考研《英语一》贵州省安顺市紫云苗族布依族自治县2023年考前冲刺试卷含解析

考研《英语一》贵州省安顺市紫云苗族布依族自治县2023年考前冲刺试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)完形填空（共20小题；每小题l分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MyhusbandandIwentintoashopthatsoldhandcrafteditemsinhopesoffindingafewlast-minuteChristmasgifts.Therewasalot36.Everyshelfand37wasloadedwithdifferentcrafters'handiwork.AsIwalkedthroughthestore,Inoticedawoodenplaque(瓷花金属板)hangingonawall.Iturnedtotake38lookandremembershakingmyhead"yes"at39printedontheplaque."Lifeisn'taboutwaitingforthe40topass,"theplaqueproclaimed（宣布）."It'saboutlearningtodanceintherain."AsIpulledmyhusbandoveranddirectedhisattentiontotheplaque,Icouldseethathetoo41thesimplelessontheplaqueshared.Howofteninourdailyliveshadweputconditionsonour42?Whenwegetthehousepaidoff,thenwecanbehappy.Whenthingssettledownwiththekids,thenwe'llbeabletodomoretogether.Thereissolittlejoyforthehereandnowintheuncertaintiesofthe43andthens.Lookingattheplaque,Ifoundmyself44toahotandmuggydaythesummerbefore,whenIunknowingly45theplaque'smessage.LightraincontinuedtofallasIwalkedouttogetmymail.Waterwasstillrunning46throughthegutters（屋顶檐槽）.Idon'tknowwhatcameoverme,47Isuddenlyfeltforcedtodosomethingalittlecrazy48myfifty-plusyears.I49myshoesandstockingsandbeganwalkingbarefootthroughthewater.Itwasdeliciously50,heatedbythepavementthathadbeen51bythesummerheat.I'msuremyneighborsthoughtthatIhad52mylastvestigeofsanity（神智健全）,butIdidn'tcare.Forinthatmoment,Iwasalive.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbills,thefutureoranyotherday-to-daycares.Iwas53aTheplaquenowhangsinmylivingroom,aChristmasgiftfrommyhusband.Iwalkpastitmultipletimeseachdayand54pausetoaskmyself,"So,amI55inIthinkIam.IknowItryto.Onestepatatime,Iamlearningtodanceintherain!1、A．topurchase B．tosee C．tochoose D．toorder2、A．wall B．counter C．drawer D．panel3、A．afirst B．asecond C．abetter D．aworse4、A．theword B．thedesign C．thenote D．themessage5、A．trouble B．happiness C．storm D．fortune6、A．considered B．recalled C．appreciated D．acknowledged7、A．happiness B．responsibility C．desire D．virtue8、A．wheres B．ifs C．buts D．whens9、A．keepingbackB．thinkingbackC．goingbackD．datingback10、A．interpret B．understood C．conveyed D．lived11、A．high B．fiercely C．deep D．low12、A．ortherwise B．and C．but D．thus 13、A．in B．for C．above D．at14、A．comeoff B．puton C．throwaway D．slippedoff15、A．cold B．warm C．smoothD．swift16、A．baked B．swollen C．removed D．burned17、A．dismissed B．suffered C．lost D．gained18、A．experiencing B．distributing C．receiving D．presenting19、A．hardly B．incidentally C．seldom D．frequently20、A．stuck B．running C．dancing D．caughtSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Angeritselfisneithergoodnorbad.It’swhatwedowhenwe’reangrythatmatters.Angerisatoolthathelpsustoreadandrespondtothesocialsituationsthatbotherus.Buthowcanwekeepitundercontrol?It’snormaltothinkthatgettingangryisbadandmanytimeswepunishourselvesfordoingso.Butcontrarytopopularbelief,researchindicatesthatangerincreasesoptimism,creativityandefficiency.Inaddition,studiessuggestthatangercanleadtomoresuccessfulnegotiationsatwork,aswellasinourpersonallives.Infact,suppressing（抑制）angercanbeverybadforyourhealth.Inthissense,Dr.ErnestHarburgperformedastudybymonitoringagroupofadultsandtheircapacity（最大容量）foranger.Whathefoundisthatthemenandwomenwhosuppressedtheirangerasaresponsetoanunfairattackhadahigherriskofdevelopingbronchitisorsufferingfromheartattacks,andweremorelikelytodiebeforetheircolleagueswholettheirangersurfacewhentheyfeltbothered.Whenangerarises,wefeeltheneedtoeitherpreventorputanendtothispowerfulfeelingforthebenefitofourwelfareorthewelfareofthosewecareabout.Butthisactofkindness,mercy,loveorjusticeisn’tbeneficialinthisway.However,it’scertainlyagoodthingtobecautiouswhenangerbeginstosurface.Expressingyourangercanbeappropriatewithcertainpeopleatcertaintimes.Thequestionliesinhowtodoitwithoutlosingcontrol.Thekeytoexpressingyourangerisfindingtheappropriatetoneforexpressingwhatitisthatupsetsyou.Buttoavoidunnecessaryshouting,hitting,orotherviolentreactions,it’sworthtakingamomenttostepbackandthink,eventhoughwemaybeinthemiddleofanargumentwithsomeone.1、Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkofanger?A．Itisanimportanttool.B．Itisabadfeelingstate.C．Itincreasesourhappiness.D．Ithelpsinsocialsituations.2、WhatdoesDr.EmestHarburg’sstudyimplyaboutanger?A．Itneedsawayout.B．Itshouldbeavoided.C．Itcancausesuddendeath.D．Itmustbekeptundercontrol.3、Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedowhenwe’reangry?A．Findoutitscause.B．Pretendtoignoreit.C．Reacttoitviolently.D．Expressitreasonably.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WaystoControlAngerB．BenefitsofMildAngerC．ShowingAngerProperlyCountsD．AngerDoesAffectHealthText2NASAhasanewjoblisting,andit’snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora“joker”tojointheirplannedmissiontoMars.AmissiontoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,theredplanetis140millionmiles(225millionkilometers)awayfromEarth.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspacecraft.AndMarshasacommunicationsdelayof20minutes.Thismeansthatastronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareply,whenanemergencyhappens.“Whenyou’relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongperiodoftime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemsarelikelytooccur,”JeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida,toldtheGuardian.ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumor.“Thesearepeoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,”Johnsonsaid.Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen’talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.Thereareotherexamplesofteam“clowns”.OneexampleisthejourneytotheSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen.Itwasadifficultjourney,fullofdanger.AdolfLindstrom,acookatAmundsen’steam,wasa“clown”.Hemadepeoplelaughthroughthewholejourney.AmundsenlaterwrotethatLindstromwasthemostvaluablememberoftheteam.Butifyou’rehopingthatyourfavoriteTVcomedianwillflytoMars,thatprobablywon’thappen.“Beingfunnywon’tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,”Johnsonsaid.“Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentscientistandengineer.”Besides,theymustbeintopphysicalcondition.1、WhatisNASA’snewjoblisting?A．Afunnyengineer. B．Atalentedclown.C．Agoodcook. D．Apopularcomedian.2、Whatdoes“aconfinedspace”inParagraph3referto?A．Acrowdedspace. B．Anemptyspace.C．Anopenspace. D．Asmallspace.3、Howdoestheauthorthinkhumorcanhelpastronauts?A．Itcanstopthemfromfeelingworried.B．Itcanencourageteamworkonamission.C．Itcanhelpthemfeellesshomesick.D．Itcanhelpthemknowthemselvesbetter.4、Whatpointdoestheauthorwanttomakewiththeexampleofthecook?A．Whatexplorerseatontheirjourneyisveryimportant.B．Anamateurcanplayamoreimportantrolethanaprofessional.C．Humorouspeoplecancheerpeopleupindifficultsituations.D．AmissiontoMarsismoredifficultthanajourneytotheSouthPole.5、Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．KeepingtheSpiritsUpB．AMissiontoMarsC．ANewJobListingofNASAD．HumorousAstronautsinNASAText3Whileeverydogownerknowstheirdogscanreadtheirmoodsperfectly,scientistshavealwaysbeenalittledoubtful.NowthankstosomeresearchersattheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineinVienna,Austria,wefinallyhavesomeconvincingevidence.Fortheirstudy,biologistCorsonMillerandhisteamexposeselevenselecteddogstodigitalimagesofwomenthatwereeitherangryorhappy.Halfthedogswererewardedfortouchingthescreenwhenshownahappyface,whiletheotherhalfgottheirtreatforselectingthosethatappearedangry.Interestingly,thedogswerenotprovidedwiththeentireface.Somedogswereshownonlyupperhalveswhiletheothersobservedlowerhalves.That'sbecausethescientistsbelievehumansshowtheiremotionsontheirentireface.Aftersometraininglikehowtorecognizesmalldifferenceslikethewrinklesbetweentheeyesorthechangesintheirshapethataccompanythehappyorangryexpressions,thedogsweremostlyabletoidentifythecorrectexpressionnotonlyonafamiliarfacebutonastrangeface.Theresearchersconcludedthedogsweresmartenoughtoreadhumanemotions.Theyalsofoundthosebeingtrainedtoreadangryexpressionstookalongertimetolearn.Theyguessitmaybebecausedogsfindangryfacesdisgusting,causingthemtowithdrawquickly.However,oncethesmartdogsrealizedtheyweregettingrewarded,thetrepidationseemedtodisappear.Infact,thedogshadsuchagoodtimeplayingthecomputer"game"Thatscientistshadahardtimekeepingthemawayfromthetouchscreensafterthestudywascompleted.Theresearchersalsonoticedonlydogswithamaleownerhadahardertimeunderstandingtheexpressionscorrectly.Sincethetouch-screenmodelswereallfemales,thisconfirmedwhathasbeenobservedinpreviousstudiesdogsaremoreefficientatreadingfacialexpressionsofpeoplethatarethesamegenderastheirowner.1、Howdidthescientistsconducttheexperiment?A．Byleavingdogstowomenwhoareeitherhappyorangry.B．Bymixingtheselecteddogstogether.C．Byrewardingonlyhalfofthedogstouchingthescreen.D．Byshowingdigitalpicturesofwomen’shappyorangryfaces.2、Theunderlinedword“trepidation”inParagraph5probablymeans

.A．fearandhesitation B．curiosityandeagernessC．excitementandhappiness D．doubtandsadness3、Accordingtothelastparagraph,dogswithfemaleowners______________.A．arefondofthemalefacesB．areuninterestedintellingtheemotionsontheentirefacesC．havedifficultytellingthemoodsonthefacesofmalesD．canonlyrecognizeemotionsoffemales4、Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．MoodChangesInfluenceDogs B．DogsIdentifytheMoodsC．dogsandTheirOwners D．Dog’sMoodResearchText4Solarenergysystems/powerplantsdonotproduceairpollution,waterpollution,orgreenhousegases.Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive,indirecteffectontheenvironment,whensolarenergyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment.However,somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光电池的)cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Somesolarthermal(保热的)systemsusepotentiallyhazardousliquidstotransferheat.Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.U.S.environmentallawsregulatetheuseandsettlementofthesetypesofmaterials.Aswithanytypeofpowerplant,largesolarpowerplantscanaffecttheenvironmentneartheirlocations.Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.Somesolarpowerplant-smayrequirewaterforcleaningsolarcollectorsandconcentratorsorforcoolingturbinegenerators.Usinglargevolumesofgroundwaterorsurfacewaterinsomedrylocationsmayaffecttheecosystemsthatdependonthesewaterresources.Inaddition,thebeamofconcentratedsunlightasolarpowertowercreatescankillbirdsandinsectsthatflyintothebeam.Theamountofsolarenergythattheearthreceiveseachdayismanytimesgreaterthanthetotalamountofallenergythatpeopleconsumeeachday.However,onthesur~aceoftheearth,solarenergyisavariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunlightandtheintensityofsunlightvariesbytimeofdayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditionsaffecttheavailabilityofsunlightdailyandonaseasonalbasis.ThetypeandsizeofasoIarenergycollectionandconversionsystemdetermineshowmuchoftheavailablesolarenergywecanconvertintousefulenergy.1、Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"hazardous"underlinedinparagraph2?A．inexpensive B．dangerousC．ineffective D．abnormal2、Whatinfluencecanlargesolarpowerplantshaveonthelocations?A．Pollutingthegroundwater.B．Protectingthehabitatsofplantsandanimals.C．Damagingthelocalnaturalbalance.D．Attractingbirdsandinsectstothearea.3、Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Differentareasreceivedifferentamountofsolarenergy.B．Howtoconvertsolarenergyintousefulenergy.C．Therelationshipbetweensolarenergycollectionandthesunlight.D．Somefactorsthatinfluencetheamountofsolarenergycollection.4、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesolarenergysystems?A．Theyaretotallyenvironment-friendly.B．Theyhavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.C．Theyshouldbeforbiddeninthefuture.D．TheyshouIdbeencouragedinquantities.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ThereisasmallbutgrowingmovementinAmericaofmany1．(family)thatwanttoreducewastetozero2．(they)goalofproducingnotrashisprobablyimpossibletoreachSomecomeclose,reducingayear’sworthoftrashtoonlyafewthings3．canfitintoasmallcontainerAllotherthings,theysay,canberecycledorcompostedZeroWasters,astheyarecalled,helpeachotherbysharingadviceonblogsandsocialmediaAlotofpeoplehavegiven4．(value)adviceonthesubjectrecentlySomeoftheadviceincludeswheretobuythings5．(avoid)unwantedpackagingandhowtorecyclethingsthatmostpeoplethrowawayBeaJohnson,ahousewife,saysthatreducingshoppingmeansherfamilyhasmoremoneyforfunvacations6．everbeforeShe,whois7．(satisfy)withthefact,saysalltheirclothingcomesfromusedclothingstoresShesaysthathasreducedherhouseholdspending8．40percentZeroWastersadvocate9．(talk)aboutfive“r’s”thatdescribewanttheydo:Refuse,Reduce,Reuse,RecycleandRotTheyrequestthatthingslikeremainingfoodnot10．(throw)awayrandomlyandrefusecontainersatrestaurantsNowahottopic1．(discuss)aboutwhethertheoldcomputersinourschoolshouldbereplaced2．newonesWiththerapid3．(develop)ofscienceandtechnology,thereisnodoubt4．ouroldcomputersaretotallyoutofdateTheheadmasteraswellastheteachersandstudents5．(be)notsatisfiedwiththeslowworkingspeedofthecomputersTherefore,allofthemrequesttohaveanewcomputersothattheirproblemscanbesolved6．(success)7．theschoolshouldconsideris8．todealwiththeoldcomputerswiselyPersonallyspeaking,9．(throw)themawaytotheplace10．theyareregardedasrubbishisnotagoodideaSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Weallhavetomakedecisionsallthetime,andwehaveanabundanceofchoices,rangingfromtinyissuestovitalones.Unfortunately,peopleoftenfindithardtomakedecisions.1、Ifyouwouldliketoimproveyourskillofdecisionmaking,herearefoursuggestionsforyou.Don’texpecttohaveitall.2、Youcan’tordereverydeliciousdishonthemenu.Andtherewillbepathsnottaken,careersnotchosen,tonameafew.Youcanimaginesome“whatif”situationsifyoumust,butdonotletthemtakeuptoomuchspaceinyourbrain.3、It’softengoodtothinkthroughyourdecisions.Butdon’toverdoit.Researchcanreachapointwherereturnsbegintoreduce,whichmakesitconfusingmorethanclarifying.Manygooddecisionscanbemadebasedasmuchonintuition(直觉)asoncarefulassessmentofendlessdata.Don’tdelaymakingdecisions.Yes,thereisatimetoputoffmakingadecision.Perhapsyouneedmoreinformation.4、Orit'slikelythatyouwaitforalessstressfultime.Justdon’twaitsolongthatthedecisionismadebyyourownindecisiveness.Don’tbehardonyourself.Youdecidetogoonavoyage.Youchooseanexpensiveliner.Everythingshouldworkoutjustright.Onlyyoudidn’texpectabugthatranaroundontheship,makingyouandyourfamilysickforfivedays.5、Butpleaserememberitisunavoidablesometimes.A．Don’tspendtoomuchtimethinking.B．Itisanimportantsourceofinformation.C．Don’tcountonemotiontomakedecisions.D．Maybeyouwishtoconsultwithyouradvisor.E.Youmayregretmakingsuchastupiddecision.F.Thatmeanstheskillofgooddecision-makingcountsalot.G.Decisionsforceustoclosethedooronotherpossibilities.Weusuallydon’tmindwhenpeoplecallusbypositivenicknames.1、Butwhenpeoplecallusbycruelnicknames,itcanbedifficulttogetthem