2023高考英语一轮复习话题第17练练习含解析

2024高考英语一轮复习话题第17练练习含解析2024高考英语一轮复习话题第17练练习含解析

基础巩固

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．TheInternethasenabledus(know)andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.

2．However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.3．Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring)aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4．Iwilltellyou(direct)thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.

5．In18thcentury，the(invent)ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.6．Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient)tous.7．Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.8．WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(absolute)goodandrightforus.9．Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，(include)robots.10．Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use)robots.

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11．Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12．Aputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation.13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothere’remanyaccidents.16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17．Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18．Thenewtechnology，ifapplyingtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19．Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife—theputernetwork.

话题词汇

1．advantagen．优势

2．artificialadj.人造的，人工的

3．negativeeffect负面影响

4．breakthroughn．突破

5．surftheInternet上网

6．explorev．探究

7．conveniencen．便利

8．withthedevelopmentof...随着……的进展

9．changeone’slife转变某人的生活

10．drawbackn．缺点，不利条件

力量提升

Ⅲ.阅读理解

A

(2024·辽宁葫芦岛一模)

AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.

Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.

Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.

Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedface-recognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”

Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntington’sdisease，affectthisability.

“Sheeparelong-livedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的)abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.

21．Accordingtothenewresearch，what’sunusualaboutsheep?

A．Theyhavelargebrains.

B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners.

C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans.

D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.

22．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?

A．Bygivingfoodrewards.

B．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.

C．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.

D．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.

23．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A．Sheephaveahigherface-recognitionabilitythanmonkeys.

B．Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.

C．Thesheep’sface-recognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.

D．Thesheep’sface-recognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.

24．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A．AWonderfulScientist

B．TheLifeofSheep

C．ANewDiscoveryAboutSheep

D．HowSheepRecognizeEachOther

B

(2024·四川内江一模)

Inrecentyears，carmanufacturers(制造商)havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.

Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石)fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.

However，carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，esin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.

Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyaputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill，itusesallofitsresources(资源)，butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.

Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyproducelesspollution.

Ofcourse，hybridcarsaren’tperfect;theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner，“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.

25．Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors?

A．Theymovedveryfast.

B．Theywereunpopular.

C．Theirengineswereoftenreplaced.

D．Theirengineswereexpensive.

26．Howdoestheputerinahybridcarfunction?

A．Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.

B．Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills.

C．Itdecideswheretopowerthecar.

D．Itcontrolshowthecarusespower.

27．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5?

A．Car’ssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.

B．Electricmotorandpetrolengine.

C．Hybridcarandhydrogencar.

D．Aluminumandcarbonfiber.

28．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?

A．Cars’EnginesB．CarPollution

C．GreenCarsD．Cars’Advantages

Ⅳ.完形填空

IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI’d29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.I’maboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.

WhatcanIsay？I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.32，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步机)andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？”

Ofcourse，I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela(n)39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobeea40，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmyputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.

Unfortunatebut44，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.

Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48.

29．A.cookedB．ordered

C．designedD．introduced30．A.battleB．petitionC．performanceD．practice31．A.burnB．containC．loseD．consume32．A.SurprisinglyB．HappilyC．UnfortunatelyD．Hopefully33．A.ingoffB．passingawayC．takingoffD．turningaway34．A.equipB．connectC．presentD．reward35．A.agreeB．pretendC．imagineD．decide36．A.hurtB．countC．changeD．solve37．A.alwaysB．sometimesC．seldomD．never38．A.hardlyB．instantlyC．regularlyD．slightly39．A.urgeB．attractionC．differenceD．pain40．A.planB．habitC．gameD．hobby41．A.originalB．monC．inspiringD．tight42．A.awakeB．calmC．healthyD．strong43．A.goalB．memoryC．realityD．trend44．A.unbelievableB．changeableC．understandableD．enjoyable45．A.ThereforeB．However

C．Besides

D．Otherwise46．A.lack

B．save

C．show

D．throw47．A.once

B．before

C．unless

D．though48．A.choice

B．fault

C．cause

D．excuse

答案解析

Ⅰ.1.toknow2.to3.hasbrought4.directly5.invention6．convenience7.with8.absolutely

9.including10.using

Ⅱ.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethem

∧more

attractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.

12．Aputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsequipment

andinformation.13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherbothersusalot.

14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，Ifullfully