2024年高考英语复习跳出题海文化习俗（高考篇）（解析版）

优点英语英语教材·单元主题语境专题训练文化习俗—高考篇（解析版）【关键词（组）】Group11.adventure n.冒险,奇遇2.ancestor n.祖先3.ancient adj.古代的4.anniversary n.周年纪念日5.awkward adj.令人尴尬的,使人难堪的6.belief n.信条,信念 believe v.相信,认为7.bless v.保佑;祈福8.casual adj.漫不经心的,不经意的,非正式的9.cause n.原因,起因vt.促使,引起,使发生10.caution n.谨慎,小心,警告 cautiousadj.小心的,谨慎的Group21.ceremony n.典礼,仪式,礼节2.chief adj.主要的3.civilized adj.文明的4.concern v.&n.涉及,关心beconcernedabout关心；观念5.cooperation n.合作6.cultural adj.文化的7.custom n.习惯,习俗,风俗8.decorate v.装饰,装潢,修饰9.expand v.扩展10.familiar adj.熟悉的befamiliarwith熟悉；精通Group31.fascinating adj.魅力无穷的2.imagination n.想象(力)3.immigrant n.移民4.inform vt.告诉;通知 informationn.信息5.marriage n.结婚,婚姻marriedadj.已婚的marryv.(使)成婚,结婚6.monument n.纪念碑,纪念馆7.moral adj.道德的8.nationality n.国籍9.occasion n.时刻;场合10.particular adj.特殊的,特别的inparticular尤其，特殊Group41.pray v.祈祷2.public adj.公共的,公众的3.race n.种族4.relevant adj.紧密相关的,有意义的5.religion n.宗教religiousadj.宗教的；虔诚的；及其严谨的6.remind vt.提醒,使记起7.remove v.移开,拿走,脱掉(衣服等)8.restrict v.限制 restrictionn.限制,约束9.result n.结果,效果10.ridiculous adj.可笑的;荒唐的Group51.phenomenon n.现象2.sacred adj.神圣的,上帝的3.sacrifice n.&v.牺牲;供奉4.separate v.使分开,使分离adj.单独的,分开的separatelyadv.单独地,各自地separationn.分离,隔离5.silence n.安静,沉默silentadj.无声的,沉默的6.strange adj.奇怪的,奇特的,陌生的strangern.陌生人,异乡人7.symbol n.象征8.temple n.庙宇;寺庙9.tradition n.传统,风俗traditionaladj.传统的,习俗的10.typical adj.典型的,有代表性的,特有的betypicalof典型的；……的特点Group61.addto 增添2.attendaceremony 出席仪式3.comeintobeing 形成;产生;出现4.cultureshock 文化冲击5.crowdinto 涌入6.cooperatewithsb. 与某人合作7.dressup 穿上盛装;乔装打扮8.datebackto/datefrom 追溯到9.followacustom 遵循习俗10.gettogether 聚集11.inmemoryof 为了纪念12.inhonourof 为了纪念;为向……表示敬意13.lookforwardto 盼望14.mixsth.withsth. 将……与……混合15.makeitaruletodosth. 使做某事成为规定16.onspecialoccasions 在特殊的场合17.originatefrom 起源于……18.passdownfromgenerationtogeneration一代一代传下来19.referto 涉及20.themajorityof 大多数【2021年全国甲卷，A】ATakeaview,theLandscape（风景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlieWaite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcomersoftheUKandbeyond.MikeShepherd(2011)SkiddawinWinterCumbria,EnglandItwasanextremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.Iclimbedtothetopofasmallriseandrealisedthatthemistwaslittlemorethanafewfeetdeep,andthoughitwasonlyashortclimb,IfoundmyselfcompletelyaboveitandlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkiddawwiththesumsettinginthewest.Iusedclassicaltechniques,translatedfrommycollegedaysspentinthedarkroomintoPhotoshop,toachievetheblack—and—whiteimage（图像）.TimothySmith(2014)MacclesfieldForestCheshire,EnglandIwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages.WalkingupapaththroughtheforesttowardsShutlingsloe,alocalhighpoint,Icameacrossasmallclearingandimmediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassessetagainstthefreshsnow.ThesmallpineaddedtotheinterestandIplaceditcentrallytotaketheviewfromtheforegroundrightthroughintotheforest.1.WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?A.Writers. B.Photographers. C.Painters. D.Tourists.2.WhatdotheworksbyShepherdandSmithhaveincommon?A.Theyarewinterimages.B.Theyareinblackandwhite.C.Theyshowmountainousscenes.D.Theyfocusonsnow—coveredforests.3.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inahistorybook. B.Inanovel. C.Inanartmagazine. D.Inabiography.【参考答案】1.B2.A3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Takeaview以及获奖的相关情况。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Takeaview,theLandscape(风景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlieWaite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.”（Takeaview，年度风景摄影师奖是CharlieWaite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一）可知摄影师最有可能参加Takeaview。故选B项。2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据MikeShepherd部分“Itwasanextremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.”（那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾）和TimothySmith部分“IwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages.”（我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片）可知Shepherd和Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。故选A项。3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcomersoftheUKandbeyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Takeaview是一项令人向往的年度竞赛）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Takeaview以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选C项。【2016·全国新课标III，C】Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.It’scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit’smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn’ttasteofanythingspecial,it’sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou’llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards(果园).Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.1.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?A.Attendexperts’lectures. B.Visitfruit-lovingfamilies.C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard. D.Tastemanykindsofapples.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDecio?A.Itisanewvariety. B.Ithasastrangelook.C.Itisrarelyseennow. D.Ithasaspecialtaste.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean?A.Apracticalidea. B.Avainhope.C.Abrilliantplan. D.Aselfishdesire.4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.D.Topromoteappleresearch.【参考答案】1.D2.C3.B4.B【语篇解读】作者向人们介绍了一个节日－－AppleDay。由于这个节日翡翠受欢迎，现在已经演变成＂苹果月＂了。在英国，人们在十月份庆祝该节日，持续大约一个月的时间。1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段＂Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.＂可知，参加相关庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果，故选D项。2.C【解析】推理判断题。由第二段的最后一句可知选C项。3.B【解析】猜测词义题。由第三段内容可知选B项。4.B【解析】写作意图题。根据第一段“ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.”和最后一段“Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日—AppleDay，并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选B项。【2016·全国新课标I，D】Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger. B.Itpromot