新教材高中英语Unit3FestivalsandcustomsSectionⅡGrammarandusageIntegratedskills学案牛津译林版必修第二册

SectionⅡGrammarandusage&IntegratedskillsⅠ.核心单词1．____________vt.&vi.赚得；获利；赢得2．____________n.镜子3．____________n.公寓套房4．____________n.链子，链条；一系列；连锁店vt.用锁链拴住5．____________n.收入，收益6．____________prep.每，每一7．____________n.包，盒；包裹；一套，一揽子8．____________adj.月亮的，月球的9．____________n.尊敬，尊重；荣幸；荣誉vt.尊重，尊敬；给予表扬；信守10．____________n.一代人；代；一代；产生11．____________n.来源，起源；根源12．____________n.特性；身份13．____________n.责任，任务；上班，值班；职责，税Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．_______vt.&vi.赚得；获利；赢得→____n.薪水；工资2．____vi.&vt.寻找，搜寻；打猎，猎杀；追捕→____n．猎人3．____vt.促进，推动；促销；提升，晋升→____n.晋升；推销4．____vt.遵守；注意到；观察；庆祝→____n.观察→____n.观察者5．____n.民族，国家；国民→____adj.国家的→____n.国籍6．____adj.先前的，以往的；稍前的→____adv.以前；先前Ⅲ.重点短语1．______下定决心2．______剪断，剪掉3．______使世代相传，流传4．______适逢，正当5．______为向……表示敬意6．______使某人能够做某事7．______使某人充满对……的自豪感Ⅳ.重点句型德拉把头发剪掉，卖了二十美元。Della________andsolditfortwentydollars.►第一版块|重点词汇诠释1.earnvt.&vi.赚，挣得（钱等）；赢得earnone's/aliving(by…)(靠……)维持生计earn/makemoney赚钱，挣钱earnsb.sth.为某人赢得/博得……earnafame/areputation赢得名声earntherespect/trustofsb.＝(earnsb.'srespect/trust)赢得某人的尊敬/信任❶Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.我爷爷说去年夏天他们靠卖那些鱼赚了很多钱。❷Heearnshislivingbyteachingatalanguageschool.他靠在语言教书维持生计。❸Inordertosupporthisstudy，hisbrothercannotwaittoearnmoney.为了支持他的学业，他的哥哥迫不及待地要赚钱。❹Hisoutstandingabilityearnedhimaplaceontheteam.他非凡的能力为他在队中赢得了一席之地。❺ThatperformanceearnedheranOscarasBestActressinaLeadingRole.她在那部影片中的表现使她赢得了奥斯卡最佳女主角奖。❻Asateacher,shehasearnedtherespectofherstudents.作为教师，她已赢得她的学生的尊敬。名师点津earnone's/aliving短语中的one's和a不能换成the，且living只能用单数形式。即学即练完成句子①Moreandmorestudentsaretakingagapyearto________________(赚钱)tosupporttheirstudyfortheirdegree.②Henow__________________(谋生)bywritingnovels.③Asanewteacher,shehas__________________(赢得了我们的尊敬)becauseofherdevotiontomotevt.促进，增进；促销；推销；提升，晋升promotesb.to...提升某人为……promotionn.[C，U]晋升，提升；促销活动；[U]促进❶Ithaslongbeenknownthatregularexercisecanpromoteall－roundhealth.经常锻炼能促进全面健康，这一点已久为人知。❷Duringthesetwoweeks,wehavestudiedandlivedtogether,whichgivesustheopportunitytopromoteourfriendship.在这两周里，我们一起学习、生活，这给了我们增进友谊的机会。❸Wewillpromotesafedevelopment,andraisepublicawarenessthatlifemattersmostandthatsafetyesfirst.我们将倡导安全发展(理念)，增强生命至上、安全第一的公众意识。❹She'sinLondontopromotehernewbook.她在伦敦宣传她的新书。❺Advertisingpaniesarealwayshavingtothinkupnewwaystopromoteproducts.广告公司总是得想出新办法来促销产品。❻Sheworkedhardandwassoonpromotedtomanager.她工作努力，很快就被提升为经理。特别提示promote“提升，晋升”，常与介词to连用，尤用于被动语态。即学即练判断下列句子中promote的含义/完成句子①WhiletheoriginalpurposeoftheWorldPostDaywastopromotethepostalserviceworldwide,nowitssignificanceismoreaboutpostalculture.______②Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.______③Manyonlineshopswillgivecustomersagreatdiscount(折扣)topromotetheirgoods.______④Thelocalgovernmentdoesn'thavetosacrificeenvironmentalprotectionto_________(促进经济增长).3.observevt.庆祝，庆贺；vt.&vi.观察，监视，注视；观察到，注意到observe＋从句观察……observesb.doingsth.观察到/看到某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行)observesb.dosth.观察到/看到某人做某事(强调动作发生的全过程)observethelaw遵守法律observethelocalcustoms遵循当地习俗❶Ourteacherperformstheexperiment,whilewestudentsobservecarefully.我们老师做实验，同学们则认真观察。❷Theteacherrequiredthestudentstoobservehowpeopleinthegroupinteractedwitheachother.这位老师让学生们观察这个组内的人是如何相互交流的。❸Thepoliceobservedhimdrivingat90milesperhour.警察发现他正以90英里的时速驾车。❹Anoldmanobservedthethiefopenthewindowandrunaway.一位老人看到那个小偷打开窗户就跑掉了。❺Thelawmustbestrictlyobservedandanyonewhobreaksitshallbepunished.这项法律必须严格遵守，任何违反它的人都将受到惩罚。❻Youshouldobservethelocalcustomswhenyougoabroad.到了国外，你应该遵守当地的风俗。语境助记WhenwetakepartintheparadetoobservetheNationalDay,wemustobservethetrafficrules.Ifweobservesomeoneruntheredlight,weshouldstophim.当我们参加游行来庆祝国庆节的时候，我们必须遵守交通规则。我们如果看到有人闯红灯，应该阻止他。即学即练判断下列句子中observe的含义/单句语法填空①Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears,manystillobservethetraditionalChinesecustoms.______②Thescientistdevotedmostofhislifetoobservingthebehaviorofelephants.______③ThefirstUNChineseLanguageDaywasobservedonApril20attheUNHeadquartersinNewYorkin2010.______④WhenIpassedbyhishouse,Iobservedhim____(play)intheyard.⑤Thepoliceofficerobservedtheman____(enter)thebank.⑥Evidencegainedfrom____(observe)andexperimentisoftenusedtoconfirm(证实)ascientifictheory.4.honourn．[U]尊敬，尊重；[sing]光荣，荣幸；vt.尊敬，尊重（某人）；给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）inhonourofsb./sth.(＝insb.'s/sth.'shonour)为向……表示敬意havethehonourof(doing)sth.得到某殊荣，有幸做某事Itisanhonour(forsb.)todo...(对某人来说)做……是种荣幸。honoursb.withsth.某事使某人感到荣幸/给予某人表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号)be/feelhonouredtodosth.做某事感到荣幸❶Thestadiumwasnamedinhonouroftheclub'sfirstchairman.为了纪念俱乐部的第一任主席，该体育馆以他的名字命名。❷MayIhavethehonourofdancingwithyou?你能赏光和我跳舞吗？❸Itisagreathonourforustobeinvitedheretomunicatewiththescientistfacetoface.对我们来说，被邀请到这里和这位科学家面对面交流非常荣幸。❹Theuniversityhonouredthestudentwiththespecialprizeforhisacademicexcellence.这所大学给那个学生颁发了特别奖来表彰他的卓越学术(成就)。❺Iwashonouredtohavebeenmentionedinhisspeech.他在讲话中提到了我，我很荣幸。联想拓展相关词语积累：honourableadj.可敬的，值得钦佩的即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子①Ifeelgreatlyhonoured____(give)suchachancetoexpressmythankstothoseinsupportoftheprojectallthetime.②Hewashonoured____anawardforexcellenceinteaching.③被选中参加奥运会要承担巨大的责任，也享有极大的荣誉。It'sagreatresponsibilityand____________totakepartintheOlympics.④为纪念那些在大火中冒着生命危险抢救伤员的消防员，我们举行了一场仪式。Weheldaceremony____________thefirefightersriskingtheirlivestosavetheinjuredinthebigfire.5.identityn．[U]（区别人或群体的）特性；[C，U]身份asenseofidentity自我认同感national/cultural/socialidentity民族/文化/社会认同identitycard(IDcard)身份证identitytheft身份盗窃❶Ourstrongsenseofnationalidentityhasbeenshapedbyourhistory.我们强烈的民族认同感是由我们的历史塑造的。❷Threemonthshadpassed,buttheidentityofthekillerwasstillunknown.三个月过去了，杀人凶手的身份却仍未查明。特别提示形近词：identifyidentifyvt.确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出；vi.确定；认同，一致即学即练单句写作①他出示了一下身份证就进去了。________________________________________________________________________②孩子们需要安全感和自我认同感。________________________________________________________________________6.previousadj.以往的，先前的previousto在……之前，先于(to为介词)previouslyadv.以前❶ThemostpropertimeforourmeetingisprevioustoFriday.我们的会议最合适的时间是在星期五之前。❷Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleep.先前的研究也表明牛奶可以很好地帮助睡眠。❸ThosearewordsIhavenotpreviouslyusedinanyreports.那些词在以前的任何报告中我都未曾使用过。语境助记Previoustotheinterview,hehadpreparedforitverycarefully,sohefinallymanagedtobeadmittedtothepany.Becauseofhispreviousworkexperienceinabiggerpany，hedideverythingverywell.,在面试之前，他很认真地做好了准备，所以他最终进入了这家公司。因为他有以前在更大的一家公司工作的经验，所以他什么都做得很好。即学即练单句语法填空①Inthefollowingsection,studentrepresentatives____(previous)selectedaretosharethebookstheythinkreallydeservetoberead.②Theymadefullinvestigationspreviousto____(reach)aconclusion.7.dutyn．义务，责任；[pl.]工作任务，职责；[U]上班，值班Itissb.'sdutytodosth.(＝Itisthedutyofsb.todosth.)做某事是某人的责任haveadutytodosth.有义务做某事doone'sduty尽自己的责任asenseofduty责任感on/offduty值班(值勤)/下班(不值勤)❶Itisthedutyofeverycitizentoaskwhathecandoforhismunity.问问自己能为社区做些什么是每个公民的责任。❷Isupposewe'dbetterdoourdutyandreporttheaccident.我认为我们最好还是尽职尽责，报告这起事故。❸Thejobwillbeofferedtothemanwhohasrelevantworkexperienceaswellasastrongsenseofduty.这份工作将提供给有相关工作经验和强烈责任感的人。❹Yourdutieswillincludesettingupanewputersystem.你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统。❺Hegoesondutyat8amandesoffdutyat5pm.他上午8点去上班，下午5点下班回来。词语辨析dutyn．义务，责任，值班dirtyadj.肮脏的，下流的，暗淡的即学即练单句语法填空①Asafamouspublicfigure,youhaveaduty______(behave)yourself,especiallyinpublicplaces.②Peopleworking10or11hoursadayaremorelikelytosufferfromhealthproblemsthanthosewhogo____dutyaftereighthours.③—I'msorry.Isteppedoutsideforasmoke.Iwasverytired.—Thereisnoexcuseforthiswhileyouare____duty.►第二版块|重点句型解构(教材P34)Dellahadherhaircutoffandsolditfortwentydollars.德拉把头发剪掉，卖了二十美元。[句式分析]本句中“hadherhaircutoff”为“havesth.done”结构(1)该结构中，have为使役动词，sth.为宾语，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动含义，sth.与构成过去分词的动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。(2)该结构的意思是“使某事被做”，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做。此时have可用get替换。(3)有时该结构还可表示“遭遇/经历某种不幸的事(此事违背主语的意愿)”。❶Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。(“检查”的动作由医生来进行)❷ImusthavetheworkfinishedbeforeSunday.我一定要在周日前完成这项工作。(动作由主语自己“完成”)❸Becareful，oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.当心，否则你会弄伤手的。❹Unfortunately,lastspringhehadhishouseseriouslydamagedinanunexpectedhurricane.不幸的是，去年春天他的房屋在一场突如其来的飓风中严重受损。特别提示此结构是高中英语中的重点内容，常出现在高考题型语法填空中。即学即练单句语法填空①Richardgotveryupsetandhadhisarms____(cross)afterhearingthesadnews.②Asthewinner,JohnwillreceiveanewNikoncameraand$1，000incash,andhe'llhavehisphoto____(show)onthefrontpageofthenewspaper.Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Whenlioncubs(幼崽)areyoung,themotherstayswiththemwhilethefatherh____forfood.2．Manyonlineshopswillgivecustomersagreatdiscount(折扣)top____theirgoods.3．Therentofmy____(公寓套房)isveryhigh,foritisconvenientfortheshoppingcenterandtherailwaystation.4．Mostofhis____(收入)isspentonhishouseeverymonth.5．Peopleshould____(遵守)thetrafficruleswhentheytraveltoanewplace.6．Everyonehastoshowtheir____(身份)cardwhentheybuyatrainticketinChina.7．Ourdepartmentusuallybeginsanewweekafterreviewingthe____(先前的)week'swork.8．Theteacherdecidedtogivethetasktothemanwhohadastrongsenseof____(责任).Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Myunclewaspromoted____headmasterlastmonth.2．Joiningthefirmasaclerk,hegotrapid____(promote)andendedupasamanager.3．Thetwenty－foursolartermsweredevelopedmainlythroughthe____(observe)ofchangesinseasons.4．YifuLibrarywasnamedinhonour____abusinessmandevotedtoChina'seducation.5．SinceyouaskedmeabouttheNationalDaycelebrationsthisyear,Iamhonoured____(tell)yousomedetails.6．Manystudentstendtofeelnervousprevious____exams.7．Thepoliceofficersare____dutyduringtheSpringFestivalsothatpeoplecanhaveapeacefulandhappyfestival.8．Itiseverybody'sduty____(protect)endangeredspecies,likethegiantpanda.9．IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph____(take).语法精讲过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。一、过去将来时的构成(以动词do为例)肯定句：主语＋would＋do＋其他．否定句：主语＋wouldnot＋do＋其他．一般疑问句：Would＋主语＋do＋其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词＋would＋主语＋do＋其他？[1]Hehopedtheconcertwouldhavearelaxedatmosphere.他希望音乐会的氛围会很轻松。[2]Theytoldmethattheyprobablywouldn'te.他们对我说他们很可能不会来。[3]Wouldheturnupatthemeetingontimeifhetookataxithen?如果他当时乘坐出租车能准时出席会议吗？[4]Whatwouldyoudoifyouweretherethattime?当时如果你在场你会做什么呢？二、过去将来时的基本用法1．表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中。[5]Hesaidhewouldgotothenorthfortheholiday.他说他将去北方度假。2．表示过去的某种习惯性行为(不管什么人称，都用would)。[6]Wheneverhehadtime,hewouldhelpvillagerswiththeirwork.他一有时间就帮村民们干活。三、过去将来时的其他几种表达方式1．was/weregoingtodo表示过去打算或计划将要做什么。[7]Shesaidshewasgoingtoreservetwoticketsinadvance.她说她打算提前订两张票。2．was/wereabouttodo表示过去即将发生的动作，不和表示时间段的状语连用。[8]Shewaiteduntilhewasabouttoleave.她等着一直到他准备离开。3．was/weretodo表示过去计划或安排将要做某事。[9]Hesaidhewastoarrangehisholidaywithhiselderbrotherinaweek.他说一周后他将安排和他哥哥的假期。4．was/weredoing这种表达方式仅限于某些表示位移的动词，如e，go，arrive，leave等，表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。[10]Ididn'tknowwhentheywereingtoexploreforoilagain.我不知道他们什么时候再来勘探石油。5．用某些动词的过去式表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事。[11]TheytoldmeschoolbeganonSeptember1st.他们告诉我9月1日开学。6．was/wereonthepointofdoing表示“正要……时”。[12]Shewasonthepointofwinningfirstplacewhensheslippedandfell.她即将获得第一名的时候滑倒了。【随堂自测】Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Iaskedhimtogiveupsmoking,buthesaidhe______(notdo)it.2．Whenhe________(open)thedoor,hefoundhehadlefthiskeysinthecar.3．ThismorningIthoughtI________(have)atalkwithyoutonight.4．He________(speak)atthemeeting,buthisheartattackpreventedhim.5．—JackhasreturnedfromAmerica.—Really?I________(call)himwhenyoucamein.Ⅱ.完成句子1．彼得刚要离开办公室，这时铃响了。Peter________theoffice____thetelephonerang.2．玛丽告诉我们，如果下雨的话，她就不和我们一起去了。Marytoldusthatshe________withusifitrained.3．妈妈许诺来年要带我去北京。Motherpromisedthatshe________metoBeijingthenextyear.4．