2019北师大版高中英语选修四UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 知识清单(教师版)

阅读单词认读compromisen.折中,妥协tankn.(储存液体或气体的)箱,罐drummern.鼓手drumvi.击鼓,打鼓n.鼓propertyn.房产;所有物;财产chorusn.齐声;副歌;合唱团remoteadj.偏僻的,偏远的tailorn.(男装)裁缝literallyadv.确实地balconyn.阳台unsuspectingadj.无提防之心的,无疑心的bombn.炸弹generaln.将军,上将trenchn.战壕,堑壕frontiern.国界,边境murdern.谋杀,凶杀;谋杀罪bordern.国界,边界;边境地区civiliann.平民,老百姓machinegun机关枪identificationn.身份证明(文件)wardn.病房surgeonn.外科医生tobaccon.烟叶,烟草cigaretten.香烟alcoholn.含酒精饮品;酒obesityn.肥胖(症)taxn.税,税款sacredadj.神圣的重点单词识记detectvt.发现,察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)somewhatadv.有点,有几分monitorvt.监督;监视;监测,检测n.显示器,监视器self-controln.自制力;自我控制plugvt.把……塞住,堵塞;填塞packvi.&vt.打包n.包,包裹voten.投票(指行为);票数ceasevt.&vi.停止,终止,结束bitteradj.愤愤不平的;带来痛苦的,令人难过的;苦的anyhowadv.(非正式)尽管如此;至少edgen.边缘,外围arrestvt.逮捕,拘捕;抑制;阻止keenadj.着迷的,有强烈兴趣的bothervt.&vi.(使)担心,(使)生气,(使)苦恼recallvi.&vt.回想,回忆起firmlyadv.坚定地,坚决地soldiern.士兵,军人fleevi.&vt.逃离,逃走weepvi.&vt.哭泣,流(泪)panicn.惊恐,惶恐,惊慌prayvi.&vt.祈求;祈祷pilen.一大堆displayvt.展示,陈列temporaryadj.暂时的,临时的;短期的midnightn.子夜,午夜dozennum.一打ceremonyn.仪式,典礼incidentn.(尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件banvt.禁止,取缔n.禁令,禁止falseadj.不正确的,错的;假的,不真实的permanentadj.永久的,长久的carpetn.地毯anklen.脚踝requestn.&vt.请求,要求核心词汇拓展negotiatevi.&vt.谈判,协商→negotiationn.谈判;协商inquirevi.&vt.询问,打听→inquiryn.询问;打听resolvevt.解决(问题、困难);决定→resolutionn.决定;解决→resolutelyadv.坚决地;坚定地annoyingadj.讨厌的,令人气恼的→annoyedadj.烦恼的,生气的→annoyvt.使生气,惹恼inconveniencen.不便,麻烦→conveniencen.方便,便利→inconvenientadj.不方便的→convenientadj.方便的ashamedadj.内疚的,惭愧的;羞耻的→shamen.羞耻,惭愧→shamefuladj.可耻的;丢脸的maturityn.成熟→matureadj.成熟的→immatureadj.不成熟的assignvt.分配,分派,指派(任务)→assignmentn.任务complaintn.投诉→complainv.抱怨;投诉warningn.警告,警示;告诫→warnv.警告departuren.离开,起程→departv.离开,出发prejudicedadj.有偏见的,有成见的,歧视的→prejudicen.偏见vt.使怀有偏见;损害pleasantadj.礼貌而友善的,和蔼可亲的→pleasedadj.高兴的;满意的→pleasev.使高兴→pleasuren.高兴,愉快,乐趣,乐事violencen.暴力行为,暴力→violentadj.暴力的;猛烈的→violentlyadv.激烈地,剧烈地;凶猛地,暴力地toleratevt.忍受;忍耐;容忍;宽容→tolerancen.容忍;忍受;宽容→tolerantadj.宽容的;容忍的withdrawvi.&vt.(使)退出(活动、组织等);提,取;撤回→withdrawaln.撤回;收回;退出representativen.代表,代理人→representvt.代表;象征greetvt.问候,迎接,招呼→greetingn.问候;招呼mudn.泥,烂泥→muddyadj.多泥的,泥泞的distributevt.分发,分配,分送→distributionn.分配;分布appreciationn.感激→appreciatevt.感激;欣赏;领会→appreciativeadj.欣赏的friedadj.油炸的,油煎的→fryvt.&vi.油炸;油煎n.炸薯条harmvt.伤害n.损害,危害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的desirableadj.理想的,值得拥有的;值得做的→desiren.渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望investvi.&vt.投资→investmentn.投资concludevt.作出结论,推断出→conclusionn.结论;推论beneficialadj.有利的,有帮助的,有用的→benefitn.利益;好处v.使获益;受益于recoveryn.康复,痊愈→recoverv.恢复;痊愈looseadj.松的;宽大的→looselyadv.松散地;宽松地→loosenv.放松;(使)变松;松开(手等)greedn.贪欲,贪婪→greedyadj.贪婪的核心短语速记bedrivenmad被逼疯了beexposedto暴露于fromthenon从那时起takeaction釆取行动cometoaresolution作出决定achorusofcomplaints齐声抱怨gobacktonormal恢复正常beprejudicedagainst对……有偏见actofviolence暴行inaflash立刻,一瞬间befedup(totheneck)with(极度)厌倦settheballrolling使某种活动开始presentsbwithsth授予/赠予某人某物takesbinone’sarms把某人拥在怀里beadaptedfrom根据……改编outstandingadj.杰出的;显著的overcomevt.克服;战胜overheadadj.在头上方的;高架的overlookvt.忽略;俯瞰;远眺overweightadj.超重的passportn.护照patiencen.容忍;耐心patternn.式样peacefuladj.和平的;安宁的performern.执行者;演奏者Beingsingle,MaMingoftenheldpartiesatnight,butthebiggestproblemwashistendencytodrumlateatnight.(being＋adj.作状语)马明是个单身汉,经常在晚上开派对,但最大的问题是他常常打鼓到深夜。Sheaddedthatitwasn’tonlythewaterfallingontotheirbalconyfromSmithwateringhisplantsthatbotheredthem,butalsothewayhecleanedhisfishtanks.(notonly...butalso...不但……而且……)她还说,困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水,还有他清理鱼缸的方式。We’dbesittingtherehappilyreadingournewspapers,whensuddenlysomuchwaterwouldcomefromabovethatwe’dbeaswetasifwehadshoweredwithourclotheson！(asif引导虚拟语气)我们本来高兴地坐在阳台看报纸,突然间很多水从天而降,把我们都给浇湿了,就像穿着衣服洗了个澡一样！HeandhisfamilywereeatingbreakfastwhentheAmericansoldiersenteredthevillageandorderedallciviliansoutoftheirhomes.(bedoing...when...正在做……突然……)他和家人正在吃早餐,这时美军士兵进村了,命令所有村民从家里出来。Bythelookofthem,theirtrencheswereinasbadastateasourown.(as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as像……一样)从样子上可以看出,他们的战壕和我们的一样糟糕。Thegeneralwascomingtogivehimtheawardbecausehehappenedtobenumber20,000tocomethroughthishospital.(happentodosth碰巧做某事)将军是来给他颁奖的,因为他正好是进入这家医院的第两万个病人。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文,然后核对答案并背诵该短文。negotiate,resolve,complaint,pleasant,request,annoyed,compromise,recoveryMaria,wifeofKen,requestedthatthegovernmentshouldissueabanonalcoholbecausealcoholhadharmednotonlyKenbutalsoher.Kenwasanalcoholic.Thetoughguy,whowasonceabravesoldierfightingbravelytodefendthecountry,coulddrinkdozensofbeersaday.Thenhewouldbehaveasifhewerefiringamachinegun,afterwhichhewouldprayandabuseviolence.Mariaoncegotabrokenanklebecauseofthis.Hemightdrumonthebalconyatmidnightordestroyothers’properties,whichcausedachorusof2.complaints.Theneighbourscouldn’ttoleratehimanylongerandgavehimawarning,hopingthathecouldceasedoingso.Kenwasliterallya3.pleasantpersonduringhistemporarysobriety(清醒)andhewasashamedofhisbehaviour.He4.negotiatedwithafewrepresentativesandreacheda5.compromise.Ifhedidsuchthingsagain,hewouldmovetoaremotevillage.However,whenhestoppeddrinking,hewasbitterabouteverythinghecouldrecallaboutthewar.Hebecame6.annoyedeasilyandweptfornoreason,consideringhimselfamurdererwhoshouldbearrested.Hehadnevermadeafull7.recoveryfromthewar.Afterknowingthereason,thecommunitycommitteewantedto8.resolveKen’sproblempermanently.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇panicn.惊慌;恐慌vi.&vt.(panicked,panicked)(使)惊慌/恐慌inpanic惊慌失措地getintoapanic陷入恐慌panicsbintodoingsth使某人惊慌地做某事(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)简陷入了恐慌,她的心脏跳动得如此剧烈,以至于她感觉快要窒息了。Janegotintoapanic,andherheartbeatsoviolentlythatshefeltnearlysuffocated.(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)野狼的吼叫吓得我尖叫起来,我不知道如何缓解这无法抵挡的恐惧。Theroarofthewildwolfpanickedmeintoscreaming,andIwasn’tawareofhowtoeasetheoverwhelmingpanic.当看到那头凶猛的熊拍打我们的栅栏时,我惊慌失措地尖叫。(2020·浙江7月,读后续写)Seeingthefiercebearhittingourfence,Iscreamedinpanic.distributevt.分发;分配(distributionn.分配;分发;分布状态)distribute...to...把……分发给……distribute...among...在……中分发……Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistribution(distribute)oftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thereliefagencywilldistributethefoodamongseveralcountries.Don’tbothertodistributethebookstous—wewilltakethemourselves.toleratevt.容忍;允许;忍受(tolerantadj.忍受的,容忍的;宽容的tolerancen.容忍;忍耐力)tolerate(sb)doing...容忍(某人)做……betolerantof/towards对……容忍/宽容Iliterallywouldn’ttoleratebeingwoken(wake)upbythenoiseofdrumatmidnight.However,wecanbetolerantof/towardsdelay,forordinarylivingrequiressometolerance(tolerate).(应用文写作之建议信)我坚信你对你的新室友宽容是很明智的。Ifirmlybelievethatitiswiseofyoutotolerate/betolerantof/towardsyournewroommates.banvt.禁止;取缔n.禁令;禁止bandoingsth禁止做某事bansbfrom(doing)sth禁止某人(做)某事abanon...对……的禁令Whenthetwocountrieswereatwar,civilianswerebannedfromcrossingtheborderanyhow.Thegeneralbannedcoming(come)outofthetrencheswithoutpermission.(应用文写作之告知信)虽然政府颁布了一条针对塑料袋的禁令,但人们仍在大量使用塑料袋。Whilethegovernmenthasissuedabanonplasticbags,peoplearestillusinglargequantitiesofthem.concludev.断定,推断出;得出结论;使结束,终止(conclusionn.结论)conclude(...)from...从……中得出/推断出(……)conclude...with...以……结束……toconclude总而言之,最后draw/cometo/arriveat/reachaconclusion得出结论bring...toconclusion结束……inconclusion最后,总之Thegeneralconcludedhisinspiringspeechwithafamoussaying,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”＝Thegeneralbroughthisinspiringspeechtoconclusionwithafamoussaying,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”总之,你的切实可行的建议一定可以使我们的关于中国传统文化的主题班会吸引更多的外国人。(2021·全国甲,书面表达)Toconclude/Inconclusion,yourpracticalsuggestionsareboundtomakeourthemeclassmeetingabouttraditionalChineseculturesappealtomoreforeigners.(读后续写之亲情升华句)我从自己的经历中得出结论：“在生活这片波涛汹涌的大海中,家庭就是一件救生衣。”Iconcludedfrommyownexperience,“Familyisalifejacketinthestormyseaoflife.”(conclude)Icameto/reached/arrivedat/drewaconclusionfrommyownexperience,“Familyisalifejacketinthestormyseaoflife.”(conclusion)recoveryn.恢复;复苏;康复(recovervi.&vt.痊愈;恢复;重新获得;复苏)makearecoveryfrom从……中恢复recoverfrom从……中恢复recoveroneself镇定下来;清醒过来(读后续写之情感描写)哭了大约半个小时后,她逐渐恢复了过来。Afterweepingforabouthalfanhour,shegraduallyrecoveredherself.(应用文写作之安慰信)我真诚地希望你很快从疾病中完全康复。Isincerelyhopethatyouwillmakeacompleterecoveryfromthediseasesoon.(recovery)Isincerelyhopethatyouwillcompletelyrecoverfromthediseasesoon.(recover)requestvt.&n.要求;请求requestsbtodosth请求某人做某事requestthat...(should)dosth请求……Itisrequestedthat...(should)dosth.要求……atone’srequest(＝attherequestofsb)应某人的要求Thetailorwasrequestedtorecall(recall)thedetailsoftheincidentbythepoliceman.Thepolicerequestedthatbothsides(should)cease(cease)violence,ortheywouldbearrested.Thedrummerstoppedpractisingplayingthedrumatnightattherequestofhisneighbours.(应用文写作之通知)据要求那些参加仪式的人应该穿校服。Itisrequestedthatthosewhoattendtheceremonyshouldwearschooluniforms.happentodosthThegeneralwascomingtogivehimtheawardbecausehehappenedtobenumber20,000tocomethroughthishospital.将军是来给他颁奖的,因为他正好是进入这家医院的第两万个病人。sthhappens/happenedtosb某事发生在某人身上sbhappens/happenedto＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth某人碰巧做某事,bedoingsth某人碰巧正在做某事,havedonesth某人碰巧做过某事))Ithappens/happenedthat...碰巧……Ithappenedthattheplantdowntownneededeightkidsfortemporaryhelpduringourspringbreak,forwhichIhadnoplansbeyondlisteningtomyfavoriterecords.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)Ihappenedtohavewithdrawn(withdraw)somemoneyfromtheATMsothatIcouldlend200dollarstoyou.信不信由你,几个月前我第一次碰巧读《青年报》时,我有一种想一口气读完它的冲动。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ,写作)Believeitornot,thefirsttimeIhappenedtoreadthenewspaperYouthacoupleofmonthsago,Ifeltanurgetofinishreadingitinonebreath.(应用文写作之安慰信)听说不好的事情发生在你身上了,我非常难过,我写信是为了给你提供一些好的建议。IamterriblysorrytohearthatsomethingbadhashappenedtoyouandIamwritingtoprovideyouwithsomegoodsuggestions.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.(2022·全国乙)有些早晨,罗莎蒙德和多萝西来到学校,发现孩子们冻得在哭。AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguinslongingtosayhello.(2022·全国甲)当GinniBazlinton到达南极洲时,她发现一群渴望说你好的小巴布亚企鹅向她打招呼。IgotintoapanicasIpressedfirmlyagainstthetableandmovedmyheadaroundtryingtofindtherightangle,butitwasnouse.(2021·浙江1月)我紧紧地贴在桌子上,四处转头试图找到合适的角度,但没有用,这时我陷入了恐慌。ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.(2021·浙江1月)科学家们通过跟踪并拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群体,研究了5000多个有意义的交流事件,发现了这一点。ThoseviewingthequalityofAbbotHall’stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacitygallery.(2020·全国Ⅱ)那些观看阿博特大厅临时展览的人可能会被原谅他们认为自己是在一间城市画廊里。Butourinsistingit’smerelyawindowhaskeptthemfromattemptingmillionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.(2020·全国Ⅰ)但我们坚持这只是一扇窗户,阻止了他们尝试数百万次打开大门的请求。Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.(2020·新高考全国Ⅱ)营员们学习烤、炸、切的技术,以及一些可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.(2020·全国Ⅰ)但这项运动奇怪的形式确实给脚踝和臀部带来了相当大的压力,因此有过此类受伤史的人在选择这项运动时可能要谨慎。Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.(2019·全国Ⅰ)虽然太阳光线会老化并伤害我们的皮肤,但它们也会给我们提供有益的维生素D。Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.(2019·北京)他们总结,如果任务的依存度较高,当人才过多时,团队表现会变差,而如果任务的依存度较低,个别的人才会对团队表现产生积极影响。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍monitorA.vt.监控B.n.显示屏C.n.班长Ineachgroup,thebiggestoroldestpupilismadeamonitor.CThepoliceuseelectronicequipmenttomonitorthewhereaboutsofyoungcriminalsonprobation.AHewaswatchingagameoftennisonatelevisionmonitor.BarrestA.vt.逮捕B.vt.阻止，抑制C.vt.吸引D.n.逮捕Thedrugisusedtoarrestthespreadofthedisease.BIarrestyouinthenameofthelaw.ANewsofhisarrestcausedasensation.DAnunusualnoisearrestedhisattention.CremoteA.遥远的；偏僻的B.远亲的C.远程的D.冷漠的；疏远的E.细微的，渺茫的Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.AThereisstillaremotechancethattheywillfindheralive.EThisgovernmentdependsonthewishesofafewwhoareremotefromthepeople.DInevergetuptoturnonthetelevision;Iusetheremotecontrol.CHeisoneofmyremotecousinsandwehavebeenintouchwitheachothersinceweparted.B快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。Dogshaveakeensenseofsmell.敏锐的Thecarshadtoberecalledduetoanenginefault.召回Fourpaintingsstolenfromthegalleryhavebeenrecovered.重新获得Whensheopenedthedoor,shewasgreetedbyasceneofutterconfusion.映入……的眼帘Sheedgedalittleclosertomeandatlastwesnuggledtogethertokeepwarm.渐渐移动核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识Theparcelwasopenedandastrangefurryanimalwasreleasedfromit,makingthegirlscreaminpanic.Whenthetoysweredistributedtotheorphans,theyclaspedthepresentsfirmly.Thewritersighedheavilyandfrownedbecausehecouldn’ttoleratebeinginterrupted(interrupt)whenwriting.Studentswerebannedfromhanging(hang)outwiththehooligans(小混混)atnight.Asaconsequenceofthetreatment,hemadeacompleterecovery(recover)atlast.Thecasewasinvestigatedagainattherequestofthesupremecourt.Ihappenedtobehaving(have)lunchintheschoolcanteenwhentheconflictoccurredsuddenly.Theboyapologizedforhisrudenessandwasashamedofhisbehaviour.Manyexcellentworksareondisplayinthegalleryofourschool.Isincerelyapologizetoyouforanyinconvenience(convenient)causedbytheunexpectedchange.单句写作——应用文增分练(关于不能陪外国朋友去书店的道歉信)因为生病了,我不能按计划陪你去书店。(being＋adj.作状语)Beingill,Ican’taccompanyyoutothebookstoreasplanned.昨天,我在上体育课时突然晕倒了。(bedoing...when...)Yesterday,IwashavingthePEclasswhenIsuddenlyfainted.我不仅要待在家里,而且还要吃很多药。(notonly...butalso...)Ihavetonotonlystayathomebutalsotakealotofmedicine.我好像与外界隔绝了。(asif引导虚拟语气)ItseemsasifIwerecutofffromtheoutside.我希望能成为像你一样健康的人。(as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as)IhopethatIcanbeashealthyapersonasyou.此外,我的朋友杰伊这周六正好有时间。如果你不介意,他可以和你一起去。(happentodosth)Inaddition,myfriendJayhappenstohavetimethisSaturday.Hecangowithyouifyoudon’tmind.微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]情感描写annoyvt.使生气;惹恼ashamedadj.惭愧的,羞愧的;内疚的bitteradj.愤愤不平的;带来痛苦的keenadj.渴望的;着迷的weepv.哭泣,流泪panicn.恐慌;惊恐appreciationn.欣赏;感激动作描写detectvt.发现;查明monitorv.监视;监听drumvi.打鼓,击鼓ceasev.停止;终止greetvt.同……打招呼fleev.迅速离开;逃离prayvt.祈祷;请求recallv.回想起环境描写remoteadj.偏僻的,遥远的frontiern.边界mudn.泥,烂泥midnightn.午夜,子夜wardn.病房ceremonyn.典礼,仪式sacredadj.神圣的[续写语料运用]请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇,完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。使James生气的是他将不得不参加颁奖典礼。他痛苦地回忆起了关于这场战斗的一切。曾经,他渴望在边境上作战。然而,当子弹飞过时,他陷入了恐慌,他的心怦怦直跳。他想逃跑,并祈祷战斗能尽快停止。突然他的左腿中了枪,倒进了泥里。当他在病房里苏醒后,他被告知他所有的战友都牺牲了。他感到既沮丧又羞愧,一直哭到午夜。WhatannoyedJameswasthathewouldhavetoattendtheawardceremony.Hebitterlyrecalledeverythingaboutthebattle.Oncehewaskeentofightonthefrontier.However,whenbulletswereflyingby,hegotintoapanicandhisheartwasdrummingfiercely.Hewantedtofleeandprayedthatthebattlewouldceaseassoonaspossible.Suddenly,hewasshotintheleftlegandfellintothemud.Whenhecametolifeintheward,hewastoldallhisfellowsoldiersdied.Feelingbothfrustratedandashamed,heweptuntilmidnight.词形变化填空(每小题2分,共16分)Sorryagainfortheinconveniencecausedbymycarelessness.CanIknowwhenitisconvenientforyoutogetyourparcel？(convenience)Itwasashamethathewascaughtcheatingagainandhewasashamedofhisshamefulbehaviour.(shame)Sincetheprofessorassignedthetasktous,wehavebeenoccupiedwiththeassignment.(assign)Talkingwithhimisapleasure,becausehischaracterispleasant.Everyoneispleasedtoworkwithhim.(please)Hishobbyofsmokingintheofficecausedachorusofcomplaints,andhiswifealsocomplainedtohimaboutit.(complain)Thetrafficpolicemanhadwarnedhimofspeedingseveraltimes,butheignoredallthewarnings.(warn)Thedeparturetimeofourflightisat6∶00am,sowehavetodepartfortheairportbefore4∶00inthemorning.(depart)Aftermuchtirelesswork,weallhadastrongdesireforadesirableresult.(desire)I,alongwiththreeotherrepresentatives,wenttotheairporttomeetforeignstudents,representingourschool.(represent)IamreallyappreciativeofyourtimelyhelpandIamwritingtoexpressmyheartfeltappreciation.(appreciate)Thoughheinsistedthattheproductwasharmless,therewasenoughevidencethatproveditwasharmfultotheenvironment.(harm)Heconcludedhisspeechwithaclusterofpowerfulsentences,fromwhichwedrewaconclusionthathewasaskilledspeaker.(conclude)Listeningtoothers’adviceisbeneficialtoyou,thatis,youwillbenefitfromadoptingothers’advice.(benefit)