《汽车专业英语》习题答案

Unit1DevelopmentHistoryofAutomobile

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText.

1)Howmanystageshavethebirthofthecarexperienced?

Thebirthofthecarhaveexperiencedthreestages.

2)Whoinventedtheinternalcombustionengine?

In1866,CountNicholasOttoputforwardthefamousworkingcycletheoryof

internalcombustionengine,namely“Ottocycle”.

3)Whichcountryisthebirthplaceofmoderncars?

Germanyisthebirthplaceofmoderncars.

4)Whatisthenewdirectionforthedevelopmentofautomotiveapplications?

Newenergy,especiallyelectricenergy,hasbecomethemostlikelyapplication

developmentdirectionofautomotiveindustryinrecentyears.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese.

1)vehicle汽车2)environment环境3)standardized标准化

4)enterprise公司5)monopoly垄断6)electricenergy电能

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese.

1)In21Century,humanbeingsarefacingmoreseriousproblemssuchas

resourceshortage,energyshortage,andenvironmentalpollutionandsoon.Energy

conservation,environmentalprotectionandsafetyhavebecometheeternalthemeof

thedevelopmentoftheautomobileindustry.

进入21世纪，人类面临着资源短缺、能源短缺、环境污染等更为严重的问

题。节能、环保、安全已成为汽车工业发展的永恒主题。

2)In1769,FrenchArmyEngineerNichoalsJosePSCugnot(1725-1804)

developedtheworld'sfirststeamcar,usingthesteamenginetechnologytothecar.

1769年，法国陆军工程师尼考尔斯•约塞普斯•库格诺(1725-1804)发明

了世界上第一辆蒸汽车，将蒸汽机技术应用于汽车。

3)Ithasbeenmorethan100yearssincethebirthofthefirstcar.Duringthis

period,theautomobileindustryexperiencedthetransformationofstandardized,the

impactoftheeconomiccrisis,therapiddevelopmentafterWorldWarIIandthe

unprecedentedprosperityofthemarket.

从第一辆车诞生至今已经有100多年了。这一时间内，汽车工业经历了标准

化的转型、经济危机的冲击、二战后的快速发展和市场的空前繁荣。

4)In1980,Japan'stotalvehicleoutputreached11million40thousand,

surpassingtheUnitedStatesastheworld'slargestautomobileproducerandexporter.

1980年，日本汽车总产量达到1100万辆4万辆，超过美国成为世界上最大

的汽车生产国和出口国。

Unit2BrandCultureofAutomobile

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText.

1)Whichcountrywasthecarinvented?

TheautomobilewasinventedinEurope,developedintheUnitedStates,expanded

inJapanandcontinuedinKorea.

2)WhatarethecharacteristicsofAmericanautomobilebrand?

Americanautomobilebrandisroomyandcomfortable,simpleandpractical,safety

andenvironmentalprotection.

3)WhataretheadvantagesoftheJanpancars?

Japanesecarsareoftensmalldisplacementengines,andfuel-savingtechnologyis

veryadvanced,maintenanceandmaintenancecostsarerelativelysmall,theuseof

costisverylow.Inautomobiledesign,theselectionofmaterialsisveryscientific,can

createacomfortable,warmatmosphere,andemphasizethegreatestcomfort,

convenience.

4)Whataretherepresentativebrandsofdomesticcars?

DomesticbrandscarsincludeChery,Huachen,Geely,FAWandsoon.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese.

1)merger合并2)style类型，风格3)influence影响4)

capability能力5)brandculture品牌文化6)coverup掩盖7)accordingto

根据，依据

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese.

1)Beforethecarappeared,theheroicspiritofthewesternAmericancowboy

conqueredtheworld.

在汽车出现之前，美国西部牛仔的英雄精神征服了世界。

2)Europeancarsaresmaller,plainerinterior,rigidandtraditionalinappearance,

butthereisalwaysauniquetemperament,whichshouldbeappreciatedslowly.

欧系车体积更小，内饰更朴素，外观硬朗传统，但总有一种独特的气质，应该

慢慢欣赏。

3)Ofcourse,theGermancarpursuesluxuryandluxury,anditalsomakesacertain

degreeofdifficultyforthemarketdevelopment.BMW,VolkswagenandMercedesare

typicalrepresentativeofGermancars.

当然，德系车追求的是豪华，这也给市场的发展带来了一定的难度。宝马、大

众和梅赛德斯是德国汽车的典型代表。

4)Atpresent,therearestillsomedifferencesintheoveralldesignand

manufacturinglevelofdomesticautomobilebrandswithEuropeanandJapanesecars,

whichshowsthelackofthreemajorsystemdesigncapabilities(body,chassis,engine),

andthelackofexcellentproductswithindependentintellectualpropertyrights.

目前国内汽车品牌与欧系和日系车在整体设计制造水平上还存在一定差距，表

现为缺乏车身、底盘、发动机三大系统设计能力，缺乏具有自主知识产权的优秀

产品。

Unit3MassCultureofAutomobile

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText

1)Whatisthemassculture?

Masscultureisakindofcultureemergedfromthedevelopmentofindustrial

societyandthetechnologicalrevolution,especiallythetechnologicalrevolution.

2)WhatarethecharacteristicsofJapaneseautomobilecity?

Toyotahasapopulationof280,000anditsemployeesserveToyotaMotor

Company.Workersover20yearsoldcanbeassignedtoaToyotavehicle.Theexport

portofToyotacityisNagoya,whichhastheworld'sfirstandthelargestcapacityof

50thousandToyotaspecialpurposewharf.

3)Whatarethefivemostinternationalautomobileexhibitionsnowrecognizedby

theinternationalcommunityintheworld?

Theworld'sfivemostinternationalautomobileexhibitionsnowrecognizedby

theinternationalcommunityare:FrankMotorShow>TokyoMotorShow>NorthAmerican

InternationalAutoShow>GenevaInternationalAutoShow、ParisMotorShow.

4)Whatkindsoftheautomobileathleticsarethere?

FIA,FISA,FASC.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese

1)countless数不清的2)courage勇气3)battle战争4)

pavilion搭帐篷；建筑物5)high-risk高风险6)meansof意味着

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese

1)DetroitisthelargestautomotiveindustrialbaseintheUnitedStates,wherethe

headquartersofGM,FordandChryslerarelocated.

底特律是美国最大的汽车工业基地，通用、福特和克莱斯勒的总部都设在这

里。

2)Toyotacity,withapopulationofabout41,000,istheheadquartersofthe

famousJapaneseautomobilebrandTOYOTA,soitiscalledtheautomobilecityof

J叩an.

丰田城人口约4.1万，是日本著名汽车品牌丰田的总部，因此被称为日本汽

车城。

3)Comparedwithordinarysports,automobilesportsarenotonlythe

competitionofindividualskill,willandcourage,butalsothecompetitionof

automobiledesignandproductquality.

与普通体育相比，汽车运动不仅是个人技能、意志和勇气的竞争，更是汽车

设计和产品质量的竞争。

Unit4ConsumptionCultureofAutomotive

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText

1)Whatarethebuyingmotivesofconsumers?

RealisticMotivation,SeekingCheapMotivation,SeekingBrandMotivation,

SeekingNewMotivation

2)Whatarethefactorsthataffectconsumers*purchaseofcars?

VehiclePerformance,CarBrandandAfter-saleService,FamilyConsumption

Psychology,PoliciesandRegulations

3)Whyshouldwehavetogotoaregularcardealertobuyacar?

Governmentdepartmentsrequireautodealerstoobtainauthorizationfromthe

manufacturerinordertohavesalesqualifications,soconsumersmustbuycars

throughthenormalchannelsauthorizedbythemanufacturer.

4)Whatarethebaddrivinghabitsthatshouldbeavoided?

Engineidling,steponacceleratorpedalfbruseless,alwayspushtheclutch,

emergencyBraking.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese

1)etiquette礼仪2)conspicuous显眼的3)identity身份4)

loan贷款5)steeringwheel方向盘6)relatedto与...相关7)pickup拿

起，捡起

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese

1)Thetrendofconsumersbuyingcarsistoconsiderbothfuelconsumptionand

powertheenginesoftenhavegoodpowerperformanceinlargedisplacementandhigh

power,butthefuelconsumptionisrelativelyhigh.

消费者购车的趋势是兼顾油耗和动力，发动机在大排量、大功率时往往具有良好

的动力性能，但油耗相对较高。

2)Theprocessofbuyingacarisnotonlyaprocessofbuyingproducts,butalsoa

processofafter-saleserviceforconsumervehicles.

购车的过程不仅仅是购买产品的过程，更是消费车辆售后服务的过程。

3)Costperformancereferstotheratiooftheperformanceandpriceofacar.

Performancemainlyreferstovehiclesafety,power,fueleconomy,handlingand

comfort.

性价比是指汽车的性能与价格之比。性能主要是指车辆的安全性、动力性、燃

油经济性、操控性和舒适性。

4)Itisabsolutelynecessarytowarmthecarproperlybeforedrivingintheearly

morning,especiallywhenthecoldcarisontheroad.

在清晨开车前，尤其是寒冷的汽车在路上行驶时，对汽车进行适当的预热是绝

对必要的。

Unit5Internalcombustionenginestructuresandprinciples

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText.

1)Pleasewritedownthedefinitionandthecompositionsofan“engine”.

Theengineistheheartofthecar,providingpowerforthecar*swalking.Simply

speaking,theengineisanenergyconversionmechanism.Theyarecomposedoftwo

majorinstitutionsandfivemajorsystems,namely:crankLinkagemechanism,valve

train,supplysystem,lubricationsystem,coolingsystem,ignitionsystem(not

availablefordieselengine)andstartingsystem.

2)Pleasewritedownofallclassificationsofastarter.

①Classifiedbycontroldevice

Direct-operatedstarter,electromagneticallyoperatedstarter

②Classificationaccordingtothemeshingmodeofthetransmissionmechanism

Inertialmeshingstarter,forcedmeshstarter,armaturemobilestarter,gearmobile

starter,decelerationstarter

③Whatarethefunctionsofacoolingsystem?

Thecoolingsystemistopreventtheenginefromoverheatingtothepartsaround

thecombustionchamber.

④Pleaselistalllubricationmethods.

Oilpressurelubrication,Oilsplashlubrication,Greaselubrication

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese.

1)combustion燃烧2)install安装3)transmission传输；变速器4)

emission排放5)distribution分配，分派6)energyconversionmechanism能

量转换装置7)cylinderhead汽缸盖8)engineintakemanifold发动机进气歧

管

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese.

1)Thisisaneraofcreativity.Theenginedesignersconstantlyintegratethelatest

technologywiththeengine,turningtheengineintoacomplexmechatronicproduct,

whichmakestheengineperformancenearlyperfect.

这是一个充满创造力的时代。发动机设计人员不断将最新技术与发动机相结合，

使发动机成为一个复杂的机电一体化产品，使发动机性能几近完美。

2)Duringthepowerstroke,thepistonissubjectedtolinearmotioninthecylinder

bythegaspressure,convertedintoarotarymotionofthecrankshaftthroughthe

connectingrod,andexternallyoutputspowerfromthecrankshaft.

在做功冲程中，活塞在气缸中受到气体压力的线性运动，通过连杆转换为曲轴的

旋转运动，并从曲轴外部输出动力。

3)Therefore,theentireprocessinwhichthecrankshaftstartstorotateunderthe

actionofanexternalforceuntiltheenginestartstoautomaticallyidleiscalledthe

startoftheengine.

因此，曲轴在外力作用下开始转动直至发动机开始自动怠速的整个过程称为发动

机起动。

4)Thebasictaskofanelectronicallycontrolledfuelinjectionsystemistoreduce

theharmfulemissionsofenginefuelsasaprimarygoal,takingintoaccountasmuch

aspossibletheotherperformancerequirementsoftheengine.

电控燃油喷射系统的基本任务是以减少发动机燃油的有害排放为首要目标，同时

尽可能地考虑发动机的其他性能要求。

Unit6ChassisStructureandPrinciple

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText.

1)Pleasewritedownthefunctionsandlistfourpartsofachassis.

Thefunctionofthechassisistosupportandinstalltheautomobileengineandits

variouscomponentsandassembliestoformtheoverallshapeofthecar,andto

receivethepoweroftheenginetomakethecarmoveandensurenormaldriving.The

chassisconsistsofadrivetrain,adrivingsystem,asteeringsystemandabrake

system.

2)Whatarethecommonlayoutsofmechanicaldrivetrains?

Thecommonlayoutofmechanicaldrivetrainsismainlyrelatedtothepositionof

theengineandthedrivetypeofthecar.

3)Whatarethreemaindifferencesbetweenmanualandautomaticgears?

First,thecontrolmethodisdifferent.Manualgearrequiresthedriverto

cooperatewiththeclutchforshiftingoperation,whiletheautomaticgearisoperated

bythegearboxaccordingtothesetgearratiowithoutmanualintervention.

Second,thefeelingofdrivingisdifferent.Themanualfileemphasizesthe

subjectiveinitiativeofthepersonandcanfullyarousethedriver'sdrivingdesireanda

certainsenseofaccomplishment.

Third,thefuelconsumptionisdifferent.Forthesamebrandanddisplacementcar,

themanualtransmissionisabout10%morefuelefficientthantheautomatic

transmission.

4)Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofadiscbrake?

①Generally,thereisnofrictionalauxiliaryeffect,sothebrakeperformanceis

lessaffectedbythefrictioncoefficient,thatis,theperformanceisrelativelystable;

②Afterthewaterimmersion,itsefficiencyisreducedless,anditonlyneedsto

bebrakedonceortwicetoreturntonormal;

③Inthecaseofthesameoutputbrakingtorque,thesizeandqualityare

generallysmall;

④Theamountofthermalexpansionofthebrakediscinthethicknessdirectionis

extremelysmall,andthebrakegapisnotsignificantlyincreasedlikethethermal

expansionofthebrakedrum,therebycausingthebrakepedalstroketobeexcessive;

@Itiseasiertoachieveautomaticadjustmentofthegap,andothermaintenance

andrepairoperationsarealsorelativelysimple;

Thedisadvantagesofthediscbrakeareasfollows:

①Lowperformance.Therefore,thebrakeactuationlinepressurerequiredfor

thehydraulicbrakesystemishigh.Aservodeviceisgenerallyused.

②Whenthediscbrakeisusedfortheparkingbrake,theparkingbrakedeviceto

beinstalledismorecomplicatedthanthedrumbrake,andthustheapplicationonthe

rearwheelislimited.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese.

1)chassis底盘2)interrupt打断，阻断3)clutch离合器4)elasticity弹力，

弹性5)electronic电子的6)adhesion黏附，黏着7)friction摩擦，摩擦力

8)stability稳定,稳定性9)rearwheeldrive后轮驱动10)manualtransmission

手动变速器11)automatictransmission自动变速器12)antilockbrakingsystem

防抱死制动系统13)steeringbridge转向桥

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese.

1)Therearoftheenginecanmakethefrontaxlenoteasytooverload,andcan

makefulluseofthecararea.Itcanalsoeffectivelyreducetheheightofthecarfloor

ormakefulluseofthespaceunderthefloorofthecartoplaceluggage,whichisalso

beneficialtoreducetheimpactofthehightemperatureandnoiseoftheengineonthe

driver.

发动机的后部可以使前桥不易超载，并且可以充分利用车内面积。它还可以有

效降低汽车地板的高度或充分利用汽车地板下的空间放置行李，这也有利于减少

发动机的高温和噪音对驾驶员的影响。

2)Anotherdisadvantageisthebrakefunction.Inadditiontothebrakingeffectof

thebrakes,theengineitselfalsohasabrakingeffect:whenthethrottleisreleased,the

brakingeffectoftheenginebeginstofunction.

另一个缺点是制动功能。除了刹车的刹车效果，发动机本身也有刹车效果：当

油门松开时，发动机的刹车效果开始发挥作用。

3)Theelectricassistismainlycomposedofasensor,acontrolunitandabooster

motor.Thestructureoftheelectricpowerassistisverysimple.Thereisnohydraulic

pump,hydraulicline,steeringcolumnvalvebodyandotherstructuresofthehydraulic

powerassistsystem.

电辅助主要由传感器、控制单元和增压电机组成。电力辅助装置的结构非常简

单。液压助力系统没有液压泵、液压管路、转向柱阀体等结构。

Unit7ElectricalSystemandPrinciple

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText

1)Whatarethecomponentsofelectricalequipmentelements?

Therearemanytypesofelectricalequipmentonthecar,butthebasicelectrical

equipmentcanberoughlydividedintothestartingsystem,theignitionsystem,the

lightingandsignalsystem,theinformationdisplaysystem,theauxiliaryelectrical

systemandtheelectroniccontrolsystem.

2)Whatisthefunctionoftheignitionsystem?

Thefunctionoftheignitionsystemistogenerateanelectricsparkthatignitesthe

combustiblemixture.

3)Whatarethecharacteristicsofautomotiveelectricalequipment?

Lowervoltage,directcun*entsingle-wire,systemnegativegrounding

4)Howmanymaintypesofbatteriesareusedinfuelvehicles?Whatarethey?

Atpresent,therearetwomaintypesofbatteriesusedinfuelvehicles:lead-acid

batteries(hereinafterreferredtoasleadbatteries)andnickel-alkalibatteries.

5)Whatarethemethodsofbatterycharging?

Constantcurrentchargingmethod,constantvoltagechargingmethod,improved

constantcurrentchargingmethod,pulsefastchargingmethod

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese

1)auxiliary辅助的，辅助人员2)centrallockingsystem中控锁系统3)gauge

测量4)transistor晶体管5)aluminafilter氧化铝过滤器6)grounding接地7)

over-partitionconnector跨越式连接器8)thyristorrectifiercharger晶闸管整流器充

电器9)electrolyte电解质10)pulsefastcharging脉冲快速充电

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese

1)Thebatterysuppliespowertothestarterwhenstartingtheengine,andsupplies

powertothepowereddevicewhenthegeneratorisnotworking.

蓄电池在起动发动机时向起动机供电，在发电机不工作时向动力装置供电。

2)Theignitionsystemisdividedintotwocategories:electronicignitionsystemand

computercontrolledignitionsystem.

点火系统分为两类：电子点火系统和电脑控制点火系统。

3)Thedetectionsystemincludesvariousmeasuringinstrumentssuchas

voltmeters,ammeters,watertemperaturemeters,oilpressuregauges,fuelgauges,

speedometers,enginetachometersandvariouswarninglightstomonitortheoperation

oftheengineandotherdevices.

检测系统包括电压表、电流表、水温表、机油压力表、燃油表、车速表、发

动机转速表等各种测量仪器和各种警示灯，用于监测发动机和其他装置的运行情

况。

4)Abatteryisachemicalpowersourcethatreliesonitsinternalchemical

reactionstostoreelectricalenergyortopowerelectricalequipment.

电池是一种化学电源，依靠其内部的化学反应来储存电能或为电气设备供电。

5)Anelectrolytedensitymeterisinstalledinsidethebatterytoautomatically

displaythestoragestateofthebatteryandtheleveloftheelectrolyteliquidlevel.

蓄电池内装有电解液密度计，可自动显示蓄电池的储存状态和电解液液位。

6)Theadvantagesofconstantvoltagechargingare:fastchargingspeed,short

chargingtime,andchargingcurrentICwillgraduallydecreasetozeroasthe

electromotiveforceErises,sothatchargingautomaticallystopswithoutmanual

adjustmentandcare.

恒压充电的优点是：充电速度快，充电时间短，充电电流IC会随着电动势

E的升高而逐渐减小到零，充电自动停止，无需人工调整和维护。

7)Theadvantagesofimprovedconstantcurrentchargingareasfollows:the

activematerialcanbereduced,andthebatterycanbefullycharged.

改进后恒流充电的优点是：可以减少活性物质，使电池完全充满电。

8)Therelativedensityoftheelectrolytehasagreatinfluenceontheoperationof

theelectricitystorage.Therelativedensityincreases,thefreezingpointofthe

electrolytedecreases,theriskoffreezingdecreases,andthecapacityofthebattery

canbeincreased.

电解液的相对密度对储能装置的运行有很大的影响。相对密度增加，电解液

的冰点降低，结冰的风险降低，电池的容量可以增加。

9)Themethodofwetstorageistofullychargetheliquidtothenormalheight.

Aftersealingtheventholeoftheliquidfillingplug,placeitinthedarkplace.

湿式储电的方法是将液体充满到正常高度。封好充液塞的通气孔后，放在阴

暗处。

Unit8CarBody

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText

1)Whatdoesthecarbodyconsistof?

Thebodyincludes:thebody-in-whiteandtheaccessories.Thebody-in-white

usuallyreferstothewhite-skinnedbodythathasbeenweldedbutnotyetpainted.

2)Howdoesthebodystructuremade?

Thebodystructureismadebystamping,welding,paintingandfinalassembly.

3)Whataretheclassificationsofthefrontbodystructure?

Forthenon-loadedbearingtypeoffrontbodystructurecar,thecarframeis

equippedwitharadiator,engine,partialtransmission,frontsuspension,etc.

4)Whatisthefrontpanel?Whatisitsfunction?

Thefrontpanelisthelargestampingwhichisusedtoseparatetheengine

compartmentandthecar.Thesurfaceiscoatedwithmaterialssuchasheatinsulation

andsoundinsulation.Thisistopreventtheenginecompartmentfromhigh

temperatureandnoisewhichwillaffecttheoccupantsinthecabin.Atthesametime,

thefrontpanelhassufficientstrengthandrigidityduetothelargetorsionalstiffness.

5)Whatistheneutralpillarusedto?

Theneutralpillarisusedtosupporttheroofofthecar,whilealsobearingthe

supportofthefrontandreardoors.

6)Whatarethemainfeaturesofsidewall?

①Thesidewallstructureontheiroutersurfacesmustconformtothecurved

surfacesrequiredfortheshapeofthebody.②Inordertoincreasethestrengthand

rigidityofthesidewallstructure,mostofthesidewallstructuralmembersadopta

closedcrosssection,andareinforcingplateisalsousedtostrengthenthemounting

doorhinge.Thesidewallisaload-bearingstructurewithalargerigidity,andlocal

deformationisnotallowed.Otherwise,thedoorwillsinkandthesealingofthedoor

willbedamaged.③Eachstructuralelementofthesidewallisrequiredtohavea

specialshape,andhasaspecialgrooveononesideofthedoor,andisusedfbr

installingasealingstriptoensurethesealingofthedoorwhenfittingwiththedoor.

7)Whatarethemainpartsoffrontbodycover?

Themainpartsoffrontbodycoverarehood,frontfender,topcover.

8)Whatisthefunctionofthecar'stopcover?

Thecar'stopcoveristoprovidethepassengerswithasafeandcomfortabledriving

andridingenvironment,sothattheoccupantsarenotexposedtothewind.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese

1)weld焊接，爆接2)beam横梁3)collision碰撞4)fender挡泥板5)

hood罩，覆盖6)compartment(铁路客车车厢分隔成的)隔间7)rigidity刚性

8)rear后面9)trunklid行李箱盖10)sidewallstructure侧围结构11)floor

assembly地板总成12)reardoorpillar后门柱

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese

1)Thebody-in-whiteusuallyreferstothewhite-skinnedbodythathasbeenwelded

butnotyetpainted.Itismainlyusedtoindicatetheweldingstructureofthebodyand

thecover,andalsoincludesthefrontandrearplateparts.

白车身通常指已焊接但尚未涂漆的车身。主要指的是车身与盖的焊接结构，也

包括前后板部分。

2)Acarisafour-wheeledcarthatcarriespeopleandpersonalbelongingsandis

placedbetweentwoaxes.Thefunctionofthecarbodyistoprovideamore

comfortablerideenvironmentandcertainsafetyprotectionmeasuresforthe

occupants.

汽车是一种四轮交通工具，在两轴之间载人和物。车身的功能是为乘员提供更

舒适的乘坐环境和一定的安全保护措施。

3)Itconsistsoftheskeletonstructureofthebody.Itiscomposedofthebody

structureandthebodycovers.Itistheskeletonofthemainload-bearingelement.

它包含车身的骨架结构，由车身结构和车身盖组成，是主要承重构件的骨架。

4)Thefrontheadlightframe,thefrontbeam,andthehoodfrontsupportplateare

weldedtoformalateralload-bearingunitofthefrontstructureofthevehiclebody.

前大灯框、前横梁、发动机罩前支撑板焊接成车身前部结构的横向承载单元。

5)Thefrontwallassemblyiscomposedofafrontwalluppercoverassembly,a

frontwallsidepanel,afrontwallpanel,asteeringcolumnbracketbeamandthelike.

前围总成由前围上盖总成、前围侧板、前围板、转向柱支架梁等组成。

6)Forthemini-carorsmallordinarycar,inordertomeettherequirementsof

economyandlightweight,thestructureoftheuppercoverissimplified,andthefront

coverusuallyadoptsanopensectionandisassembledwiththeinstrumentpanelto

achievesufficientstrength.

对于微型车或小型普通车来说，为了满足经济、轻量化的要求，上盖的结构

进行了简化，前盖一般采用开口设计，并与仪表板组装，以达到足够的强度。

Unit9BladeElectricVehicles

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText.

1)Whatarethemaintypesofnewenergyvehicles?

Pureelectricvehicle,bladeelectricvehicle,fuelcellvehicle

2)Whataretheadvantagesofpermanentmagnetbrushlessmotors?

Thereisnoneedtoreplacethecarbonbrushandreliableoperation.

3)Whatarethecharacteristicsofapureelectricvehicledrivesystem?

Electricvehiclesarequietandstableinoperation,anddonotproduceexhaustgas.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese.

1)hybrid混合的，杂交的2)alternative可供替代的3)fuelcell燃

料电池4)DCmotor直流电机5)ACmotor交流电机6)lithiumbattery锂电

池7)efficiency效率，功率

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese.

1)Abladeelectricvehicleisavehiclethatusesasinglebatteryasanenergy

storagepowersource.Itusesabatteryasapowersourceforstoringenergy,and

suppliespowertothemotorthroughthebatterytodrivethemotortorun,thereby

drivingthevehicle.

纯电动车是一种使用单个电池作为储能电源的车辆。它利用电池作为储能的动

力源，通过电池向电机供电，驱动电机运转，从而驱动车辆。

2)Thedevelopmentofpureelectricvehicles,despiteexperiencedmanyupsand

downs,butwiththedevelopmentandapplicationofvarioushigh-techlithium-ion

powerbatteries,high-efficiencyelectricdrivesystems,andthesociety'sdeep

understandingoftheconceptofzeroemissions,pureelectricvehicleshavebeengiven

newvitality.

纯电动汽车的发展，尽管经历了许多波折，但随着各种高科技锂离子动力电

池、高效电驱动系统的开发和应用，以及社会对零排放理念的深刻理解，纯电动

汽车被赋予了新的生命力。

3)Sincethepureelectricvehicleusesthebatteryasthesoleenergysource,the

performanceindexesofthebatterylargelydeterminethedrivingperformanceofthe

vehicle,suchasthedrivingrangeofthepureelectricvehicleandthedynamic

performanceoftheacceleration(orclimbing)respectively.

由于纯电动汽车使用电池作为唯一的能源，电池的性能指标在很大程度上决

定了汽车的行驶性能，如纯电动汽车的行驶里程和加速(或爬坡)的动态性能。

UnitlOHybridVehicle

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText

1)Whydevelopahybridcar?

Itisduetotheimpactofthefirstenergycrisis,environmentalprotection,and

globalwarming;thefocusonfueleconomyandCO2greenhousegasemissionshas

increased.

2)Howtodefineahybridcar?

ReferringtotherelevantliteratureoftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),

whichdefinesahybridvehicle,avehiclewiththefollowingcharacteristicsofenergy

andpowertransmissionroutesiscalledahybridvehicle:

①Theenergytransmittedtothewheelstopropelthevehicle'smotioncomes

fromatleasttwodifferentenergyconversiondevices(eg,internalcombustionengines,

gasturbines,Stirlingengines,electricmotors,hydraulicmotors,fuelcells).

②Theseconversiondevicesmustdrawenergyfromatleasttwodifferentenergy

storagedevices(suchasfueltanks,batteries,flywheels,supercapacitors,

high-pressurehydrogenstoragetanks,etc.).

(3)Atleastoneofthesepassagesfromtheenergystoragedevicetothewheelis

reversible(bothenergyandenergycanbeabsorbed),andatleastoneofthemis

irreversible.

④Reversibleenergystoragedevicessupplyelectricalenergy.

3)Whataretheadvantagesofthehybridcars?

Theenginecanbeoperatedstablyintheoptimumworkingconditionarea,

therebyreducingsewageandfuelconsumption.Thevehiclescanbedrivenbypure

electricmeansindenselypopulatedcommercialareasandresidentialareastoachieve

“zeroemissions”.Recoveringtheenergyofthecarduringdecelerationandbrakingby

themotor,furtherreducingtheenergyconsumptionandemissionpollutionof