2023年4月外刊经贸知识选读试题真题答案

202320234月自学考试外刊经贸学问选读试题120234月自学考试外刊经贸学问选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题〔15230分〕在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组错选、多项选择或未选均无分。Whileexportsarereasonablyrobust,domesticconsumptionremainsmoribund—asignofthecountry’scommonanxietyaboutthefuture.stagnant B.movingC.dynamic D.motivatedIfthathappens,thebacklashfromMr.Obama’ssupporterscouldbefearful.support B.backingC.deduction D.oppositionTheconceptthatwecanturnthisaroundrightnowispatentlyridiculous.patiently B.rightlyC.pervasively D.obviouslyTomovetheJapanesegovernment,Washingtonmustmoveanentirenation.remove B.touchC.influence D.changeEvenduringbuoyanteconomicgrowth,unemploymentremainsashighas10%.slow B.vigorousC.floating D.slackeningTheconsumerswelcomedtheslashinmeatprices.remarkabledrop B.obviousdivisionC.vigorousgrowth D.apparentriseIn1991,forthesecondyearinarow,theeconomiesoflowincomeandmiddle-incomecountriesvirtuallystagnated.repeatedlyB.successivelyC.respectively D.successfullyAnumberofeconomicsandpoliticalblogshaverecentlycaughtontothepoliticalfuturesmarketcraze,particularlyfocusingonIntrade(thepopularsitewherepeoplecanbeton,amongotherthings,thepresidentialelections).indefinitetime B.nearfutureC.prospectivetime D.commoditiestransactedatafuturedateSmallmanufacturersservingnichemarketsandwealthycustomersareprovingrecessionproof.mainstreammarkets B.large-scalemarketsC.targetablemarkets D.currentmarketsYoucanalsosegmentyourtargetsbysizeofbusinessbasedonnumberofemployeesortotalsales.A.divide B.seekC.shoot D.narrowFallingsalesinThailandwereoffsetbygoodreturnsinothermarkets.A.influenced B.balancedC.offended D.bargainedThenewtradeagreementhasfacilitatedeconomicgrowth.A.madeeasier B.madeslowerC.mademoredifficult D.mademorecomplicatedItisanareainwhichABCCompanyreignssupreme.A.rapidest B.mostfamousC.highestinrankorposition D.deepestSpeculatorsprofitedhandsomelysincethepricefluctuatedfromthe1990s.A.wasstable B.wasflexibleC.wasvolatile D.wasregularThepropertywillbesoldtopayofftheircreditors.A.owners B.borrowersC.loaners D.believers二、将以下英语单词或词组译成中文〔本大题共10110分〕vestedinterestswholesalerahermitnationbuzzwordinsolvencytaketitlemarketregulationpublictendercountervailingdutyconsortium三、将以下汉语词组译成英文〔本大题共10110分〕26．反通胀政策贸易制裁产地证明书市场动力转让人现货市场常常工程收盘价34．出口配额制35．效劳贸易四、简答题〔本大题共6小题，每题3分，共18分〕Passage1ForSouthKoreaasawhole,thatseemsasmuchaprophecyasanambition.LikeJapaninthe1960s,thecountryispoisedforanassaultontheworld’sexportmarkets.Itssurging$81billioneconomyischurningoutafloodofincreasinglysophisticatedproducts,fromshoes,toysandtelephonestovideorecordersandmicroprocessors.Korea’smightyconglomeratesdominateMiddleEastconstruction,andtheycommandkeysharesoftheworld’sshipbuilding,textileandsteelindustries.Theiraffiliates,jointventuresandsubsidiariesgirdletheglobe,stretchingfromAustralia,IndonesiaandIndiatoNorway,SpainandGabon,HyundaiandDaewoo,withannualsalesof$10billionand$6billionrespectively,arepushingintotheU.Sautomarket,rivetingtheattentionofAmericanandJapanesemanufacturers.Anothercolossus,the$9billionSamsung,hasstartedmarketinga“supertech”256Kcomputerchip-encouragingsomeKoreanstospeakconfidentlyofthedaywhentheywillbecometheworld’ ssecondlargestmanufacturerofbasicelectroniccomponents,outstrippingAmericaandrunningjustbehindJapan.Pleaserewritethefirstsentenceofthepassageinplainerwords,havingthecentralideasclarified.Istheclauseintroducedbytheunderlined“when”anadverbialclauseoranattributiveone?What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“outstripping”inthelastsentence?Passage2Computerizeddatastorageandelectronicmailweretohaveheraldedthepaperlessoffice.But,contrarytoexpectations,paperconsumptionthroughouttheworldshowsnosignofabating.Infact,consumption,especiallyofprintingandwritingpapers,continuestoincrease.Worlddemandforpaperandboardisnowexpectedtogrowfasterthanthegeneraleconomicgrowthinthenext15years.StrongdemandwillbeunderpinnedbythegrowingindustrializationofSouth-EastAsia,thereemergenceofpaperpackaging,greateruseoffacsimilemachinesandphotocopies,andthepopularityofdirect-mailadvertising.Itispossiblethatby2023,worldpaperandboarddemandwillreach455milliontons,comparedwith241milliontonsin1991.Thepulpandpaperindustryhasnotbeenbadlyaffectedbytheelectronictechnologiesthatpromisedapaperlesssociety.Butwhathasradicallyalteredtheindustry’sstructureispressurefromanotherfront -amoreenvironmentallyconscioussocietydrivinganirreversiblemovetowardscleanerindustrialproduction.Theenvironmentalconsequencesofantiquatedpulpmillpracticesandtechnologieshadmarkedthisindustryasoneinneedofreform.Graphicdescriptionsofdeformedfishandthinningpopulations,particularlyintheBalticSeawhereoldpulpmillshaddischargeduntreatedeffluentfor100years,havedisturbedtheinternationalcommunity.Untilthe1950s,itwascommonforpulpmillsandotherindustriestodischargeuntreatedeffluentintoriversandseas.Theenvironmentaleffectswereatthetimeeithernotunderstood,orregardedasanacceptablecostofeconomicprosperityinanincreasinglyimport-orientedworldeconomy.Butgreaterenvironmentalawarenesshasspurredafundamentalchangeinattitudeinthecommunity,inmovementandinindustryitself.Sincetheearly1980s,mostoftheworld-scalepulpmillsintheScandinaviaandNorthAmericahavemodernizedtheiroperations,outlayingsubstantialamountstoimproveproductionmethods.Changesinmilldesignandprocesseshavebeenaimedatminimizingtheenvironmentaleffectsofeffluentdischargewhileatthesametimeproducingpulpwiththewhitenessandstrengthdemandedbytheinternationalmarket.Theenvironmentalimpetusistakingthisindustryevenfurther,withthefocusnowondevelopingprocessesthatmayeveneliminatewaste-waterdischarges.Buttheghostoftheoldmillscontinuesfaceafloodofenvironment-relatedlegislation.InGermany,companiesarenowbeingheldresponsibleforthewastetheycreate.Whathasthepulpandpaperindustrybeengreatlyaffectedbythesedays?Inthepast,whatwastheprobablepricethattheenvironmentaleffectsofpulpmillpracticeshadtopay?Whyhavesomepapermillsrecentlymodernizedtheirmilldesign?〔本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分〕Passage1TheInternationalMonetaryFundrecentlyforecastthatEastAsiaissettocontinueitseconomicboomforthenextfewyears.YetSonyannouncedthatitwillnolongerexporttelevisionsetsfromJapanbecauseitcannotpricethemcompetitively.ListentoSony.EveninagrowingmarketsuchasAsia,costscount.Andformanybusinesses,Asiaisbeginningtocosttoomuch.EastAsia’seconomicmiracleisbestsummedupasthebiggestpriceundercutinhistory.Theregiongrewbecauseitwasthecheapestsourceforthelow-technologyconsumergoodsthattheWestcraved.HongKongandSouthKoreadidnotinventnewormoreefficientmanufacturingtechniques;theysimplyboughtmarketsharewithlowwages.ButthesamemarketforcethatledbuyersfromAmericaandEuropetoTaiwanandJapan30yearsagoisnowworkingagainstAsiannationsastheytrytoupgradetheirindustries.Yearsago,anAsianfactoryturningoutshirtswascompetingagainsthuge,unionizedfactoriesinNorthCarolinaandManchester.Today,ashirt-makerinsouthChinahastocompetewith100otherguysinhisowncountry,20factoriesinIndia,5inthePhilippinesandreinvigoratedandhighlyefficientnewplantsintheU.SandEurope.Sony,Hewlett-PackardandFordneedacompetitivebusinessenvironmentthatisbasedonmorethancheappairsofhands.InmuchofEastAsia,inadequateroads,seaportsandairports,telecommunications andotherinfrastructure,highrents,shortageofmanagersandskilledtechnicians,corruptionand,aboveall,governmentinterferencearenowthedecidingfactorswhenmultinationalcorporationschoosetokeepproductioninNorthAmericaorEuroperatherthanswitchittoAsia.Everyday,IseecostsplacingAsiannationsatadisadvantagecomparedwiththeir“cheaper”Westerncompetitors.Inshipping,forinstance,terminalexpensesinJapanandHongKongaretwoorthreetimeshigherthanthoseoftheU.S.A.’sbusiestWestcoastports.Totruckacontainer100milesdownfromsouthernChinatoHongKongcostsmorethantoshipthesamecontainerfromtheUnitedStatesorEuropetoHongKong.TheauthorsuggeststhatbusinessesshouldpaymoreattentiontoSony’sdecisionforthesimplereasonthatSony’sideaactuallyrepresentsthatoftheJapanesemanufacturers.Asianeconomicgrowthwasprimarilybasedontheircheapexportsratherthanhigh-techinnovations.SomemanufacturersoftheadvancedwesterncountrieswerehesitantaboutmovingtoAsiaonlyfortherewasashortageofcompetentmanagers.WhentheauthorarguedthattodobusinessinAsiaistooexpensive,hewasonlymakingcomparisonbetweendoingbusinessinAsiainthepastandtoday.Fromthispassage,wecangetthattheauthorimpliestheAsiancountriesarenotsoefficientinmanufacturing.Passage2It’sabrutaltimeinretail-salesdropped2.7%inDecember,thesixthstraightmonthofdeclines,and0.1%for2023,thefirstannualdipongovernmentrecordsdatingbackto1992.Itwastheworstholidayshoppingseasonin40years.NameoutletslikeCircuitCityandLinens’nThingshavegonebankrupt.Who’snext?Predictingwhichcompanieswillgounderisanotoriouslytrickybusiness,andwewon’ttry that.Butherearefivestrugglingretailerswhosefuturesaredefinitelycloudy,withalookathowtheyhopetosurvive.Talbots,thespecialtyclothingretailer,whichtargetswomenover35,hasrunoutofsteamoverthepast year.Talbots’same-storesalesweredown13.9%inthethirdquarterof2023,andthechainlost$14.8millionduringthattime.Thecompany’sill-fated$400millionpurchaseofwomen’sapparelshopJ.Jillin2023burdeneditsdebtload.“What’shurtingthemmorethananythingisthatthey’vegotlotsofdebtontheirbalancesheet,”saysBettyChen,aretailanalystatWedbushMorganSecurities.Talbotshasshuttereditsmen’s,kidsandU.K.businesses,andisshoppingforabuyerforJ.Jill.Goodluckfindingoneintoday’smarket.Earlierthismonth,investorsreceivedsomeencouragementwhenthecompanysecureda$150millioncreditlinefromthreeJapanesebanks.In2023Talbotsalsosecureda$50millioncreditfacilityfromAeon(U.S.A.)Inc.,awhollyownedsubsidiaryofJ apan’sAeonCo.Ltd.andthemajorityshareholderofTalbots.TheCircuitCityandLinens’nThingsareveryfamouschainstoresinAmericabeforetheywentbankrupt.Theretailsalesdroppedforsixconsecutivemonths.Talbot’smajorconsumersarethosewomenwhoareyoungerthan35.Talbot’sbuyingofJ.Jillhashelpedittoovercomethefinancialdifficulties.Japan’sAeonCo.LtdisamothercompanyofAeon(U.S.A.)Inc.六、翻译题〔本大题12分〕Consumerpricespostedtheirsmallestincreaseinmorethan50yearsin2023.Agovernmentreporttoday(Friday)saidthesaggingeconomyiskeepinginflationincheck,andslashingdemandforenergy.SeriousU.S.economicproblemsareatthetopofPresident-electBarackObama’sagendaashetriestorallypublicsupportforaplantostiwithgovernmentspendingandtaxcuts.Mr.Obamahassaidhehopestocreatehalfamillionjobswithinvestmentsincleanenergyprojects.一、1:A句意：当出口业相当稳定时，国内消费却停滞不前——预示着一个国家对将来的普遍担忧。moribund的意思是“停滞不前的stagnant意为“不流淌的，不活泼的movingdynamicmotivated意为“被鼓励的；成„„的动机stagnant与划线单词的意思最接近，故此题选A。2:D句意：假设那〔种状况〕发生了，则来自奥巴马的支持者的猛烈反响将是可怕的。backlash在句中的意思是“猛烈反响〔对supportbacking的意思是“支持；衬托deduction的意思是“推论，推断opposition的意思是“抵抗，反对opposition与划线单词的意思最接近，故此题选D。3:D句意：认为我们能马上使这种局面好转起来的想法明显是荒唐的。patently意为“明显地，明显地patientlyrightlypervasivelyobviouslyobviously可替代划线单词，故答案选D。4:C句意：要想转变日本政府的观念，华盛顿政府必需转变日本整个民族的观念。move在句中的意思是“使转变观念〔想法removetouch的意思是“触摸；influence的意思是“影响，起作用change意为“转变可见，influence与划线单词意思最接近，故此题选C。5:B句意：即使在经济持续增长时，失业率仍高达10％。buoyant的意思是“活泼的；趋于上升的slowvigorous意为“强有力的；精力旺盛的slackening意为“使放慢〔减缓〕vigorous与buoyantB。6:A句意：消费者期望肉的价格大幅度削减。slash意为“大幅度削减〔价格或时间remarkabledrop意为“大幅度下降slashdivisionvigorousgrowth的意思是“大幅度增加apparentrise意为“明显的上升A。7:B1990年以来，低收入及中等收入国家的经济已连续两年停滞不前了。inarow在句中的意思是“连续地repeatedlysuccessivelysuccessfullysuccessively故此题选B。8:D句意：一些经济和政治博客最近捕获到了政治期货市场的热潮，尤其侧重于Intrade〔一个可供人们推测总统选举及其他事情的流行网站。futures意为“期货〔交易中indefinitetime意为“不确定的时间nearfutureprospectivetimecommoditiestransactedatafuturedate意为“在将来的某个日期要交易的商品D项为正确答案。9:C句意：效劳于特定群体市场的小生产者和富有的客户正在证明经济的衰退。nichemarkets意为“针对特定群体的市场。选项中mainstreammarkets意为“主流市场large scalemarkets意为“大规模市场targetablemarkets意为“目标市场currentmarkets意为“当前的市场。明显C项最接近线单词的意思，故此题选C。10:A句意：同时，你也可以在员工和总销量的根底上，依据公司规模的大小，把目标分割开来。segmentdivide〔配seekshootnarrowdividesegment最接近，故此题选A。11:B句意：泰国市场上销量的下降被其他市场上可观的收益给抵消了。offset意为“补偿，抵消influenced意为“使受影响balanced意为“使保持平衡；使均衡offended不悦〔快bargained意为“谈条件〔价钱B项意思与offset最接近，故此题选B。12:A句意：的贸易协议促进了经济的增长。facilitated意为“使变得简洁，使便利madeeasier意为“使变得更加简洁madeslower意为“使变得mademoredifficult意为“使变得更加困难mademorecomplicated意为“使变得更加简单见，A项与划线单词意思最接近，故此题选A。13:C句意：ABC公司在那个地区占有确定的市场。supreme意为“最高的rapidest意为“最快的mostfamous意为“最知名的highestinrankorposition意为“在等级或地位方面最高deepestC项为正确答案。14:C90年月价格波动以来，投机商们已获得了丰硕的收益。fluctuatedwasstablewasflexiblewasvolatilewasregularwasvolatile意思与fluctuated最接近，故此题选C。15:C句意：他们将卖掉房产以归还债权人。creditors意为“债权人，债主owners意为“物主；全部人borrowers意为“借款者，借方意为“借出者，债权人believersloaners意思与creditors最接近，故此题选C。(10110分)1:(P222)既得利益2:(P223)批发商3:(P236)一个闭关自守的国家4:(P237)时髦词语5:(P244)无归还力量6:(P350)取得全部权7:市场调整8:(P290)公开招标9:(P324)反补贴税10:(P283)财团；联合放款团三、将以下汉语词组译成英文(10110分)1:(P115)deinflatio