2024版高考英语一轮总复习教材复习Unit1ScienceFiction教师用书新人教版选择性必修第四册

Unit1ScienceFictionⅠ．词块记单词1．withdignity有尊严地；彬彬有礼2．abigsalary高工资3．dismissTony解雇托尼，让托尼离开4．onadailyorweeklybasis每天或每周5．chairwomanofthestudentunion学生会女主席6．becomesuperior变得更好7．fetchsomething去拿东西8．mypacegrowsfaster我的速度变得更快9．lookattherandomthings看看这些随机闪现的东西10．atmaximumspeed以最高的速度11．admireone'swisdomandintegrity钦佩某人的智慧和正直。12．suspendfromtheceiling吊在天花板上Ⅱ．语境记单词1．Hewasappointedasheadmasterandwantedtotellhisgirlfriendthegoodnewsattheappointedtime,butshemissedtheirappointmentsomehow．(appoint)2．I'dliketocarrylessguiltaroundconstantly．Ialwaysfeelguiltyfornoreason．(guilt)3．Thepeopleinthecoloniesdeclaredthattheywouldformtheirownstateandfinallysignedadeclarationofindependence．(declare)4．Shecalculatedthetotalnumberusingthecalculatorandittookhertwohourstocompletethecalculation．(calculate)5．Shedividedtheapplesamongthekidsandthedivisionwasquitefair．(divide)6．Realisingtherewasanurgentneedforfood,waterandmedicineinthedisasterareaandtheurgencyofmakingeverythingreturntonormal,thegovernmenttookmeasuresimmediatelytodealwiththeserioussituation．(urge)7．Abombexplodedinthecentreofthecityandtheexplosionkilledmorethan100people．(explode)Ⅲ．语境记短语1．TheyopenedasinglesportswearstoreinEuropetotestout(检验)themarket．2．Taskreportsaresubmittedbydevelopersonaweeklybasis(以周为单位)．3．Thehousefellaway(消失)asweleftthecity．4．EventhestudentswhousedtodislikeEnglishhaveturnedout(结果是)tobeinterestedinthesubject．5．Theiropinionontheaccidentconflictedwith(与……冲突)ours．6．Alantookover(接管)thefarmwhenhisfatherdied．7．Thecoupleconsiderthemselvessuperiorto(优于)mostotherpeople,althoughtheymaynotsayso．8．Wehaveanurgeto(有强烈的欲望)giveadviceimmediatelytomakethepersonfeelbetterortrytofixtheproblem．9．Theopeningspeechessoundedmorelike(更像是)declarationsofwarthanofferingsofpeace．10．Annelooksattheprosandcons(事物的利与弊)ofmakingchangestoyourproperty．Ⅳ．公式练句型1．这位老年人走路好像醉了似的。(asif引导的状语从句)Theoldmanwalksasifheweredrunk．2．不是你被给予了什么而是你如何利用它才决定着你是谁。(强调句)Itisnotwhatyouaregivenbuthowyoumakeuseofitthatdetermineswhoyouare．3．这是我的关于如何增强你和其他人交流能力的建议。(全部倒装)Herearemytipsonhowtostrengthenyourabilitytocommunicatewithothers．4．现在坐下来让自己舒服些。你一定很累了。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)Nowsitdownandmakeyourselfcomfortable．Youmustbeverytired．5．很显然，人工智能正在重塑我们的生活。(It＋be＋adj．＋that从句)Itisobviousthatartificialintelligenceisreshapingourlives．1．declarevt．表明；宣称；公布；宣布[素养佳句]Hedeclaredhisintentiontobecomethebestgolferintheworld．他表明了要成为世界上最佳高尔夫球手的意愿。(1)declarewaron向……宣战declareindependence/bankruptcy宣布独立/破产declare...(tobe/as)...宣布……成为……declarefor/against表示赞成/反对Itisdeclaredthat...(有人)宣布；据宣称……(2)declarationn．声称；声明——单句语法填空①Theaccusedmanwasdeclaredtobe(be)guiltybythecourt．②Iwasannoyedinthatperiodandstoppedpractising,declaring(declare)Ihadreachedtheceilingofmysingingcareer．③Itisdeclared(declare)thattherewillbenoschoolthisafternoon．④GermanydeclaredwaronFranceon3August1914．——句型转换Ourschooldeclaredthatthegirlwasheadofourdepartment．⑤Ourschooldeclaredthegirltobeheadofourdepartment．(把复合句改写成简单句)2．urgen．强烈的欲望；冲动vt．催促；力劝；大力推荐[素养佳句]OurteacherurgesustostudyhardwiththeCollegeEntranceExaminationdrawingnear．随着高考的临近，我们的老师敦促我们努力学习。(1)haveanurgetodosth．迫切想做某事(2)urgesth．/sb．on催促某物/某人前进urgesb．todo/intodoingsth．催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth．极力主张；强调……Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth．坚决要求……(3)urgentadj．紧急的；迫切的(4)urgencyn．紧急情况——单句语法填空①Iurgemycolleaguestojoin(join)meinsupportofthisplan．②Iurgethateveryone(should)save(save)energytoprotecttheEarth．③WhenpeopleaskmehowIstartedwriting,Ifindmyselfdescribinganurgent(urge)needthatIfelttoworkwithlanguage．——一句多译人们极力主张图书馆周末也开放。④Peoplestronglyurgethatthelibrary(should)bekeptopenduringtheweekend．(urgethat...)⑤Itisstronglyurgedthatthelibrary(should)bekeptopenduringtheweekend．(Itisurgedthat...)urge后面的名词性从句中谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”的形式表示虚拟，其中should可以省略。3．ona...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)[素养佳句](2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis．记住，即使是世界冠军运动员也要始终如一地练习他们的技能。(1)onadaily/weeklybasis每天/每周onaregularbasis＝regularly有规律地；定期地beonthebasisof...以……为基础/依据(2)basevt．以……为根据n．基部；基地；基础base...on/upon...把……建立在……上bebasedon/upon以……为基础/依据(3)basicadj．基础的；基本的(4)basicallyadv．基本上，大体上——单句语法填空①Withourknowledgebased(base)onpractice,wecanmakegreatcontributionstoourcountry．②First,heshowedusthebasic(base)stepsandskillsofpaper-cutting．——句式升级Therestaurantisbasedontrust,anditisworkingallright．③Basedontrust,therestaurantisworkingallright．(分词短语作状语)④Therestaurant,whichisbasedontrust,isworkingallright．(定语从句)4．superiorto比……更好；更胜一筹[素养佳句]Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitors．这一型号在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。bejuniorto比……年龄小/职位低beseniorto比……年长/职位高beinferiorto比……差/级别低——单句语法填空①Asisshowninthereport,onlyonesalesmanisseniortomeinthecompany．②Modernmusicisoftenconsideredinferiortothatofthepast．——一句多译西蒙比我小三岁，但我在公司比他职位低。③Simonisthreeyearsyoungerthanme,butIamjuniortohiminthecompany．(young)④Simonisthreeyearsjuniortome/juniortomebythreeyears,butIamjuniortohiminthecompany．(junior)自身含有比较意义的形容词(这些形容词没有比较级和最高级)：superior更高级的；上级的inferior更低级的；下级的senior年长的；高级的；地位较高的junior年少的；低级的；地位较低的5．完全倒装[素养佳句]ThePublicSquareisaneye-catchingsightofthecity．Therestandsastonesculptureofafamoushistoricalfigure．公共广场是这个城市引人注目的景观。那里矗立着一尊著名历史人物石雕像。使用完全倒装句的几种情况：(1)将here,there,now,then,in,out,off,away等表示地点或时间的副词或者介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be,come,go,remain,lie,run等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装。(2)在“主系表”结构中，作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时用完全倒装。(3)such作表语置于句首时用完全倒装。——单句语法填空①Theregoes(go)thebellforclass．Wemustgonow．②Outrushed(rush)theboy,crying．③Presentatthemeetingyesterdaywere(be)somefamousfigures．——句式升级AmanknownbythenameofTomlivedthere．④TherelivedamanknownbythenameofTom．(完全倒装)Ayoungwomansatbythewindowwithabookinherhand．⑤Bythewindowsatayoungwomanwithabookinherhand．(完全倒装)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的单复数形式要与后面的主语保持一致。完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。选词填空fallaway;fetch;division;testout;labour;turnout;random;suspend1．Welabouredalldayinthefieldssowefelttiredanddidn'twanttodoanything．2．Thevillagersusedtowalkamiletofetchwaterbutnowtheycangetcleanwatereasily．3．Thenewproductwhichwillbetestedoutnextmonthisacombinationoftraditionalmethodsandartificialintelligence．4．Hissupportersfellawayashispopularitydeclined．5．Thedivisionsbetweenthevariousclassesofsocietyarenotsosharplymarkedastheyusedtobe．6．ThepartyheldlastFridayturnedouttobeverysuccessful．7．Theconstitutionwassuspendedasthefightinggrewworse．8．Hepickedoutafewleathercoatsatrandomandsentthesalesmanaway．Ⅰ．语境猜词义1．(2022·浙江卷1月)Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere'sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist．n．额外的好处2．(2022·全国甲卷)Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries．adj．随意的3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs．v．爆炸4．(2020·天津卷)Together,thesedeephumanurgescountformuchmorethanambition．n．驱策力5．(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation．v．不予考虑Ⅱ．一词多义(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour．BA．vt．调整节奏B．n．速度；步速C．n．一步；一步的距离D．vt．走来走去Ⅲ．完成句子1．(2022·浙江卷6月写作)Thisexperiencemademerealisethattherearesomanypeopleinthisworldwhoneedourhelp．这次经历让我意识到这个世界上有那么多人需要我们的帮助。2．(2019·全国Ⅱ卷写作)Itisimportantthatyoushouldsetasidesometimeeverydayforsportssothatyoucankeepyourselfenergetic．重要的是，你应该每天留出一些时间做运动，这样你才能保持精力充沛。3．(2019·北京卷写作)Aslongaseachofusrespectsthelabour,wecancreatemoresocialwealth．只要我们每个人都尊重劳动者，我们就可以创造更多的社会财富。4．(2018·全国Ⅰ卷写作)Herecomesthetablemannersyou'reconcernedabout．这是你所关心的餐桌礼仪。Ⅰ．单词拼写1．Thesurveyusedarandom(随机的)sampleoftwothousandpeopleacrosstheMidwest．2．Scientificinventionshaveraisedlabour(劳动)productivitybyabigmargin．3．Manypeoplewerenotsatisfiedwiththepace(步伐)ofchange．4．Hewouldnotacceptthisofficeforsuchasmallsalary(薪水)．5．Theparentsfeltashamedoftheirsonwhenhewasdismissed(解雇)bytheboss．6．Ihaven'tcalculated(计算)thecostthatwewillspendintravelling．7．Theman'sparentsdeclared(声称)thattheydidn'twanttoseehimagain．8．Itaughtmydaughterhowtododivision(除法)attheageofsix．Ⅱ．单句语法填空1．Accordingtothenewevidence，thewomanwasdeclaredguilty(guilt)ofmurder．2．Accordingtotheregulations，thechairwomanhostsameetingonaweekly(week)basistodiscusstheworkarrangement．3．LindasaidshewouldmeetTomandthatshewouldn'ttellanyoneabouttheappointment(appoint)．4．Theyusuallyhavethemedicinetested(test)outbeforeputtingitintothemarketalloverthecountry．5．Afterthesecondexplosion(explode),allofLondon'smaintrainandsubwaystationswereshutdown．6．Hetoldusthathispredictionwasconfirmedbymakingacalculation(calculate)．7．Wedrovealongamuddy(mud)lanetoreachthefarmhouse．8．Itissaidthattheflourinthisfactoryissuperiortothatofotherfactories．9．Withlesstimespentfetching(fetch)water,girlshavemoretimetogotoschool．10．ThisChinesecompanyhasanurgent(urge)desiretokeeppacewiththedevelopmentofhightechnologyintheworld．Ⅲ．补全句子1．是我侄女去办公室给我拿手帕的。(强调句)Itwasmyniecewho/thatwenttotheofficetofetchthehandkerchiefforme．2．这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易辨认些。(make＋宾语＋宾补)Thismakesyournoteseasiertoreadwhenyoulookatthemlater．3．她站在门口，好像在等人似的。(asif)Shestoodatthegateasif(shewas)waitingforsomeone．4．山顶上矗立着一座古塔。(倒装句)Therestandsanancienttoweronthetopofthemountain．5．当她的小儿子再次对她说谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。(more...than...)Shewasmoresadthanangrywhenherlittlesonliedtoheragain．课时质量评价(三十二)选择性必修第四册UNIT1主题语境：科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全Ⅰ．阅读理解(2023·潍坊模拟)Electronicswoven(编织)intofabricspromisetoopenupallkindsofinterestingpossibilities,fromclothingthatmonitorsmuscleactivityandtracksbreathing,togarmentsthatcantalktooneanother．Developingpliablepowersourcestogowiththemisanequallyimportantfieldofresearch,soscientistsattheUniversityofBritishColumbiahaveputforwardaparticularlyimpressivesolutionthattheysaycouldbethefirsteverbatterythatisbothstretchableandwashable．Todevelopabatterywithsuchcapabilities,thescientistsreimaginedthewaythesedevicesareputtogether．Ratherthanformingalithium-ionbatterypackedwithhardenedmaterialsinsidearigidexterior,theteamturnedtoanalternativechemistryinzinc-manganese(锌锰)dioxide,whichisappealingforitslowcostandsafety．Thesematerialsweregrounddownintotinypiecesandinsetinapolymer(聚合物)toformverythinandstretchablelayers．“Wewentwithzinc-manganesebecausefordeviceswornnexttotheskin,it'sasaferchemistrythanlithium-ionbatteries,whichcanproducedeadlycompoundswhentheybreak，”saysNguyen．Theresultingbatteryisflexibleandcanbestretchedtotwiceitsnormallength．Meanwhile,ithasaspecificcapacityof160mAhg-1andkeeps75percentofitscapacityover500chargeanddischargecycles．Impressively,theteamfoundthebatterytowithstand39washcyclessofar．Theteamisnowworkingtoimprovethepoweroutputandlifetimeofthebattery,andsaysthecreationhasalreadyattractedcommercialinterest,withthecostexpectedtobesimilartoastandardrechargeablebattery．Theyimagineitbeingputtouseinwatchesandpatchesthatmeasurevitalsigns,andinsmartclothingthatdoesmuchthesamething．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款既可以拉伸又可以水洗的电池。1．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“pliable”inParagraph1?A．Strong． B．Multiple．C．Reliable． D．Flexible．D词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Developingpliablepowersourcestogowiththemisanequallyimportantfieldofresearch,soscientistsattheUniversityofBritishColumbiahaveputforwardaparticularlyimpressivesolutionthattheysaycouldbethefirsteverbatterythatisbothstretchableandwashable．”以及第四段中的“Theresultingbatteryisflexibleandcanbestretchedtotwiceitsnormallength．”可以推测画线词的意思是“柔韧的；可拉伸的”。故选D。2．Whatwasamajorconsiderationforintroducingzinc-manganesebattery?A．Safety． B．Hardness．C．Comfortableness． D．Convenience．A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ratherthanformingalithium-ionbatterypackedwithhardenedmaterialsinsidearigidexterior,theteamturnedtoanalternativechemistryinzinc-manganese(锌锰)dioxide,whichisappealingforitslowcostandsafety．”可知，科学家们采用锌锰电池的一个主要考虑因素是这款电池的安全性。故选A。3．WhichaspectofthenewbatteryimpressedtheresearchersinParagraph4?A．Itswashability．B．Itsstretchlength．C．Itsmassivecapacity．D．Itschargespeed．A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Impressively,theteamfoundthebatterytowithstand39washcyclessofar．”可知，新电池给研究人员留下了深刻印象的方面是它的可洗性。故选A。4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Electronicclothingiswellreceived．B．Clothingfittedwithanewbatteryisontheway．C．Aclothing-friendlybatterycanbeputthroughwash．D．Electronicswovenintofabricsopenuppossibilities．C主旨大意题。文章第一段引出话题，第二、三段主要讲科学家们在研究这款电池方面所做出的努力，第四段主要讲这款电池的特点，最后一段讲的是科学家们正在努力提高电池的功率输出和使用寿命以及它的使用前景，所以文章主要是围绕一款可水洗的电池展开的。故选C。Ⅱ．七选五AdvantagesofSolarPowerAsthenamesuggests,solarpowermakesthemostofthesunlightandisputtogooduseforitsusers．Despitesomedisadvantages,theadvantagesofitaresogreatthattheycannotbeignored．Inshort,thesolarelectricitysystemisanexcellentadditiontootherconventionalsourcesofenergy．1Asolarpanelsystem,whencoupledtoyourelectricfun