D．delightful38．A．original B．universal C．sensible D．bright39．A．survey B．assumption C．evidence D．phenomenon40．A．basic B．profound C．practical D．limited41．A．recommends B．commands C．denies D．appreciates42．A．certain B．uncomfortable C．irritated D．enthusiastic43．A．herself B．himself C．yourself D．myself44．A．confirm B．challenge C．make D．disapprove45．A．opposed B．pretended C．preferred D．used46．A．always B．rarely C．sometimes D．once47．A．behavior B．activity C．offer D．scene48．A．countries B．cities C．races D．peoples49．A．kindness B．gratitude C．tolerance D．diversity50．A．regardlessof B．onaccountof C．intermsof D．awareof（2022·全国·哈师大附中一模）Youcanhearapindrop.It’salmostadilemmaamongseverallong-timerivals.CanBabepullitoff?She___51___theeighteenthhole,extendsherarmsforthedownswingand—it'saholeinone!Babe,queenofthefairway(球道),hassucceeded,andthecrowdgoes___52___.Herfansrushforward,andthere’s___53___anddamageonthegreens.There’sapitytothiswin___54___Babe,aco-founderoftheLPGA(LadiesProfessionalGolfAssociation),wasdiagnosedwithcancerattheheightofher___55___.Doctorssaidshe’dnever___56___again,buttheyshouldhaveknownnottobetagainstthis___57___woman.Afterthinkingitoverforaboutasplitsecond,she___58___shewasn’tgoingtoletalittlethinglikeaseriousillness___59___herathleticcareer.Shehadotherfishtofry.Shereacheda(n)_____60_____withherhusbandandmanagerafterundergoingsurgery.Shesworeshe’dkeepthedooropen_____61_____.Friendsbeggedhertoslowdown.Whatdidshehavetoprove?ButBabewasn’t_____62_____it.ShewontheSerbinWomen’sOpenTournament:“TheBabe’shere,who’scominginsecond?”Whenitcomestoathletics,thereisnothingsheisn’t_____63_____.Sheexcelsinbaseball,swimming,diving,tennis,andbowling.Her_____64_____arelegendaryandpracticallycountless.Mostagreeshe’sthebestwomanathletealive.Onceshewas_____65_____asthegreatestfemaleathleteofthehalf-centurybytheAssociatedPress,andshe’swonalargenumberofotherawardsandlifetimeachievementhonors.Noone_____66_____thisladywiththeincrediblegiftsand_____67_____heartofachampion.Babeisno_____68_____woman.We’dbecarelessifwedidn’tmentionthatBabeisworkingonherautobiography,dueoutnextyear.Thegirlhasdoneplentyto_____69_____theidealsofwomen’ssportsandwonthe_____70_____ofmillions.51．A．ignores B．hits C．reaches D．eyes52．A．upset B．wild C．quiet D．patient53．A．confusion B．burden C．relief D．satisfaction54．A．so B．although C．because D．but55．A．spirit B．fame C．luck D．wealth56．A．talk B．hear C．walk D．play57．A．tough B．intelligent C．ordinary D．elegant58．A．guessed B．admitted C．figured D．explained59．A．guide B．follow C．delay D．ruin60．A．point B．conclusion C．agreement D．goal61．A．return B．recover C．select D．explore62．A．showing B．buying C．hearing D．refusing63．A．busywith B．concernedabout C．afraidof D．goodat64．A．chances B．dreams C．talents D．problems65．A．voted B．appointed C．treated D．remembered66．A．teamsupwith B．comescloseto C．staysawayfrom D．reachesoutfor67．A．tolerant B．grateful C．kind D．enormous68．A．realistic B．ambitious C．average D．outstanding69．A．advance B．reduce C．attach D．reward70．A．appeal B．admiration C．inspiration D．mercy（2022·陕西渭南·一模）IttookatriparoundtheworldforMacKinnontoreallyappreciatehowgoodherlifeis.After____71____,the36-year-oldnursedecidedthatshewantedto____72____thoseshesawsufferinginpoverty.“Aftertravelingforayear____73____developingcountries,Isawmanychildrenandadultsdidn'thave____74____andsufferedfromalotofdiseases.SoaftergettinghomeI____75____feltlikeIneededtodosomething,”saidMacKinnon,who____76____forGhanainMarchaspartofaWindsorRoselandRotaryClub-affiliatedcrewof16.MacKinnondecidedshewould____77____shoesforpeopleinAfricaandbegangettingthe____78____outamongherfamilyandfriends.Aftershecollectedtheshoes,anewproblemarose.Atfirstshethought$100wouldbeagoodtotal.Butwhenshe____79____aboutshipping,shewastolditwouldcost$2,000orso.Shecontactedanumberof_____80_____thatdoaidworkinAfrica.“Noonereallycanhelpwithshoes,”saidMacKinnon.Justthenshehada_____81_____tomeetwithapriestfromGhanawhoheardaboutMacKinnonandthefactthatshewasa(n)_____82_____educator.“Hewantedto_____83_____mejustbecausediabetesratesinGhanahaverisen.He_____84_____metogotoGhanatoprovidesome_____85_____atthesametime.Itoldhimaboutmy_____86_____andhesaidthattheywouldtaketheshoes,”saidMacKinnon.Hesaidhiscousin_____87_____ashippingbusinessandtheywouldbeabletotaketheshoes_____88_____._____89_____sheoriginallybelievedtheshoeswouldbesentinDecember,shegotaday'snoticeinOctoberthattheywouldhavetobesentinacontaineralmost_____90_____.MacKinnonsaidshehopedshecouldsetanexampleforotherstogetinvolvedinhelpingtheworld'spoor.71．A．arriving B．returning C．hearing D．communicating72．A．helpout B．figureout C．pointout D．sendout73．A．through B．across C．throughout D．over74．A．food B．money C．shoes D．clothes75．A．suddenly B．rarely C．hardly D．just76．A．came B．left C．asked D．sought77．A．collect B．make C．purchase D．design78．A．job B．order C．word D．event79．A．inquired B．thought C．worried D．heard80．A．countries B．children C．organizations D．adults81．A．means B．chance C．reason D．decision82．A．diabetes B．psychology C．cancer D．school83．A．comfort B．introduce C．meet D．encourage84．A．consulted B．reminded C．warned D．convinced85．A．explanation B．education C．equipment D．evidence86．A．experience B．opinion C．salutation D．project87．A．manages B．promotes C．challenges D．measures88．A．inshort B．forfree C．forall D．incase89．A．When B．Since C．While D．Until90．A．immediately B．frequently C．anxiously D．casually（2022·重庆·一模）Gurnah,growingupinZanzibar,anislandoffthecoastofTanzania,wasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureonThursday.HeisthefirstBlackwriter____91____theprizesinceToniMorrisonin1993,andsomeobserverssawhis____92____asalongdelayedcorrective(矫正)afteryearsofEuropeanandAmericanNobellaureates(获得者).Inhis10novels,Gurnahhasoftenexploredthe____93____ofexile(流放)，identityandbelonging.They____94____“MemoryofDeparture”“PilgrimsWay”and“Dottie,”whichalldealwiththeimmigrant(移民)experienceinBritain.Gurnah’sfirstlanguageisSwahili,buthe____95____Englishashisliterarylanguage.HedrewontheimageryandstoriesfromtheQuran,____96____fromArabicandPersianpoetry,particularly“TheArabianNights.”ThenewsofGumah’sNobel____97____byfellownovelistsandacademicswhohavelongarguedthathis____98____deserveawideraudience.GurnahwasborninZanzibar,whichisnow____99____ofTanzania,in1948.Then,in1964,hefledtoEngland.____100____,poor,homesick,hebegantowritescraps(片段)inhisdiary,then____101____entries,thenstoriesaboutotherpeople.Inhis20s,hestarted____102____fiction.Thenhefinishedhisfirstnovel,“MemoryofDeparture,”aboutayoungmanwhofleesafaileduprising,atthesametimehewaswritinghisPh.D．dissertation(论文).____103____,hebecameaprofessorofEnglish.ThoughGurnahhasn’tlivedinTanzaniasincehewasa____104____,hishomelandalwaysinspireshimofhisimagination.____105____,hesaid“myhomelandalwaysassertsmyselfinmyimagination,evenwhenIdeliberatelytrytosetmystorieselsewhere”.91．A．toreceive B．toconfirm C．tosearch D．toappreciate92．A．section B．selection C．collection D．consultation93．A．themes B．opinions C．passages D．suggestions94．A．explode B．conclude C．provide D．include95．A．advised B．adapted C．adopted D．affected96．A．asmuchas B．aslongas C．asoftenas D．aswellas97．A．wasawarded B．wasdiscussed C．wascelebrated D．wassuspected98．A．jobs B．works C．labors D．careers99．A．part B．name C．home D．country100．A．Admirable B．Respectable C．Fashionable D．Miserable101．A．higher B．longer C．stronger D．heavier102．A．reading B．hearing C．writing D．watching103．A．Afterwards B．Forwards C．Backwards D．Frontwards104．A．writer B．teenager C．scholar D．professor105．A．Asaresult B．Atthesametime C．Ontheotherhand D．Inhisownword（2022·广东佛山·一模）Manypeople,whoselivesarefilledwithonefortunateeventafteranother,don’tunderstandhowtheotherhalf,the_106_halflives.LuisJ.Rodriguezinhisautobiography,AlwaysRunning,bringsthe___107___intohisworldwithin-depthdescriptionsofhis__108__.AftermovingfromMexicotoAmericaattheageoftwo,Rodriguez_109_onthestreetsofLosAngeles.Hisyouthisfilledwithdrugs,gangviolence,andracismagainstMexicans.Byhislateteens,Rodriguezhasalready_110_itall,andistryingtogetawayfromit.AsRodrigueztookmethroughhislife,Iexperiencedmany__111__:hatredashedescribesthepolice;fearduringgangwars;_112_whenhemakesadifferenceinhiscommunity.Rodriguez’sintentionoftellinghisstoryistohelpothersavoidthepainandsufferingheexperienced,andtoshowkidstheycan__113__thattypeoflife.Becausethat’snotalifeI’veeverknown,thebook

didn’thavethat_114_onme,butIwasabletounderstandhisdifficulties.Rodriguez__115__seesachancetoleaveandtriestobringhisfriendswithhim.___116___forthem,leavingthatlifeislikedesertingtheirfamily,andtheyarestill_117_togetoutofpain.Readingthisbookislikeawake-upcall:youseehow__118__others’livesareandfeelextremelyluckyforwhatyouhave.His_119_isthatit’salwayspossibletoextricate(解救)yourself.WhenRodriguezis16,herealizesgangwars,racism,andhatredmuststop.Iftheworldwereableto_120_this,futuregenerationswouldn’thavetolivethatkindoflife.106．A．unlucky B．brave C．homeless D．poor107．A．runner B．reader C．victim D．friend108．A．youth B．country C．family D．change109．A．runsbusiness B．goesshopping C．looksaround D．growsup110．A．done B．defeated C．experienced D．described111．A．struggles B．pains C．emotions D．wonders112．A．pride B．gratitude C．disbelief D．uncertainty113．A．treasure B．rebuild C．sacrifice D．escape114．A．value B．effect C．stress D．control115．A．instantly B．probably C．eventually D．effortlessly116．A．Uninterestingly B．Unfortunately C．Amazingly D．Naturally117．A．likely B．ready C．unwilling D．unable118．A．different B．meaningless C．plain D．adventurous119．A．promise B．achievement C．message D．story120．A．study B．recognize C．predict D．reserve参考答案：1．B2．D3．C4．B5．D6．A7．B8．C9．C10．D11．C12．A13．D14．B15．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么在美国现在越来越少的青少年推迟那些长期被视为成人仪式的活动，主要的原因还是在于生活模式的不同。1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们坚持做G级活动，如攀岩或谈论书籍。A.Therefore因此；B.Rather相反；C.Moreover而且；D.Besides另外。此处参加G级活动“攀岩或谈论书籍”与前文“theydon'tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswiththeirdates（他们不会喝啤酒，也不会和约会对象开着车到处兜风）”前后转折。故选B项。2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究显示，青少年越来越推迟那些长期以来被视为成年仪式的活动。A.childhood童年；B.neighborhood邻居；C.adolescents青少年；D.adulthood成年。根据下文“The

___14___of“adultactivities””可知，此处为“成年仪式的活动”。故选D项。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：周二发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的研究发现，自1976年以来，美国青少年中有驾照、试过酒、约会和打工的比例急剧下降，在过去十年中降幅最大。A.escapes逃跑；B.ends结束；C.decreases减少；下降；D.changes变化。根据下文“Thedeclinesappeared”可知，此处为“比例下降”。故选C项。4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以肯定的是，超过一半的青少年仍在从事这些活动，但大多数人已大幅减少。A.minorities少数；B.majorities多数；C.masses大量；D.amounts金额。根据空前“Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities（可以肯定的是，超过一半的青少年仍然从事这些活动）”，在结合“but”可知，前后为转折关系，可以推断，此处应指“大多数”已经大幅减少了。故选B项。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们说，“哦，这是因为青少年更负责任、更懒惰、更无聊”，但是他们没有看到这个更大的趋势。A.taking采用；B.avoiding避免；C.sending发送；D.missing错过。根据后文指明更大趋势是“becauseintoday'ssociety,theynolongerneedto（因为在今天的社会，他们不再需要这样做了）”可知，此空前后都是分析原因，故此处为人们“忽略”了更大趋势。故选D项。6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，她说，孩子们可能对约会、开车或找工作等活动不太感兴趣，因为在当今社会，他们不再需要这样做。A.interested感兴趣的；B.envied羡慕的；C.relieved解除；D.realized实现。根据前文“thepercentageofadolescentsintheU.S.whohaveadriver'slicense,whohavetriedalcohol,whodate,andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitousdecreasesinthepastdecade.（自1976年以来，美国青少年中有驾照、试过酒、约会和打工的比例直线下降，在过去十年中降幅最大。）”可以推断，此处应为“青少年可能对约会、开车或找工作等活动不太感兴趣”，且“beinterestedin”意为“对……感兴趣”，是固定搭配。故选A项。7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据进化心理学理论研究称，一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快，暴露在“恶劣和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展，而资源更丰富和安全的环境则会产生相反的效果。A.emotions情绪；B.surroundings周围环境；C.customs风俗；D.habits习惯。根据后文“exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable"environmentleadstofasterdevelopment（暴露在“严酷和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展）”可以推断，此处为“一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快”。故选B项。8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据进化心理学理论研究称，一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快，暴露在“恶劣和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展，而资源更丰富和安全的环境则会产生相反的效果。A.wrong错误的；B.same相同的；C.opposite对面的；D.similar类似的。前文“a"harshandunpredictable"environment（“严酷和不可预测的”环境）”与“amoreresource-richandsecureenvironment（资源更丰富和安全的环境）”形成对比，可以推断，此处为“产生相反的效果”。故选C项。9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在第一种情况下，你会有很多孩子，处于生存模式中。A.event事件；B.issue发行；C.

case案例，情况；D.occasion场合。根据后文“fewerresources（更少的资源）”可知，此句是对第一种情况“恶劣和不可预测的环境”的举例，故此处应指“第一种情况”。故选C项。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：会有更多的疾病和更少的资源。A.trouble麻烦；B.questions问题；C.benefits好处；D.diseases疾病。此处是对第一种情况“恶劣和不可预测的环境发展”的举例，应与“fewerresources（更少的资源）”并列，突出环境的恶劣和不可预测，可以推断，此处为“更多的疾病”。故选D项。11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这种模式下，十几岁的男孩可能会更认真地考虑结婚问题，研究称，开车和打工对于“在获取资源的基础上建立配偶价值”很重要。A.respectively分别；B.delicately精致地；C.seriously认真地；D.considerably相当大。根据前文“exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable"environmentleadstofasterdevelopment（暴露在“严酷和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展）”，且此处为在恶劣和不可预测环境的情况，可以推断，此处应为“更认真地考虑结婚问题”。故选C项。12．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：特温格说，但美国正在更多地转向较慢的经济模式，而且这种变化在各个社会经济阶层都很明显。A.slower慢一点；B.better更好；C.smaller较小；D.faster更快。上文是发展快的例子，结合空前“ButAmericaisshiftingmoretoward”可知，美国人开始转变了，前后转折，与上文“发展快”是相反的情况，可以推断，此处为“美国正在更多地转向较慢的经济模式”。故选A项。13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：家庭变小了，孩子需要被仔细教育的观念已经深入人心。A.emphasized强调；B.related相关；C.organized组织；D.educated教育。根据前文“Eveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn'thaveacollegeeducation（即使是在父母没有接受过大学教育的家庭）”可以推断，此处应表示“即使在父母没有接受过大学教育的家庭里，仍然重视教育”。故选D项。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“成人活动”的推迟不能归因于更多的作业或课外活动。A.implement实施；B.postponement延期；C.achievement成就；D.payment付款。根据前文“teenagersareincreasinglydelayingactivitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageintoadulthood.（青少年越来越推迟那些长期以来被视为成年仪式的活动。）”可以推断，此处为“成人活动的推迟”。故选B项。15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：报告称，智能手机和互联网的使用也不完全是原因，因为智能手机和互联网的使用在普及之前就已经开始减少了。A.cause原因；B.impact影响；C.fact事实；D.result结果。根据前文“couldnotbeattributedto”可知，此处讲的是“成人活动推迟的原因”。故选A项。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第7小题，根据后文“exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable"environmentleadstofasterdevelopment（暴露在“严酷和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展）”可以推断，此处为“一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快”。故选B项。16．B17．D18．B19．C20．A21．D22．B23．C24．A25．D26．B27．A28．D29．C30．A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述两项新的研究为人类进化这个谜团增加了更深入的信息。16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项研究报道了一个可能的人属额外成员。A.faint虚弱无力的；B.potential可能的；C.routine日常的；D.fake假的。根据上文“Twonewstudiesaddfurtherpiecestothejigsawpuzzlethatishumanevolution.”可知，这两项研究对人类进化有了进一步的了解，所以应该是发现了可能的人属成员。故选B。17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个则阐明了中东地区三个人种杂交的可能性。A.soil土壤；B.air空气；C.water水；D.light光。根据下文“possibleinterbreedingbetweenthreehumanspeciesintheMiddleEast”可知，这一项研究是发现了中东地区三个人种杂交的可能性。castlighton表示“照亮，阐明，揭露”的意思。故选D。18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人属隆吉——通过拉丁语，从汉语进入英语的“龙人”——不是一个新奇的发现，而是一个对已经存在的重新解读。A.secret秘密的；B.novel新奇的；C.relative有关的；D.reverse倒转的。根据下文“anexistingone”可知，这是已经存在的，不是新奇的。故选B。19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个头盖骨于1933年在哈尔滨被挖掘出来，并保存在石家庄的河北地质大学。A.headed朝……去；B.handled解决；C.held握住，拥有；D.handed递送。根据上文“Thecranium（头盖）inquestionwasdugupinHarbinin1933”可知，这个头盖骨于1933年在哈尔滨被挖掘出来之后，接下来要被保存下来。故选C。20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它14万6千岁了，并且最初被认为是古代智人的标志。A.originally最初；B.independently独立地；C.unexpectedly意料之外地；D.inevitably不可避免地。根据下文“ButNiXijunandJiQiang,whoworkattheuniversity,disagree.AstheyreportintheInnovation,thecraniumwouldindeedhavecontainedabrainsimilarinsizetoamodernhuman’s,butthefossilistoolargetobesapiensandhasmolarsandeyesocketswhichdwarfthoseofpeopletoday”可知，后来有人对它质疑，所以只是在最初的时候被人们认为是智人的标志。故选A。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它缺少现代人类头盖骨的圆润。A.laziness懒惰；B.selfishness自私；C.effectiveness有效；D.roundness圆润。根据上文“DrNiandDrJialsorealisedthatitistoolongandlowtobesapiens.”可知，倪博士和纪博士说它太长太低，所以是不圆润。故选D。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对近代非洲起源理论的支持者们来说是个好消息，这条理论认为，当今活着的大部分非非洲人类都是少量移民的后裔，那些移民是大约6万年前从非洲好望角进入亚洲的，这意味着在此之前的任何非非洲人类化石，很可能是另一个更早的离开了非洲的非智人的物种后裔。A.directors董事；B.supporters支持者；C.investors投资者；D.reminders提醒。根据下文“whichholdsthatmostnon-Africanhumanbeingsalivetodayaredescendantsofasmallnumberofmigrantswho8toAsiafromtheHornofAfricaabout60,000yearsago,”可知，这些人是近代非洲起源理论的支持者们。故选B。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第7题详解。A.took带走；B.left离开；C.crossed横跨；D.toured旅行。根据下文“toAsiafromtheHornofAfrica”可知，这些人从非洲好望角到亚洲，是横跨非亚大陆。故选C。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过把它和已知的古人类，包括直立人、佛罗勒斯人、海德堡人和尼安德特人等相比，倪博士和纪博士总结出，它不是他们中的任何一种，并且因此，一定是新的科学，所以值得它自己的名字。A.comparing比较；B.applying申请；C.referring提到；D.persisting坚持。根据下文“itwithknownarchaichumans,includingHomoerectus,Homofloresiensis,HomoheidelbergensisandHomoneanderthalensis”可知，是把这个头骨和已知的古人类相比较。故选A。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第9题详解。A.excluded排除；B.included包括；C.mentioned提到；D.concluded总结。根据下文“thatitwasnoneofthem,andmustthereforebenewtoscienceandsoworthyofitsownname.”可知，这是倪博士和纪博士在做了对比之后得出的结论。故选D。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而