菊与刀-中日文化差异

菊与刀（Thechrysanthemumandthesword）中日文化差异LookatJapan

frompainting从绘画看日本Ukiyo-e

--

Japanese

traditional

genrepainting浮世绘——日本人的传统风俗画

浮世绘，也就是日本的风俗画，版画。它是日本江户时代(1603～1867年间，也叫德川幕府时代)兴起的一种独特民族特色的艺术奇葩，是典型的花街柳巷艺术。主要描绘人们日常生活、风景、和演剧。浮世绘常被认为专指彩色印刷的木版画（日语称为锦绘），但事实上也有手绘的作品。Ukiyo-e,

alsoisJapanese

genrepainting,

printmaking.

It

istheJapanese

Edoperiod

(1603to

1867years,

alsocalled

theTokugawaShogunateera)

artsandauniquenational

characteristicsof

theriseofthe

art,

isatypical

red-lightdistrict.

Mainlydescribe

thedailylifeofthepeople,

landscape,

and

drama.Ukiyo-e

isoftenconsidered

refersto

colorprintingof

woodcut

(Japanese

calledJin

painted),

but

infactthereare

hand-painted

works.Inkpainting

--

the

traditionalpainting

Chinese水墨画——中国的传统绘画水墨画：由水和墨经过调配水和墨的浓度所画出的画，是绘画的一种形式，更多时候，水墨画被视为中国传统绘画，也就是国画的代表。也称国画，中国画。基本的水墨画，仅有水与墨，黑与白色，但进阶的水墨画，也有工笔花鸟画，色彩缤纷。后者有时也称为彩墨画。在中国画中，以中国画特有的材料之一，墨为主要原料加以清水的多少引为浓墨、淡墨、干墨、湿墨、焦墨等，画出不同浓淡（黑、白、灰）层次。别有一番韵味称为“墨韵”。而形成水墨为主的一种绘画形式。Inkpainting:fromthewater

andink

after

concentrationofthedeployment

ofwaterandink

painting

apicture,

isaform

ofpainting,

the

moretime,

inkpainting

isregardedas

China

traditionalpainting,

representativealso

isChinesepainting.

Alsoknownasthe

Chinesepainting,

China

painting.

Thebasic

painting,

only

waterand

ink,

blackand

white,

but

theadvanced

inkpainting,

thereare

exquisitebrushflowerandbirdpainting,

colorful.

Thelatterissometimesreferredtoas

theinkandcolorpainting.

TheChinesepainting,Chinesepainting

as

oneof

specialmaterial,

graphite

asthemainrawmaterialtowater

much

citedas

ink,

lightink,

inkdry,

wetink,

ink,

paintadifferentshade(black,

white,

gray)

level.

Don't

haveacharm

called"inkrhyme".

Andtheformationof

apaintingform

based

ink.Lookat

Japanfrom

folkart从曲艺看日本JapaneseDrama

--fromthe

witch

dance日本戏剧——源于巫神的舞蹈日本戏剧的源头，是原始的咒能。其产生主要源于宗教的咒能和生产的咒能。由巫女在镇魂招魂祭上做的手舞足蹈的动作发展为即兴乱舞。日本第一部和歌集《万叶集》的歌谣，就描绘了当时模仿山民猎鹿、渔夫捕蟹的表演动作。此外，在劳动的咒能中，还模仿了播种和收割的动作歌舞，或庆祝农业丰收，伴着鼓点，口念咒术，边歌边舞，或做出男女欢喜而拥抱的动作，以谢田神，称为田舞。Thesource

ofJapanese

drama,

istheoriginal

spell

can.

It

originatedfromthereligious

mantra

can

andproductionofthe

cursecan.

Bythe

witch

in

townsoulevocation

dancewithjoy

sacrifices

do

actiondevelop

improvisational

flurry.Japan'sfirst

collectionofWaka

"leavescollection"

songs,

just

atthetimedescribedthe

imitation

Mountain

Deer,

fisherman

crab

acting.

Inaddition,

thelabor

can

also

imitatethe

curse,

sowingandharvesting

movements

anddance,

or

aharvestfestival,

accompaniedby

drums,

Ireadthe

incantations,singanddance,

or

makethe

menandwomen

ofjoy

andembrace

theaction,tothank

God

calledTian

Tian,

dance.BeijingOpera

--

originatedinthe

KunquOpera

"thequintessenceofChineseculture“京剧——发源于昆曲的“国粹”京剧，又称平剧，中国五大戏曲剧种之一，腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏，被视为中国国粹。京剧是中国文化传统的重要表征之一。它是“地方戏时代”出现的最重要的剧种，是雅文化在中国文化整体中渐趋衰落的时代变革的产物。相对于超越了特定地域审美趣味的昆曲而言，它更多地是特定地域文化的产物；相对于昆曲所代表的文人士大夫趣味，它更接近于底层和民间的趣味，京剧的剧目系统更充分体现出其历史叙述的民间性或曰草根特性Beijingopera,

alsoknownas

PekingOpera,

oneofthe

fivemajor

operas

China,tone,

mainly

to

xipi

Erhuang,

and

gongsanddrums

accompaniment

by

thehuqin,

regardedas

thequintessenceof

Chinese.BeijingOperais

oneoftheimportant

symbolsoftraditionalChineseculture.

Itisthe"localoperaera"

themostimportantopera

isaproductof

elegantculturegradually

decline

inthe

eraofchange

in

theChinesecultureasawhole.

Withrespectto

beyondthe

specificgeographical

aesthetictaste

ofKunquOpera,

itismore

aproductofaspecificregionalculture;

relativetothe

KunquOpera

bytherepresentativeofthe

literati

taste,

itismoresimilartothe

bottom

andprivateinterest,

PekingOpera

repertoire

system

morefully

reflectthe

HistoricalNarrative

Folk

or

root

characteristics日本艺伎[1]（Geisha）产生于17世纪的东京和大阪。最初的艺伎全部是男性，他们在妓院和娱乐场所以演奏传统鼓乐、说唱逗乐为生。大约1750年左右，出现了第一个女艺伎。18世纪中叶，艺妓职业渐渐被女性取代，这一传统也一直沿袭至今。JapaneseGeisha

[1]

(Geisha)

producedinseventeenthCentury

inTokyoandOsaka.

Theoriginal

geisha

allaremen,

they

inthe

brothels

and

entertainmentplaytraditional

drummusic,

rap

amused

foraliving.

Around1750,

theemergenceof

thefirstfemale

geisha.

ThemiddleoftheeighteenthCentury,

thegeisha

profession

issubstitutedforgraduallybythefemale,

thistradition

hasbeen

followedsofar.Geisha

--

traditionalJapanese

occupation

hadtosay艺妓——不得不说的日本传统职业LookatJapan

fromthediet从饮食看日本ArtofJapanesecuisine

--

light料理——清淡的艺术品日本料理即和食，起源于日本列岛，是日语中“日本式烹饪”的意思，也在部分地区的现代汉语中使用，通常也指日本菜。当提到日本料理时，许多人会联想到寿司、生鱼片，或是摆设非常精致，有如艺术的怀石料理。Japanesecuisine

and

food,

originatedin

theJapanesearchipelago,

isinJapanese

"Japanese

cuisine"

meaning,

alsoused

inmodernChinese

insomeareas,

usuallyrefersto

Japanesefood.

Whenitcomesto

Japanesecuisine,manypeople

willthinkof

sushi,

sashimi,

or

equipment

isverydelicate,

like

artkaiseki.

However,

formany

Japanese,

Japanesecuisine

is

the

traditional

dailydiet,

especially

intheMeiji

Era

(1868-

1912)

formed

attheendofthe

diet.Japanesecuisine

and

food,

originatedinthe

islandsofJapan,

isa

Japanese"Japanese

cuisine"means,

butalso

theuseof

modernChinese

insomeareas,usuallyrefersto

Japanesefood.

Whenitcomesto

Japanesecuisine,

manypeople

willthinkof

sushi,

sashimi,

or

equipment

isverydelicate,

like

artkaiseki.China

diet

--

richandcolorful

region

andnationality中国饮食——丰富多彩的地区性与民族性中国菜肴在烹饪中有许多流派。其中最有影响和代表性的也为社会所公认的有：鲁、川、粤、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽等菜系，即被人们常说的中国“八大菜系”。一个菜系的形成和它的悠久历史与独到的烹饪特色分不开的。同时也受到这个地区的自然地理、气候条件、资源特产、饮食习惯等影响。有人把“八大菜系”用拟人化的手法描绘为：苏、浙菜好比清秀素丽的江南美女；鲁、皖菜犹如古拙朴实的北方健汉；粤、闽菜宛如风流典雅的公子；川、湘菜就象内涵丰富充实、才艺满身的名士。China

cuisinetherearemanyschools

incooking.

Oneofthemost

influentialandrepresentative

alsorecognizedbythecommunityare:

Shandong,Sichuan,

Guang