2022年12月四级考试真题 (三)

2022年12月四级考试真题（三）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeign

friendwhowantstolearnChinese.Pleaserecommendaplacetohim.Youshouldwrite

atleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

说明：2022年12月四级全国共考了两套听力，本套与前两套相同，只是选

项顺序不同，故不再重复。

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarereuiredto

selectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordhankfollowingthe

passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoice

inthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthe

wordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Whentravellingoverseas,doyoubuywaterinplasticbottlesortakeyourchances

withtapwaterImagineyouarewanderingaboutonaThaiislandor26theruinsof

Angkor.It'shotsoyougrababottleofwaterfromalocalvendor.Wsthesafethingto

do,rightThebottleis27.andthelabelsays“purewater”.Butmaybewhafsinside

isnotso28.Wouldyoustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethan90percentofall

bottledwatersoldaroundtheworld29microplastics

That'stheconclusionofarecently30study,whichanalysed259bottles

from11brandssoldinninecountries,31anaverageof325plasticparticlesper

litreofwater.Thesemicroplasticsincludeda32commonlyknownasPETand

widelyusedinthemanufactureofclothingandfoodand33containers.Thestudy

wasconductedattheStateUniversityofNewYorkonbehalfofOrbMedia,a

journalismorganisation.Aboutamillionbottlesareboughteveryminute,notonlyby

thirstytouristsbutalsobymanyofthe2.1billionworldwidewholivewithunsafe

drinkingwater.

Confrontedwiththis34,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestle

andCoca-Colaundertooktheirownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.Thesestudies

showedthattheirwaterdidcontainmicroplastics,butfarlessthantheOrbstudy

suggested.Regardless,theWorldHealthOrganisationhaslaunchedareviewintothe

35healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromplasticbottles.

A)adeuateI)natural

B)admiringJ)potential

C)containsK)released

D)defendingL)revealing

E)evidenceM)sealed

F)instantN)solves

G)liuid0)substance

H)modified

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsbiformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.

Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea

paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe

uestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

ASouthKoreancitydesignedforthefuturetakesonalifeofitsown

[A]Gettingaroundacityisonething—andthenthere5sthematterofgettingfromone

citytoanother.Onevisionoftheperfectcityofthefuture:aplacethatofferseasy

accesstoairtravel.In2022,aUniversityofNorthCarolinabusinessprofessornamed

JohnKasardapublishedabookcalledAerotropolis:TheWayWellLiveNext.Kasarda

saysfuturecitiesshouldbebuiltintentionallyaroundornearairports.Theidea,ashe

[B]“The18thcenturyreallywasawaterborne（水运的）century,the19thcenturyarail

century,the20thcenturyahighway,car,truckcentury-andthe21stcenturywill

increasinglybeanaviationcentury,astheglobebecomesincreasinglyconnectedby

air,"Kasardasays.Songdo,acitybuiltfromscratchinSouthKorea,isoneof

Kasarda'sprimeexamples.Ithasexistedforjustafewyears."Fromtheget-go,itwas

designedonthebasisofconnectivityandcompetitiveness,“saysKasada."The

governmentbuiltthebridgedirectlyfromtheairporttotheSongdoInternational

BusinessDistrict.Andthesurfaceinfrastructurewasbuiltintandemwiththenew

airport//

[C]Songdoisastone9sthrowfromSouthKorea'sIncheonAirport,itsmain

internationalhub（枢纽）.Butittakesalotmorethananearbyairporttobeacityofthe

future.Justbuildingaplaceasan"internationalbusinessdistrict“doesn'tmeanitwill

becomeone.ParkYeonSooconceived（设想）thiscityofthefuturebackin1986.He

considersSongdohisbaby."Iamavisionary,"hesays.Thirtyyearsafterheimagined

thecity,Park'sbabyiscloseto70percentbuilt,with36,000peoplelivinginthe

businessdistrictand90,000residentsingreaterSongdo.It'saboutanhouroutside

Seoul,builtonreclaimedtidalflatsalongtheYellowSea.There9saCoastGuard

buildingandatalltradetower,aswellasapark,golfcourseanduniversity.

[D]Chancesareyou'veactuallyseenthisplace.Songdoappearsinthemostfamous

musicvideoevertocomeoutofSouthKorea.uGangnamStyle“referstothe

fashionableGangnamdistrictinSeoul.ButsomeofthevideowasfilmedinSongdo."I

don'tknowifyouremember,therewasasceneinasubwaystation.Thatwasnot

Gangnam.ThatwasactuallySongdo/'saysJungWonSon,aprofessorofurban

developmentatLondon'sBartlettSchoolofPlanning."Partofthereasontoshootthere

isthatifsnewandnice//

[E]Thecitywassupposedtobeahubforglobalcompanies,withemployeesfromall

overtheworld.Butthat'snothowithasturnedout.Songdo'sreputationisasa

futuristicghosttown.Buttherealityismorecomplicated.Abridgewithbig,light-blue

loopsleadsintothebusinessdistrict.Inthecenterofthemainroad,there'salongline

offlagsoftheworld.Onthecorner,there'saStarbucksanda7-Eleven—allofthe

internationalbrandsthatyouseeallovertheworldnowadays.

[F]Thecityisnotempty.Therearemotherspushingstrollers,oldwomenwith

walkers-eveninthemiddleoftheday,whenit's90degreesout.ByunYoung-Jinchairs

theSongdorealestateassociationandstartedsellingpropertyherewhenthefirstphaseof

thecityopenedin2022.Hesaysdemandhasboomedinthepastcoupleofyears.Mostof

hisclientsareKorean.Infact,thedevelopersays,99percentofthehomesherearesoldto

Koreans.Youngfamiliesmoveherebecausetheschoolsaregreat.Andthat'stheproblem:

SongdohasbecomeapopularKoreancity—morepopularasaresidentialareathana

businessone.It'snotyetthefuturisticinternationalbusinesshubthatplannersimagined.

“It'sagreatplacetolive.Andit'sbecomingagreatplacetowork,“saysScottSummers,

thevicepresidentofGaleInternational,thedeveloperofthecity.Thefloor-to-ceiling

windowsofhiscompany'sofficesoverlookSongdoCentralPark,withacanalfullof

tyaksandpaddleboats.Shimmering（闪烁的）glasstowerslinethecanal'sedge.

[G]"What'shappenedis,becausewefocusedoncreatingthatualityoflifefirst,which

enabledtheresidentstolivehere,whathasprobablymissedthemarkisforcompanies

tolocatehere,“hesays."Thereneedstobestrongeconomicincentives.〃Thecityis

stillunfinished,anditfeelsabitlikeathemepark.Itdoesn'tfeelallthatfuturistic.

There9sahigh-techundergroundtrashdisposalsystem.Buildingsareenvironmentally

friendly.Everybody'stelevisionsetisconnectedtoasystemthatstreamspersonalized

languageorexerciseclasses.

[H]ButStarTrekthisisnot.Andtosomeoftheresidents,Songdofeelshollow.'Tm,

like,inprisonforweekdays.That'swhatwecallitintheworkplace/'saysawoman

inher20s.Shedoesn'twanttousehernameforfearofbeingfiredfromherjob.She

goesbacktoSeouleveryweekend."IsayI'mprison-breakingonFridaynights.〃But

shehastomaketheprisonbreakinherowncar.There9snohigh-speedtrain

connectingSongdotoSeoul,justover20milesaway.

[I]ParkYeonSoo,themanwhofirstimaginedSongdofeelsfrustrated,too.Parksays

hebuiltSouthKoreaaluxuryvehicle,ulikeMercedesorBMW.It'sagoodcarnow.

Butwe'rewaitingforagooddrivertoaccelerate.Buttherearelotsofothergoodcars

outthere,too.Theworldisdottedwithfuturistic,high-techcitiestryingtoattractthe

biggestinternationalcompanies.

[J]Songdo'sbackerscontendthatit'sstillearly,andbusinessspaceisfillingup——

about70percentoffinishedofficesarenowoccupied.BrentRyan,whoteachesurban

designatMIT,saysSongdoprovesauniversalprinciple."Therehavebeenalotof

utopian（乌托邦的）citiesinhistory.Andthereasonwedon'tknowaboutalotofthem

isthatalotofthemhavevanishedentirely.Inotherwords,whenitcomestocities一

oranythingelse—itishardtopredictthefuture.

36.Songdo'spopularityliesmoreinitsualityoflifethanitsbusinessattraction.

37.ThemanwhoconceivesSongdofeelsdisappointedbecauseithasfallenshortofhis

expectations.

38.AsceneinapopularSouthKoreanmusicvideowasshotinSongdo.

39.Songdostilllacksthefinancialstimulusforbusinessestosetupshopthere.

40.Airplaneswillincreasinglybecomethechiefmeansoftransportation,accordingto

aprofessor.

41.Songdohasendedupdifferentfromthecityitwassupposedtobe.

42.SomeofthepeoplewhoworkinSongdocomplainaboutboredominthe

workplace.

43.Abusinessprofessorsaysthatafuturecityshouldhaveeasyaccesstointernational

transportation.

44.Accordingtoanurbandesignprofessor,itisdifficultforcitydesignerstoforesee

whathappeninthefuture.

45.ParkYeonSoo,whoenvisionedSongdo,feelsaparentalconnectionwiththecity.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

uestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)f

B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

uestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ThefifthlargestcityintheUSpassedasignificantsodataxproposalthatwilllevy

(征税)1.5centsperliuidounceondistributors.

Philadelphia'snewmeasurewasapprovedbya13to4citycouncilvote.Itsetsa

newbarforsimilarinitiativesacrossthecountry.Itisproofthattaxesonsugarydrinks

canwinsubstantialsupportoutsidesuper-liberalareas.Untilnow,theonlycityto

successfullypassandimplementasodataxwasBerkeley,California,in2022.

Thetaxwillapplytoregularanddietsodas,aswellasotherdrinkswithadded

sugar,suchasGatoradeandicedteas.It'sexpectedtoraise$410millionoverthenext

fiveyears,mostofwhichwillgotowardfundingauniversalpre-kindergartenprogram

forthecity.

Whilethecitycouncilvotewasmetwithapplauseinsidethecouncilroom,

opponentstothemeasure,includingsodalobbyists,madesharpcriticismsanda

“Thetaxpassedtodayunfairlysinglesoutbeverages-includinglow-andno-calorie

choices."saidLaurenKane,spokeswomanfortheAmericanBeverageAssociation.”

Butmostimportantly,itisagainstthelaw.Sowewillsidewiththemajorityofthe

peopleofPhiladelphiawhoopposethistaxandtakelegalactiontostopit.

Anindustry-backedanti-taxcampaignhasspentatleast$4millionon

advertisements.Theadscriticizedthemeasure,characterizingitasa"grocerytax."

Publichealthgroupsapplaudedtheapprovedtaxasasteptowardfixingcertain

lastinghealthissuesthatplagueAmericans.Themovetorecaptureasmallpartofthe

profitsfromanindustrythatpushesaproductthatcontributestodiabetes,obesityand

heartdiseaseinpoorercommunitiesinordertoreinvestinthosecommunitieswillsure

beinspirationaltomanyotherplaces/'saidJimKrieger,executivedirectorofHealthy

FoodAmerica."Indeed,wearealreadyhearingfromsomeofthem.Ifsnot'just

Berkeley5anymore.，z

SimilarmeasuresinCalifornia'sAlbany,Oakland,SanFranciscoandColorado's

Boulderarebecominghot-buttonissues.Healthadvocacygroupshavehintedthateven

moremightbecoming.

46.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthenewly-approvedsodataxinPhiladelphia

A)Itwillchangethelifestyleofmanyconsumers.

B)ItmayencourageotherUScitiestofollowsuit.

C)Itwillcutsodaconsumptionamonglow-incomecommunities.

D)Itmayinfluencethemarketingstrategiesofthesodabusiness.

47.Whatwilltheopponentsprobablydotorespondtothesodataxproposal

A)Bargainwiththecitycouncil.C)Takelegalactionagainstit.

B)Refusetopayadditionaltax.D)Trytowinpublicsupport.

48.Whatdidtheindustry-backedanti-taxcampaigndoaboutthesodataxproposal

A)Ittriedtoarousehostilefeelingsamongconsumers.

B)Ittriedtowingrocers9supportagainstthemeasure.

C)Itkeptsendinglettersofprotesttothemedia.

D)Itcriticizedthemeasurethroughadvertising.

49.Whatdidpublichealthgroupsthinkthesodataxwoulddo

A)Alertpeopletotheriskofsugar-induceddiseases.

B)Helppeopletofixcertainlong-timehealthissues.

C)Addtothefundfortheirresearchondiseases.

D)Benefitlow-incomepeopleacrossthecountry.

50.Whatdowelearnaboutsimilarmeasuresconcerningthesodataxinsomeother

cities

A)Theyarebecomingrathersensitiveissues.

B)Theyarespreadingpanicinthesodaindustry.

C)Theyarereducingtheincidenceofsugar-induceddiseases.

D)Theyaretakingawayalotofprofitfromthesodaindustry.

PassageTwo

uestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Poppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterly

harmless,butEurope'sstockoftheseuick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonas

nearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound.Andtheproblemisgrowing.Withcosts

fallingandkitchenappliancesbecoming“status“items,ownersarethrowingaway

microwavesafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaves

whichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.

AstudybytheUniversityofManchestercalculatedtheemissionsofCO2—the

maingreenhousegasresponsibleforclimatechange—ateverystageofmicrowaves,

frommanufacturetowastedisposal."Itiselectricityconsumptionbymicrowavesthat

hasthebiggestimpactontheenvironment,"saytheauthors.Theauthorsalsocalculate

thattheemissionsfromusing19microwavesoverayeararethesameasthosefrom

usingacar.Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocus

onimprovingconsumerawarenessandbehaviour.Forexample,consumerscoulduse

appliancesinamoreefficientwaybyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood.

However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagement,arguesthat,although

microwavesuseagreatdealofenergy,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothose

fromcars.IntheUKalone,therearearound30millioncars.Thesecarsemitmorethan

allthemicrowavesintheEU.Backingthisup,recentdatashowthatpassengercarsin

theUKemitted69milliontonsofCO2in2022.Thisis10timestheamountthisnew

microwaveovenstudyestimatesforannualemissionsforallthemicrowaveovensin

theEU.Further,theenergyusedbymicrowavesislowerthananyotherformof

cooking.Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethe

mostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastandardoven.Thus,rising

microwavesalescouldbeseenasapositivething.