考点01-冠词与语法填空（原卷版）

考点01冠词（原卷版）【命题解读】 冠词是历年高考的必考点，对于冠词的考查主要集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯用法，高考中常见的考点如下：①冠词的泛指、特指②在形容词和副词比较等级前的用法③固定搭配④a和an的区别（2017新增）【命题预测】预计2020年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。【名师指导】复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：①单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；②复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；③无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。不定冠词【典例】【2022全国甲卷】___________friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehispanionduringthetrip.【不定冠词提分秘籍】不定冠词有两个，a和an。a用在辅音开头（不是辅音字母，是音标）的单词前面；an用于以元音开头（不是元音字母，是音标）的单词前。如：abook,anapple；auniversity，anhour.1.用于泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。ThevillagewhereIwasbornhasgrownintoatown.2.用于第一次提到或出现的名词前，表泛指，不特别指明具体情况。Thereisacuponthedesk,butthecupisn’tmine.3.用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。Ihavethreebooks,andIwanttobuyafourthone.4.用于形容词的比较级前，表示“一个更……的”。Ifwesitnearthefrontofthebus,we’llhaveabetterview.5.用于姓名、星期名称前，表示“某个名叫……的人，一个跟某人相仿的人，某人的作品、发明”或“某个星期几”。ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybeaPicasso.专家们认为这幅新发现的油画或许是毕加索的画作。6.用于表示价格、速度、比率等的名词前表示“每一”。Heworkseighthoursaday.7.用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。这类名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面要加不定冠词。具有此用法的名词有：success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,pity,danger,fort,honour等。surprise惊奇→asurprise一件意想不到/令人惊奇的事failure失败→afailure一个失败的人；一件失败的事success成功→asuccess一个成功的人；一件成功的事rain雨→aheavyrain一场大雨注意：常考的不可数名词有：baggage,luggage,furniture,health,weather,fun,space(太空),advice,word(消息),progress,information,news,equipment,wealth等。这些不可数名词一般不与不定冠词连用。8．用于短语搭配中(1)“have/take＋a(n)＋与动词同形的名词”，表示动作的一次。have/takearest休息一会儿；have/takealook看一下；have/takeabath洗个澡。(2)“gooutfora(n)＋名词”，表示从事某项活动。gooutforanouting去郊游；gooutforapicnic去野餐。(3)习惯搭配中。etoanend结束；dropsb.aline给某人写信；atadisadvantage处于不利地位；inaway从一方面说；inaword总之；inasense就某种意义来说；onadiet吃特定食物；withaviewto为了，鉴于。定冠词【典例】【2022新高考I卷】Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes__________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.【定冠词提分秘籍】1．特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，这是定冠词的基本用法①Thebooksonthedeskwerepublishedlastmonth.桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。②ThefactoryImentionedhasinstalledanewassemblyline.我提到的那家工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。③Wewerealllostinthebeautyofnature.我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。2．再次提到前面已出现的人或事物，表示特指①Imetafriendinthestreet；hesaidhehadbeenseriouslyill.我在街上遇见了一位朋友，他说他生过一场大病。②Hetoldusastory，butIwasnotinterestedinthestory.他给我们讲了一个故事，但我对这个故事不感兴趣。3．指谈话双方彼此都知道的人或事物Wewenttothestationtoseethemanageroff.我们到车站为经理送行。4．用在某些可数名词单数前，用来指事物的整体(总称)与其他事物的区别①ThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.是贝尔发明的。②Theelephantismuchstrongerthanthehorse.象比马强壮得多。5．用在表示某国人的名词前theChinese中国人；theFrench法国人；theEnglish英国人；theSpanish西班牙人；theDutch荷兰人；theIrish爱尔兰人；theSwiss瑞士人；theJapanese日本人。6．某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人(表示复数)thehomeless无家可归的人；therich富人；thepoor穷人；theblind盲人；theold老年人；theyoung年轻人；thestrong强者；theweak弱者；thesick病人；thewounded伤者。7．在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再次”“又一”)Shelivesonthetwelfthfloor.她住在十二楼。8．在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的)，very(正是那个)，same(同样的)等前加定冠词the①ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。②Hemustbetheonlystudentwhohaseverbeentothecityinourclass.他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的同学。③That’stheverythingI’vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的东西。9．在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词thetheearth地球；themoon月亮；thesun太阳；thesky天空；theuniverse宇宙；theworld世界；theair空中；theground地面。10．用于时间、重量等单位名词之前，表示每一个单位①Theboatishiredbythehour.小船按小时出租。②Therearetwoorthreeapplestothepound.每磅有两三个苹果。11．在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词theintheeast/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方；ontheright/left在右/左边。12．在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前，要用定冠词thetheYellowRiver黄河；theRhine莱茵河；thePacific太平洋；theRedSea红海；theHimalayas喜马拉雅山脉；theBritishIsles不列颠群岛；theTaiwanStrait台湾海峡；theSaharaDesert撒哈拉沙漠。13．用在逢“十”的数词前，指世纪的某个年代inthe1980s/1980’s在20世纪80年代。14．乐器名称前用定冠词theSheplaysthepianobestinherclass.她钢琴在班上弹得最好。15．在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“……一家”theBrowns布朗一家；theLis姓李的一家。16．在“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表身体部位的名词”的固定结构中hitsb.intheface打某人的脸；takesb.bythearm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手；patsb.ontheshoulder拍某人的肩；hitsb.onthehead打某人的头。本结构中不能用物主代词替代定冠词，常用于该结构的动词有pat，strike，beat，hit，catch，put，take等。17．在短语搭配中intheend最后；etothepoint谈到正题；onthecontrary相反；inthemorning在早晨；inthedistance在远处；inthewater在水中；onthesubjectof关于……的主题；ontheair在广播。含有冠词的词组分析【典例】【2022浙江卷1月语法填空】Cobb,forherpart,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakwhethershecoulddosoremotely,aboutthreequartersof

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time,theyagreed【冠词词组分析提分秘籍】英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。1.infrontof在……（外）的前面；inthefrontof在……（内）的前面Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一个花园。（外）Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一块黑板。（内）2.inchargeof掌管、负责；inthechargeof在……负责之下Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。3.attable在进餐、吃饭时；atthetable在桌旁Heseldomtalksattable.吃饭时他很少说话。Theysatatthetable,talkingandlaughing.他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。4.byday白天、日间；bytheday按日计Heworksinanofficebyday.他白天在办公室工作。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetpaidbytheday.大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。5.takeplace发生、举行；taketheplace(of)代替、接替Whendidthisconversationtakeplace?这次谈话什么时候进行的？Electrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinourcountry.在我们国家，电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。6.inwords用语言；inaword总之Pleaseexpressyourthoughtsinwords.请用言语表达你的想法。Inaword,Idon’ttrustyou.总之，我不相信你。7.attimes有时、不时；atatime一次Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.有时我确实感到有些紧张。Passmethebrickstwoatatime.每次递给我两块砖。8.little少、不多的；alittle一些、一点儿Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.快点，时间不多了。Don’thurry,youstillhavealittletime.不用急，你还有时间。9.few很少、几乎没有的；afew有些、几个Heisamanoffewwords.他是一个少言寡语的人。Onlyafewofthechildrencanread.只有几个孩子会阅读。10.amostinteresting非常有趣的；themostinteresting最有趣的（形容词的最高级）Thisisamostinterestingstory.这是一个非常有趣的故事。Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。11.adoctorandnurse一位医生兼护士；adoctorandanurse一位医生和一位护士adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。adoctorandanursearestandingthere.一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。12.anumberof许多、好些；thenumberof……的数目（后面的谓语动词用单数）Anumberofstudentsareintheclassroom.许多学生在教室里。Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisforty.教室里有40个学生。零冠词1.不含普通名词的专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、复数名词或不可数名词前通常不加冠词。Rockclimbingisofgreatfun.Youwillgetclosetonatureandtakeadventuresatthesametime.2.表示季节、月份、星期、节日、学科、语言、球类、棋类以及三餐等的名词前，常用零冠词。Hehadnothingforbreakfastthismorning.Springesafterwinter.3.表示独一无二的职位、职务、头衔的名词在句中作表语、补足语、同位语时，其前通常不加冠词。Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.4.在“单数可数名词＋as/though”引导的让步状语从句中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。Goodchoiceas/thoughitmaybe,hehasdecidedtogiveitup.5.turn意为“变为，成为”时，后面作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词。但是bee意为“变为，成为”时，后面作表语的单数名词前加不定冠词。Hisdreamistoturnlawyerwhilehissister’sistobeeadancer.6.名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,each,no,any等指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，其前不加冠词。Iwantthatbookaboutcars.（2022新高考I卷）Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes__________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.（2022全国甲卷）____________friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehispanionduringthetrip.（2022全国乙卷）Tocelebrate___________festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.（2021.6新高考二卷）Apany____44____(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover_____45_____plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.the（2021·全国甲卷·语法填空·T8）Ittookusabout3hourstogoall___8___wayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,but…（2021·全国乙卷·语法填空·T5）Dueto___5___growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.（2021·新高考I卷·语法填空·T10）Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis____10____musttovisit!（2021·浙江卷·语法填空·T9）___9___Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856tomeettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of___69___nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,sixare(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Everybodywears___57___samestyleofclothes.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat____62____topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.【2017·新课标卷I·语法填空】As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.【2017·新课标卷II·语法填空】Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64top.（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级一模）Handwritingis____5____importantskillthatgoesbeyondmunication.（2022·云南·一模）TheopeningoftheChina-LaosRailwaywillthushelpspeedthedevelopmentoftheChina-LaosEconomicCorridor,andwillfurtheradvancethebuildingofaChina-Laosmunitywith____20____sharedfuture.（2022·重庆·一模）Theyalsosetupthetrafficsignalsand___55___seriesoftrafficmonitoringequipment.（2022·河南·三模）TheseGamesarenot____39____endofthestory.Withtheirperformanceandtheirappearance,eachoftheseathletescanwinoverahugenewfanmunityforthetimeaftertheGames.（2022·重庆南开模拟预测）Andwithoutcourage,we’llneverstepinto____44____unknown.（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T2）Theseareallexamplesofsingle-useplasticproducts,whichis___2___hottopicbasedonbothenvironmentalandhealthconcerns.（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T3）___3___eventinmylifethreeorfouryearsagomademeexaminemyownattitudestowardsalternativemedicine.（2021·成都三诊·短文改错）ThenInoticedaguyatthedoor.Hewasnotallowedtogetintotheshowbecausesomeonehadsoldhimthefaketicket.（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T6）Youcouldbuysecondhandclothing,too,as____6_____usefulwaytoextendthelifespan(寿命)ofitemsalreadycreated.（2021•珠海市二模•语法填空•T10）Atthispoint,however,theuniqueculturethatproducedtheseman-madeobjectsremains____10_____mystery.（2021•肇庆市三模•语法填空•T4）Insomeregions,particularlyinthewesternUnitedStates,droughtis____4____seriousproblemfacingmunities.（2021•漳州新高考模拟•语法填空•T2）LouisCha(Chinese:ChaLeungYung;10March1924-30October2018),betterknownbyhispennameJinYong,wasaChinesewuxianovelistandessayist,whoco-foundedtheHongKongdailynewspaperMingBaoin1959andservedas___2___firsteditor-in-chief.（2021•永春县第三次联考•语法填空•T5）TusaidinBeijing.Theprizewinningis____5____honorforChina’ssciencecauseandtraditionalChinesemedicineintheircourseofreachingouttotheworld.【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】Butthecountry'seconomicdevelopmentovertheyearshaspermittedthesporttospreadbeyond______wealthy.【湖北省孝感高级2021届高三调研】Beinglikedbyalargegroupofpeoplecannottake______placeofbuildingdeep,supportivefriendships.【湖北省武汉外国语2021届高三调研】Sothousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedwhentherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtosolve______problem.【河北省2021届高三模拟】Justlookto______fifthplanetinour,solarsystem,Jupiter.【广东省深圳外国语2021届高三三调】Kiteswereusedformilitary(军事的)purposesintheverybeginning,suchasmeasurementandsignaling.Laterkiteflyinggraduallybecame______outdooractivityforbothrecreationandart.【广东省2021届高三四校联考】NobuOkada,CEOofAstroscale,______panyworkingonwaystocleanupspacejunk,says“evenasmallpaintfleckhasenoughpowertoblowupothersatellites.【福建省福州2021届高三调研】______elephantmuseumisthereforthosewhowanttoknowmoreabouttheanimal..【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】Itwentontosaythatalmosthalfofallmuseumsreported______annualincreaseinvisitornumbers.【重庆市南开2021届高三仿真】GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefor______award.【重庆市2021届高三适应性考试】So,everyonewasafraidofit.Zhongspentdaysandnightstofind______causeofthedisease.【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】Wheneverthereisasandstorm,itforms______upwardairflowbetweenthesurroundingsandmountains.【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】WithXionganaimingtobeea"smart,greenandresidents-