高考英语阅读理解动词短语精讲讲练

马鞍山市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（3）及答案AIhadmadeupmymindalongtimeagothatIwouldnotgiveahomelesspersonmoney,becauseIcouldneverbesurewhatthatmoneywouldbeusedfor.Instead,Idecided,Iwouldbuythemasand-wich,acolddrinkonahotday,acupofcoffee,whateverIcouldmanage.IwasoutrecentlyandsawahomelessmanoutsideofaStarbucks.SoIdroppedanotherfewcoinsinandwentintotheStarbucks.IdecidedIwouldbuythismanlunch.Iboughtasandwichandsoda.JustasIwasleavingthestore,twopolicemenwereapproachingtheman.Obviouslytheshopownershadcomplainedofhiswanderingandthepoliceweretheretodrawhimawayfromthestorefronts.Justastheywereahouttowakehim,IaskedoneoftheofficersifitwasallrightifIjustgavethemansomethingbeforehewent.IwasnotsurewhyIaskedthepermissionhutthepolicemansaidsureandIjustleftthebagintheman'scart,gotinmycaranddroveoff.AsIwasdrivingoffIrememberthinking,"Ihopepeoplesawthat".ThenIhadtoseriouslyaskmyselfwhyIhopedpeoplehadseenmegivethemanasandwichfromStarbucks.WasitbecauseIwantedpeopletothink,"She'ssuchaniceperson!"?WhydidIhopeothershadseenmedoit?continuedtowonderthisallevening.Thenextmoningitcametome.IwantedpeopletohavewitnessedthatsmallactofkindnessnotsothatIwouldreceivecreditandpraisebutsothattheymightbeinspiredtodothesameandinsodoingthatothersstillwouldwitnesstheiractsofkindness.Thusthewholespiritofpityandgivingwouldbelasting.56.Theunderlinedword"Starbucks"inthesecondparagraphisthenameofa_A.shop.B.hookstoreC.hankD.man57.Whentheauthorsawthehomelessman,hewas_A.beggingoutsideB.buyinggoodsC.stayingawakeD.fallingasleep58.What'sthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toshowtheauthorisgreat..zxxkB.Toencouragepeopletohelpothers.C.Tointroduceanexperiencethatchangedtheauthor.D.Tocallonpeoplenottogivemoneytoahomelessman.59.Theauthorcanbebestdescribedas_A.bad-temperedB.hard-workingC.kind-heartedD.self-confident参考答案*********************************************************结束Atthemiddleschoollevel,therearemanyacademicclubsinwhichstudentscanparticipate.Stu-dentscanchooseclubsthatfocusonanareaofinterest.MathcountsClubMathcountstriestoincreaseexcitementtowardsmathematicachievement.Ithopestoprovidestu-dentswiththefoundationforsuccessinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematicscareers.Schoolsselectindividualsandteamstoparticipateincompetitions.LocalcompetitionsareheldinFebruarywithwinnersprogressingtostatecompetitionsandthentothenationallevel.Mathcountsworkstochallengestudents'mathskills,developself-confidenceandgiverewardsfortheirachieve-ments.EnvirothonTheEnvirothonprogramfocusesonnaturalresourcesknowledgeandexposesstudentstodiverse(多种的)environmentalissues,andecosystem.Theecologyfieldcompetitionforfive-memhermid-dleschoolteamsofferscompetitionsinwildlife,soilforestry,andcurrentenvironmentalissues.Stu-dentsworkandlearninmiddleschoolclubsandcancompeteatthelocalandstatelevel.FutureProblemSolversFutureProblemSolversisanacademicclubthatusesasix-stepprocesstosolveproblemsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Studentswhoareinthetalentedandgiftedprogram,wholiketo"thinkout-sidethebox"orwhoenjoythinkingaboutfuturisticproblemsmaylikethisclub.Teamsmadeupoffourstudentsreadfuturescenesandwriteupsolutionsinabookletusingthesix-stepprocess.Teamsthatscorehighenoughcangotothestatecompetitionandthentotheinternationalcompetition.BuildersClubBuildersclubisopentoanynuddleschoolstudentwhowishestoperformcommunityservice.EachBuildersClubisco-sponsoredhyaKiwanisclubandamiddleschool.Thememberslearnbydo-ing,andtheylearnorganization,team-work,andleadership.BuildersClubscansponsora"TeacheroftheYear"program,providearecyclingcollectionpoint,andorganizecannedfoodandclothingtosupportlocalshelters.Middleschoolacademicclubsofferstudentsaplacetoexploreinterestsortalents.Theclubtheyjoininmiddleschoolcanhelpguidechoicesinhighschoolandbeyond.60.StudentschoosingMathcountsClubcouldA.studywildlifeandsoilB.gethelpinsciencecareers.C.performcommunityserviceD.enjoysolvingfutureproblems61.Ifyouenjoythinkingaboutfuturisticproblems,_isagoodchoiceforyou.A.MathcountsClubB.BuildersClubC.EnvirothonD.FutureProblemSolvers62.ThestudentswhoarenotinterestedincompetitionswouldliketochooseA.BuildersClubB.MathcountsClub.C.FutureProblemSolversD.Envirothon63.Whatisthecommonfeatureofthefourclubs?A.Competitions.B.LeadershipC.Explorationoftalents.D.Scientificresearches.参考答案动词和动词词组热点2常见动词近义词辨析常见动词近义词很多，有必要掌握以下常见词类：1.关于win,defeat,beat和gain(1)win作“赢”讲时，其宾语常是：war,battle,game,match,argument,avictory,theprize,100yuan,arace,honorfor,thepraise,thefirstplace…等，而不能是表示人的名词。(2)beat及物动词，后面的宾语是“对手”，表示结果。如：beatsb.in…在比赛、战斗、争论中击败某人。beathimattabletennis在乒乓球赛中击败他(3)defeatsb.在战斗、战争、比赛中击败对手。强调暂时行为。如：defeattheenemyinthewar在战争中击败敌人(4)gain及物动词，表示“获得、赢得所需之物/利益或好处”。如：gainexperience/wealth/areputation/thetime/themarks/therank/theprize/one’srespect/success/knowledge/one’sliving/happiness/asalary/anhonor…。[典例1]Ourbasketballteam____theirsbyascoreof100:98.A.wonB.defeatC.beatD.gained解析C近义词辨析题。根据win不和theirs(theirteams)搭配；defeat与sb.连接；gain常有“获得……”，也不与theirs搭配。只有beat与“（击败的）对手”搭配，强调结果，故选C。2.关于fit,suit和match(1)fit作及物动词，表示“适合、配上、合身”。如：Thiscoatfitshernicely.这件外套非常合适。Thekeydoesn’tfitthelock,这把钥匙不合这把锁。（2）作形容词，表示“适合、健康”》常构成befitfor。如：Heisfitforthejob,他适合这份工作。Thewaterisfittodrink.这水适合喝。（3）作不及物动词，表示“吻合、合身”。如：Doesthecoatfit?这件大衣合身吗？（4）suit作适合，常强调颜色、款式等适合某人，而fit则强调大小合身。如：Thatcolordoesn’tsuityourcomplexion(肤色)。这颜色不适合你的肤色。（5）match表示“在（品质、颜色、设计等方面）与……相配”。如：Carpetsshouldmatchthecurtains.地毯必须与窗帘区配。[典例2]Theredtieyouboughtdoesn’t______mycoat.A.fitB.fitforC.suitD.match解析D近义词辨析题目。fit作及物动词，表示大小合身；作不及物动词，强调“吻合”；作形容词，则须用befitfor;suit强调“款式合适”，只有match强调“与……匹配”。故选D。3.关于cost,spend,take和pay(1)从意义上讲，都可表示“花钱”。如：“我花10元钱买衬衣”。这一句话可有四种翻译：Theshirtcostmetenyuan.Ispenttenyuanontheshirt.Ittookmetenyuantobuytheshirt.Ipaidtenyuanfortheshirt.(2)结构搭配上的不同①spend的主语只能是人。常用结构：sb.+spend(s)+time/moneyonsth./indoingsth.②cost的主语只能是指事或物的名词、代词或名词性短语。常用结构：sth.+cost(s)+sb.+time/money③take的主语多为指物的名词。常用结构：It+takes+time/money+todosth.④pay的主语是人，为买某物而付钱。常用结构：sb.+pay(s)+money+forsth.[典例3]I_____thecoatinthesupermarketfor260yuan.A.costB.paidC.pentD.bought解析D近义词辨析题。用cost,则主谓搭配不当；用pay，则260yuan作宾语；用spend,则与for260yuan搭配不当；应选用buy,其用法和搭配均与句意吻合。4.关于hurt,wound,injure和harm(1)hurt:表示“肉体或情感上的痛苦，强调疼痛感”。如：Manypeoplewerehurtwhenabusandatruckcollided.一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞，许多人受了伤。（2）wound:表示“由于剑、刀、枪等锐器造成身体上较严重的外伤，特别是在战争中受伤”。如：Thesoldierwaswoundedinthearm.这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。（3）injure:表示“指意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害”。如：Thereweretwopeopleinjuredinthecaraccident.有两个人在车祸中受了伤。（4）harm:表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或损失，其对象可以是自己，也可以是其他人或物”。如：Ourdogwon’tharmyou.我们的狗不会伤害你的。Gettingupearlywon’tharmyou!早起对你没有坏处。[典例4]Therewasanunexpectedexplosioninourstreet,butourbuildingwasn’t_____atall.A.hurtB.woundedC.harmedD.injured解析C近义词辨析题目。hurt强调“精神或肉体上的疼痛”；wound强调“刀、枪伤”；harm强调“危害、损失”；injure强调“意外伤害”。名意为：我们住的街道发生了一次意外的爆炸事故，但我们的大楼却丝毫没有受损。故用harmed合句意。重点1两种常错常考的可作谓语的动词1.几组拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词hanghangedhanged(绞死)laylaidlaid(放置)hanghunghung(悬挂)lieliedlied