老高考适用2023高考英语一轮总复习第二编语法突破专题九介词和介词短语北师大版

专题九介词和介词短语1.(2021·浙江高考，37)In1844theyboughtit$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheirmarriageceremonyin1842.答案：for句意：1844年，他们以1,200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。固定短语buysthfor＋价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，65)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moresothefamiliarnearside.答案：than句意：月球的背面让科学家尤其感兴趣，因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据设空前的比较级moreso可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ，70)Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartistearth,MotherNature.答案：on句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为onearth。故填on。4．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷，45)Museumsmustcompetepeople'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.答案：for句意：博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语：competefor“为了……竞争”。故填for。5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，63)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackdogs,seventobeexact.答案：ofapackof是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。故填of。6．(2019·浙江高考，61)Theanswerthisquestionisnotclear.答案：totheanswerto...“……的答案”。故填to。7．(2021·全国乙卷，短文改错)Inmyopinion,studentscanbenefitalotdoingsomehousework.答案：doing前加frombenefitfromdoing...为固定用法，意为“得益于……”。故在doing前加from。8．(2021·全国甲卷，短文改错)Somewillturnouttotheirparentsorteachersforhelp.答案：去掉out句意：有些人会向父母或老师求助。turntosbforhelp是固定搭配，意为“求助于某人”。故去掉out。9．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)AfterthatIpouredoilintoapanandturnedoffthestove.答案：off→on句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据Ipouredoilintoapan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turnon。10．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)ThenIcansparesometimetolearnitagain,sothatwecanpracticetogetheroneveryday.答案：去掉on介词on后接的是具体时间。everyday表示“每一天”，前面不用任何介词修饰。故去掉on。一常用介词的意义续表二常见的复合介词复合介词基本词义例句accordingto依据，根据……Theydividedthemselvesintothreegroupsaccordingtoage.owingto因为……Owingtotheircarelessness,afirebrokeout.becauseof因为……Don'tbeangrybecauseofwhathesaid.Hemeantnoharm.thanksto多亏了……Thankstomyteacher'shelp,IgotthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechContest.续表复合介词基本词义例句asfor/to至于……Wehadadelightfulweekendinthecountry.Asforthetraffic,wehadnodifficulty.dueto由于……Mistakesduetocarelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences.apartfrom除……以外Apartfromthecost,thehatdoesn'tsuitme.exceptfor除了……(整体与部分的关系)Yourwritingisgoodexceptforafewgrammarmistakes.regardlessof不管……Regardlessofwhathappens,myclaimissafeandsecure.butfor要不是……Butforyourtextmessage,IwouldhaveleftmyIDathome.inspiteof尽管Inspiteofthefactthattheproductissafe,manypeoplestillrefusetobuyit.onaccountof因为Theirrecentprotestwascalledoffonaccountoftightenedsecurity.asaresultof由于Workersapproachingretirementshouldbesavingmore,notless,asaresultoflowrates.nextto仅次于；紧挨着Gettingthemtobuyintothesystemisnexttoimpossible.inadditionto除……以外，还有Thankfully,inadditiontochangingmajors,studentscanchangeschools.farfrom远非……MybossaskedsomuchofmeandIbelievedthatmyjobwasfarfromhissatisfaction.aheadof在……前面Withhishelp,wefinishedourtaskaheadoftime.三介词to的搭配1．与名词常见搭配thesolutiontotheproblem问题的解决方法thekeytothedoor门的钥匙theanswertothequestion问题的答案tothepoint切中要害，中肯toone'staste合某人胃口toone'ssurprise/joy/delight令某人吃惊/高兴的是approachtosth通往……的路，学习……的方法attitudeto/towards对待……的态度dancetomusic伴着音乐跳舞theentranceto……的入口have/gainaccessto有……的机会2．与动词常见搭配devote...to...把……用于adjust...to...调节……以适应adapt...to...适应……attach...to...把……附在……上objectto反对lookforwardto盼望payattentionto注意getdowntosth开始做某事；开始认真对待某事seeto照料，处理owesthtosb欠某人某物；把……归功于/归因于makecontributionsto为……作出贡献begetusedto习惯于prefer...to...宁愿……而不……belongto属于leadto通向，导致putanendto结束beupto从事，胜任pointto指着stickto坚持holdonto抓住不放lookupto尊敬，尊重comparedto与……相比beadmittedto被录取liveupto符合，达到，不辜负applyto利用，运用attendto处理，照顾；关照appealto有吸引力；呼吁；上诉respondto应答3．与形容词常见搭配berelatedto与……有关besensitiveto对……敏感besimilarto与……相似belinkedto与……有关berelevantto与……相关beimportantto对……很重要bebeneficialto对……有益beequalto等于……befamiliarto对某人来说是熟悉的beblindto对……视而不见beaddictedto沉溺于四常用介词与形容词的搭配beconsciousof意识到befondof喜爱beawareof意识到；明白bestrictwithsbinsth对某人某方面严格beworthyof值得；配得上bedifferentfrom与……不同beabsentfrom缺席bepopularwith受到……的欢迎bepresentat出席betiredof厌倦……bebusywith忙于……belostin迷失在……beanxiousabout为……担心beburiedin全神贯注于beashamedof因……而惭愧beabsorbedin全神贯注于besuspiciousof怀疑……befamiliarwith熟悉……五介词in构成的常见短语incommonwith与……一样inthefaceof面对……intimefor正好……indangerof处于……危险中indefenceof为了保护……inneed/wantof需要……inconsequenceof由于……infavourof赞成……inexchangefor交换……inmemoryof为了纪念……inhonourof为向……表示敬意inpraiseof为了赞美……inchargeof负责……inthechargeof由……负责inpossessionof拥有……inthepossessionof由……拥有insearchof为了寻找……intouchwith和……保持联系inpreparationfor为……做准备inplaceof代替，而不是inthehopeof希望……inthecourseof在……的过程中inthehabitof有……的习惯infrontof在……的前面inthefrontof在……的前部intheformof以……的形式inthenameof以……的名义inrelationto与……相关inregardto关于/至于……inreturnfor作为……的回报intermsof就……而言inharmonywith与……协调六其他介词短语Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．SincemostofAntarcticrocksaredarkincolor,theystandoutthewhitebackgroundandareeasytoidentifyandcollect.答案：against句意：由于大多数南极岩石颜色较深，它们在白色背景的衬托下显得格外突出，易于识别和收集。standoutagainst表示“在……反衬下显得醒目”，故填against。2．Theideaofcreatinganationalparkwasfirstdiscussedinthe1940s,butpeoplecouldn'tagreewhatsizetomakethepark.答案：onagreeon是固定搭配，表示“对……达成一致”。3．HewenttoShanghaianimportantmeeting.答案：for句意：他去上海参加一个重要会议。for在此处表示目的，其后习惯于接名词或代词。4．HebrightenedthelivesofAmericansandBritishthroughtwoworldwarsandthehardyearsbetween.答案：in句意：在一战和二战之间的艰苦岁月里，他给英美人民的生活增添了乐趣。inbetween表示“在中间，当中”，故填in。5．Bulliedkidsfaceahighriskmentalhealthproblems.答案：of句意：受欺凌的孩子们面临着高风险的精神健康问题。ariskof“……的风险”。6．ShecontributedmorethananyotherscientistsolvingthestructureofDNA.答案：to句意：她在破解DNA结构方面所做的贡献，比任何一位科学家都大。contribute...tosth/doingsth“为某事/做某事作出贡献”，to为介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。7．Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68average.答案：above句意：去年是有记载以来最暖和的一年，全球气温高于平均气温0.68度。根据语境thewarmestyearonrecord可知是比平均气温高0.68度。aboveaverage意为“高于平均值”。8．InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeattheirhands.答案：with句意：在印度，大多数人历来采用手抓的方式吃饭。with＋人体部位或工具，表示“用……(工具)”。9．Thismeetingroomisanon­smokingarea;Iwouldliketowarnyouadvancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.答案：in句意：这个会议室是禁烟区。我想提前告诫你，如果你吸烟会被罚款的。inadvance“预先；提前”，固定搭配。10．Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomesanimalsbothonlandandsea?答案：to句意：你听说过这些既是陆地动物的栖息地，又是海洋动物的家园的树木吗？behometo...“是……的家园或栖息地”。Ⅱ.单句改错1．AsaChinesehighschoolstudenttograduatethisyear,Isincerelyapplytoachancetostudyinyouruniversity.答案：apply后的to→for句意：作为一名今年即将毕业的中国高中生，我真诚地申请去你们大学学习的机会。applyfor“申请”，故将apply后的to改成for。2．Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.答案：dreams后加about/ofdreamabout/ofdoingsth“梦想做某事”。3．Thedictionaryisout­of­date:Manywordshavebeenaddedthelanguagesinceitwaspublished.答案：added后加toadd...to...“把……添加到……”，为固定搭配。4．ManyofthethingswenowbenefitforwouldnotbearoundbutforThomasEdison.答案：第一个for→from句意：如果没有托马斯·爱迪生的话，今天我们享用的许多东西都将不存在。benefitfrom“得益于”。5．NowIamleavinghometocollege.答案：to→forleave...for...“离开……去……”，固定搭配。Ⅲ.短文改错(2021·安徽省天长中学高三月考)IhadwitnessedatrafficaccidentonhiswayhomefromschoollastFriday.Thetaxiknockedintoacyclingboywhowasridingacrossacrossroadsregardlesstheredlight.Whenthedriverrealizedwhatwashappening,theboywasalreadylyingontheground,bleedandcrying.Fortunately,anambulancecameverysoonbuttookawaytheinjuredboy.Thoughtheboyistoblamingfortheaccident,Ithinkdriversshoulddrivewithmuchcautiouswheneverpassinganyintersections.However,whichmattersmostisthateveryonemustneverignorevarioustrafficregulation.答案：Ieq\o(eq\o(eq\o(had,＼),),\s\do9(①))witnessedatrafficaccidentoneq\o(his,\s\do8(②my/the))wayhomefromschoollastFriday.eq\o(The,\s\do8(③A/One))taxiknockedintoacyclingboywhowasridingacrossacrossroadsregardlesseq\o(∧,\s\do8(④of))theredlight.Whenthedriverrealizedwhatwashappening,theboywasalreadylyingontheground,eq\o(bleed,\s\do8(⑤bleeding))andcrying.Fortunately,anambulancecameverysooneq\o(but,\s\do8(⑥and))tookawaytheinjuredboy.Thoughtheboyistoeq\o(blaming,\s\do8(⑦blame))fortheaccident,Ithinkdriversshoulddrivewit