语言学概论智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下阜阳师范大学

语言学概论智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下阜阳师范大学阜阳师范大学

第一章测试

Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthespokenlanguage.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe_______.（）

A:prescriptive

B:descriptive

C:analytic

D:linguistic

答案:descriptive

Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?（)

A:Meaningfulness

B:Arbitrariness

C:Duality

D:Displacement

答案:Meaningfulness

Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa_______studyoflanguage.()

A:diachronic

B:prescriptive

C:synchronic

D:Comparative

答案:diachronic

Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemarepassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough_______,ratherthanbyinstinct.()

A:learning

B:teaching

C:books

D:bothAandB

答案:bothAandB

第二章测试

Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Notallthebackvowelsareroundedvowels.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Therulesgoverningthephonologicalpatterningarelanguagespecific.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Ofallthespeechorgans,the_______is/arethemostflexible.（）

A:lips

B:tongue

C:vocalcords

D:mouth

答案:tongue

Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds.()

A:voiced

B:consonantal

C:voiceless

D:vowel

答案:voiceless

________isavoicedalveolarstop.()

A:/b/

B:/d/

C:/z/

D:/k/

答案:/d/

Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe___________.()

A:inphonemiccontrast

B:theallophones

C:incomplementarydistribution

D:minimalpair

答案:inphonemiccontrast

A(n)___________isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.()

A:sound

B:allophone

C:phoneme

D:phone

答案:phoneme

第三章测试

Wordsarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Inflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Therearethreemorphemesintheword“reactivate”.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Fewwordscanbeaddedtoclosedclasswords.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Justasaphonemeisthebasicunitinthestudyofphonology,soisamorphemethebasicunitinthestudyofmorphology.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Theword______isnotacompound.()

A:raincoat

B:friendship

C:sunflower

D:moonwalk

答案:friendship

_________areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.()

A:Words

B:Sentences

C:Morphemes

D:Phonemes

答案:Morphemes

_________isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.()

A:Morpheme

B:Syntax

C:Grammar

D:Morphology

答案:Morphology

“-s”intheword“books”is_______.()

A:aninflectionalaffix

B:astem

C:aroot

D:aderivativeaffix

答案:aninflectionalaffix

_______arethosethatcanbeusedindependentlyandtheyarewordsbythemselves.()

A:Words

B:Boundwords

C:Freemorphemes

D:Boundmorphemes

答案:Freemorphemes

第四章测试

Averbphrasemustcontainaverb,butotherelementsareoptional.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Wh-movementregulatesthemovementofawh-phrasetoCunderCP.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Modifiersalwaysfollowthehead.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Threecriteriaareusuallyemployedtodetermineaword’scategory.Theyaremeaning,derivationanddistribution.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Minorlexicalcategoriesareopenbecausethesecategoriesarenotfixedandnewmembersareallowedfor.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare____innumber.()

A:large

B:finite

C:small

D:infinite

答案:finite

Whichofthefollowinglexicalcategoriesdoesnotbelongtothemajorlexicalcategories?()

A:Adjective

B:Preposition

C:Adverb

D:Noun

答案:Adverb

Whichofthefollowingpropertiesdoesnotbelongtocoordination?()

A:Coordinatedcategoriesmustbeofthesametype.

B:Thecategorytypeofthecoordinatephraseisdeterminedbythehead.

C:Acategoryatanylevelcanbecoordinated.

D:Thereisnolimitonthenumberofcoordinatecategoriesthatcanappearpriorto

theconjunction.

答案:Thecategorytypeofthecoordinatephraseisdeterminedbythehead.

Theheadofthephrase“verystrictwithstudents”is________.()

A:very

B:students

C:with

D:strict

答案:strict

Thesentence“Theywerewantedtoremainquietandnottoexposethemselves.”

isa________sentence.()

A:simple

B:coordinate

C:complex

D:compound

答案:simple

第五章测试

Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

“Itisraining.”isaone-placepredicationbecauseitcontainsoneargument.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Behaviouristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformasthesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Thegrammaticalityofasentenceisgovernedby_______.()

A:grammaticalrules

B:selectionalrestrictions

C:semanticfeatures

D:semanticrules

答案:grammaticalrules

7Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningarecalled______________.()

A:homonyms

B:antonyms

C:polysemy

D:hyponyms

答案:antonyms

“Ilostmywallet”_______“Ihaveawallet.”()

A:presupposes

B:isinconsistentwith

C:entails

D:issynonymouswith

答案:presupposes

Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?()

A:Senseisabstractanddecontextualized.

B:Senseisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.

C:Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

D:Senseisnotthemeaningcompliedindictionary.

答案:Senseisnotthemeaningcompliedindictionary.

“Alive”and“dead”are______________.()

A:gradableantonyms

B:Noneoftheabove

C:complementaryantonyms

D:relationalopposites

答案:complementaryantonyms

第六章测试

Utterancesalwaystaketheformofcompletesentences.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherJohnSearle.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Perlocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Themeaningofasentenceisabstract,butcontext-dependent.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.()

A:practicalusage

B:reference

C:speechact

D:context

答案:practicalusage

Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa(n)_________.()

A:expressive

B:utterance

C:constative

D:directive

答案:directive

__________isadvancedbyPaulGrice.()

A:CooperativePrinciple

B:Speechacttheory

C:PolitenessPrinciple

D:UniversalGrammar

答案:Speechacttheory

第七章测试

Thewaychildrenacquirethelanguageisoneofthecausesforlanguagechange.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Ingeneral,linguisticchangeingrammarismorenoticeablethanthatinthesoundsystemandthevocabularyofalanguage.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

“brunch”isawordformedbyabbreviation.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

It’simpossibleforaffixestobelost.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Thearrivalofanewwordisquiteobviousandoftendrawsattentionduetoitsnovelty.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Thelossofwordsoftentakesplacequicklyovertheashortperiodoftime.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Languageismovingtowardsgreaterinformality.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

第八章测试

Languageusevariesfromonespeechcommunitytoanother,fromoneregionalgrouptoanother,fromonesocialgrouptoanother,andevenfromoneindividualtoanother.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Twospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammar.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Innormalsituations,____speakerstendtousemoreprestigiousformsthantheir____counterpartswiththesamesocialbackground.()

A:female;male

B:male;female

C:young;old

D:old;young

答案:young;old

第九章测试

Thereexistsnoculturaloverlapbetweentwosocietiesowingtodifferencesinthecultures.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Acculturationistheprocesswherebyindividualsorgroupsofdifferingethnicityareabsorbedinthedominantcultureofasociety---thoughnotalwayscompletely.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Languageuseanditsmeaningareheavilytintedwithitsculture.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Languagehasplayedamajorroleinsocializingthepeopleandinperpetuatingculture,especiallyinprintform.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Theconnotativemeaningcanbefoundinadictionary.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Thelanguageapersonusesembodieshisculturalidentityandbackground.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

第十章测试

Theinteractionistclaimsthatthemodifiedlanguagewhichissuitableforthechild'scapabilityiscrucialinhislanguageacquisition.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Under-extensionhappenswhenachildtakesapropertyofanobjectandgeneralizesit.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Childrenfirstacquirethesoundsinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Thecapacitytoacquireone’sfirstlanguageisafundamentalhumantraitthatall

humanbeingsareequallywellpossessedwith.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Traditionalbehavioristsviewlanguageasakindofbehaviorandbelievethatlanguagelearningissimplyamatterof