外研版英语必修三讲义Module6OldandNew1SectionⅠIntroductionReadingandVocabulary-ComprehendingWord版含答案

三峡大坝位于中国湖北省宜昌市境内，是当今世界最大的水力发电工程。三峡大坝的修建，引发了上至政府高官下至普通百姓、甚至国外人士的广泛关注，对三峡的利弊也有各种各样的评价。那具体有哪些利弊呢？Theconstruction(建造)oftheThreeGorgesDambeganinlate1994anddidn’tpleteuntilJuly4,2012.WhileitservesmanyusefulpurposesforChinaandtheworld,ithasbeensomeharmfulconsequences(后果)．TheProsoftheThreeGorgesDamFirst,itprovidesasmuchenergyas18nuclearpowerplantsdothroughharnessingtheenergyofrunningwater.Andalltheenergyitproducesisrenewablewithoutdestroyingourenvironmentintheprocess.Second,thesiteoftheThreeGorgesDamhasbeenattractingvisitorsfromallovertheworldsinceitsconstructionbegan.Inturn,thisnewtourismmarkethasgreatlypromotedtheeconomicdevelopmentintheregion.Third,theYangtzeRiverhasbeenknowntoflood,andwhenitdoes,tensofthousandsofpeoplelosetheirlivesandhomes.TheconstructionoftheThreeGorgesDamwasoriginallymeanttopreventthisfloodingfromhappening,andithas.Fourth,ithelpsshipstotravelalongtheriver,sincethedamisplacedrightinthemiddleoftheYangtzeRiver.Inaddition,itensuresthattheentireriverreceivesenoughwaterduringdryseasonsandremainstravelableatalltimes.TheConsoftheThreeGorgesDamFirst,theThreeGorgesDamhasabadeffectonwildlife(野生生物)．ThenumberoffishandplantsthathavebeenlivingintheYangtzeRiverforthousandsofyearsisbeginningtobeesmaller.Second,theconstructionoftheThreeGorgesDamforcedoveronemillionpeoplethatlivednearthedam’sconstructionsitetomovetoanewplace.Third,tonsofrocksandsandarebeingpulledintotheYangtzeRiver,causingbigchangesinitsnaturalappearance.Thispollutionhasbeenaffectingthewaterqualityfortheanimalsandsurroundingvillagesthatrelyonthiswatersupply.SectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—prehending重点单词写作词汇1.datevi. 始于(某一历史时期)2.poemn． 诗；诗歌3.globaladj. 全球的拓展词汇4.acmodatevt.容纳(乘客等)→acmodationn．住宿5.constructionn．建造；建设；建筑→constructvt.建造；建设6.historicaladj.历史的；有关历史的→historyn．历史→historicadj.有历史意义的7.narrowadj.狭窄的→narrowlyadv.狭窄地；勉强地8.removevt.迁移；搬迁→removaln．移动；搬迁；调动；除去阅读词汇9.bulletinn． 小型报刊；短新闻；报告10.canaln. 运河11.civiladj. 民用的；国内的12.cliffn. 悬崖；峭壁13.damn. 坝；堤；水闸14.engineeringn. (土木)工程15.gorgen. 峡谷16.reservoirn. 水库17.structuren. 建筑物；结构18.terminaln． (机场的)集散站；终点站；候机厅19.carvingn. (尤指木头、象牙等的)雕刻(品)20.relicn. (常作复数)(历史的)遗迹；遗物21.siten. 场所；遗址22.generatevt. 发(电)23.harnessvt. 利用；将(自然力)变成动力24.submergevt. 浸入水中；淹没25.watchtowern. 望台重点短语1.datefrom 起源于2.holdback 阻止3.dreamof 梦想……4etrue (梦想等)变成现实重点句型1.Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodosth.花费某人时间/金钱做某事：Ittooksixyearstobuild(它花费了6年时间建成)andcostUS$20billion.2.Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.某人有可能做某事：Isitpossibletosee(有可能看到)therelicsnowthattheyhavebeensubmerged？3.the＋序数词＋形容词最高级意为“第几……”：ThepoweroftheYangtzeRiver,whichistheworld’sthirdlongestriver(世界上的第三长河),hasbeenharnessedbytheThreeGorgesDam.4.比较级表示最高级：比较级＋anyother＋单数名词意为“比……更……”：Itisthelargesthydro­electricpowerstationanddamintheworldandhascostmorethananyotherconstructionproject(超过任何其他的建筑工程)inhistory.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Skimthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.1．Para.1A．SomedetailsabouttheThreeGorgesDam.2．Para.2B．Thedamfloodedalargeareaandmanypeoplehadtoremove.3．Para.3C．MaoZedong’sdreamhasetrue—theThreeGorgesDamhasbeenbuilt.4．Para.4D．ThereasonwhySunYat­sensuggestedtheideaofadam.5．Para.5E．Theprojectfloodedmanyfamoushistoricalsites.答案：1－5.CADBEeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．WhyistheThreeGorgesDamconstructed?A．ToharnesstheYangtzeRiver.B．TocontrolfloodingandprovidepowerforthecentralregionofChina.C．Toreducetheairpollutioncausedbyburningcoal.D．TorealizeMaoZedong’sdream.2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheThreeGorgesDam?A．Itiswallsofstonetoholdbackclouds.B．Itisthethirdlargestdamintheworld.C．Itisnearly200metreshighand15kilometerswide.D．Ithascostmorethananyotherconstructionprojectinhistory.3．Whatisthebenefitaftertheconstruction?A．Manycities,townsandvillageshavebeenflooded.B．Morethanonebillionpeopleintheregionhavemovedfromtheirhomes.C．TheThreeGorgesareahasbeeoneofthemostbeautifulareasofChina.D．Manyfamoushistoricalsiteshavebeenflooded.4．WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheconstructionoftheThreeGorgesDamaccordingtothepassage?A．Therewillbemoreadvantages.B．Itwillbringsomeproblems.C．Thedisadvantagesaremuchmorethanadvantages.D．Notmentionedatall.答案：1－4.BDCAeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．TheThreeGorgesDam,whichisthebiggestconstructionprojectinChinasincethebuildingoftheGreatWallandtheGrandCanal,hasbeenbuilttocontrolfloodingandprovidehydro­electricpowerforthecentralregionofChina.[翻译]修建三峡大坝是自修筑长城和开凿大运河以来中国最大的建筑工程，它控制了长江的洪灾并为我国中部地区提供电力。2．Thedamwillgenerateelectricityequaltoabout40milliontonsofcoalwithoutcausingsomuchairpollution.[翻译]大坝将要生产相当于燃烧4000万吨煤所生产的电量，但却不会造成那么严重的大气污染。3．TheThreeGorgesareaisoneofthemostbeautifulareasofChinaandtheprojecthasfloodedsomeofChina’smostfamoushistoricalsites,includingtheQuYuanTemple,theHanWatchtowerandtheMoyaCliffcarvings.[翻译]三峡是中国风光最美丽的地区之一。由于大坝工程，一些著名的历史遗迹被水淹没，包括屈原祠、汉望塔和摩崖石刻。①gorge[ɡɔːdʒ]n.峡谷②dam[dæm]n.坝；堤；水闸③holdback阻止④dreamof做梦；梦见；向往⑤risevi.上升，升起过去式为rose，过去分词为risen，是不及物动词。⑥narrow['nærəʊ]adj.狭窄的⑦etrue(梦想等)变成现实。本短语不用于被动语态。⑧harness['hɑːnIs]vt.利用；将(自然力)变成动力⑨construction[kən'strʌkʃn]n.建造；建设；建筑underconstruction在建设中⑩hydro­electric[ˌhaIdrəʊ'IlektrIk]adj.水力发电的⑪regionn．地区⑫anyother任何其他的⑬inhistory历史上⑭suggestv．建议suggest作“建议”讲，后接宾语从句时，从句须用虚拟语气，即谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”，should可以省略。⑮generate['dʒenəˌreIt]vt.发(电)⑯global['ɡləʊbl]adj.全球的⑰reservoir['rezəˌvwɑː]n.水库⑱livea(n)．..life过着……的生活⑲historical[hI'stɒrIkl]adj.历史的；有关历史的historicadj.有历史意义的⑳site[saIt]n.场所；遗址eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))watchtower['wɒtʃˌtaʊə]n.望台eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))cliff[klIf]n.悬崖；峭壁eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))carving['kɑːvIŋ]n.(尤指木头、象牙等的)雕刻(品)eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))relic['relIk]n.(常作复数)(历史的)遗迹；遗物eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))submerge[səb'mɜːdʒ]vt.浸入水中；淹没eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))remove[rI'muːv]vt.迁移；搬迁TheThreeGorges①Dam②“Wallsofstonetoholdback③cloudsandrain”MaoZedongwroteapoeminwhichhedreamedof④“wallsofstonetoholdbackcloudsandraintillasmoothlakerises⑤inthenarrow⑥gorges”．Nowhisdreamhasetrue⑦.ThepoweroftheYangtzeRiver,whichistheworld’sthirdlongestriver,hasbeenharnessed⑧bytheThreeGorgesDam.◆inwhichhedreamedof...是inwhich引导的定语从句，which指代apoem。◆whichistheworld’sthirdlongestriver是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰theYangtzeRiver,which作从句的主语。TheThreeGorgesDam,whichisthebiggestconstruction⑨projectinChinasincethebuildingoftheGreatWallandtheGrandCanal,hasbeenbuilttocontrolfloodingandprovidehydro­electric⑩powerforthecentralregion⑪ofChina.Thedamisnearly200metreshighand1.5kilometreswide.Itisthelargesthydro­electricpowerstationanddamintheworldandhascostmorethananyother⑫constructionprojectinhistory⑬.◆动词不定式短语tocontrol作目的状语。SunYat­sen,whowastheleaderofthe1911Revolution,firstsuggested⑭theideaofadamacrosstheYangtzeRiverin1919.ThreequartersofChina’senergyisproducedbyburningcoal.In1993，Chinaused1.2billiontonsofcoalforheatingandgenerating⑮electricity.Unfortunately,burningcoalcausesseriousairpollutionandincreasesglobal⑯warming.Thedamwillgenerateelectricityequaltoabout40milliontonsofcoalwithoutcausingsomuchairpollution.◆whowastheleaderof...是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰SunYat­sen，who在从句中作主语。◆equaltoabout40milliontonsofcoal是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰electricity。可转换成定语从句whichisequaltoabout40milliontonsofcoal。Thereservoir⑰hasflooded2cities,11counties,140townsandmorethan4，000villages.Morethanamillionpeoplewholivedintheregionhavemovedfromtheirhomes.Nowthey’relivingahappynewlife⑱indifferentareas.◆wholivedintheregion是定语从句，修饰morethanamillionpeople，who在从句中作主语。TheThreeGorgesareaisoneofthemostbeautifulareasofChinaandtheprojecthasfloodedsomeofChina’smostfamoushistorical⑲sites⑳，includingtheQuYuanTemple,theHanWatchtowereq\o(○,\s\up1(21))andtheMoyaCliffeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))carvingsB23.About800historicalrelicseq\o(○,\s\up1(24))havebeensubmergedeq\o(○,\s\up1(25)).Someofthemarebeingremovedeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))andsomearebeingputintomuseums.◆includingtheQuYuanTemple＝theQuYuanTempleincluded◆arebeingremoved和arebeingputinto都是现在进行时的被动语态。三峡大坝“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨”毛泽东曾写过一首词，在这首词里，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”的壮丽景观。如今，他的理想变成了现实。三峡大坝制服了世界第三长河——长江的激流。修建三峡大坝是自修筑长城和开凿大运河以来中国最大的建筑工程，它控制了长江的洪灾并为我国中部地区提供电力。大坝将近200米高，1500米宽。它是世界上最大的水力发电站和大坝，造价超过历史上的其他任何一项工程。早在1919年，领导了辛亥革命的孙逸仙(中山)先生就首次提出了要横跨长江修筑大坝的设想。中国四分之三的能量是通过燃煤获得的。1993年，中国烧掉了12亿吨煤用于供热和发电。不幸的是，燃煤导致了严重的大气污染，加剧了全球变暖。大坝将要生产相当于燃烧4000万吨煤所生产的电量，但却不会造成那么严重的大气污染。水库淹没了2个城市、11个县、140个镇和4000多个村庄。生活在这一地区的100多万人已经从他们的家园搬走了。现在，他们在不同的地区过着幸福的新生活。三峡是中国风光最美丽的地区之一。由于大坝工程，一些著名的历史遗迹被水淹没，包括屈原祠、汉望塔和摩崖石刻。大约800处历史遗迹已被淹没。有些被搬迁，有些正被搬进博物馆。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解AAdamisaman­madestructurebuiltacrossariver.Mostdamsarebuilttocontrolariver’swaterflow,improvenavigationandcontrolflooding.However,somedamsarebuilttoproducehydro­electricpower.Hydro­electricpowerisproducedaswaterpassesthroughadam,andintoariverbelow.Themorewaterthatpassesthroughadam,themoreenergyisproduced.Onceadamisbuilt,aman­madelakeiscreatedbehindthedam.Electricityisproducedbyakindofequipmentcalledaturbine(涡轮机)．Turbinescontainmetalcoils(线圈)surroundedbymagnets(磁铁)．Whenthemagnetsmoveroundrapidlyoverthemetalcoils,electricityisproduced.Turbinesarelocatedinsidedams.Thefallingwatermakesthemagnetsgoaroundthecoils.Damsprovidecleanenergy,buttheycanalsoharmtheenvironment.Speciesthatuseriverstoreproduceareoftenhurtbydams.InthenorthwestoftheUS,thepopulationoffisheshasdroppedfrom16millionto2.5millionsincehydro­electricplantswerebuiltontheColumbiaRiver.Damsallovertheworldhavehurtsomespecies.ThehighestdamintheUnitedStatesislocatednearOroville,California.TheOrovilleDamtowers230metresandismorethanamilewide.Thisdamwasbuiltin1968,22yearsaftertheHooverDam.TheHooverDam,ontheNevada­ArizonabordercontrolstheColoradoRiver.Itis221metreshighandhas2.6millionhectare­metresofwater.ThehighestdamintheworldistheNurekDamontheVakhshRiverinTajikistan,acountryincentralAsia.Thisdamis300metrestall.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大坝的定义、作用、利弊和水力发电的原理，以及美国及世界上最高的大坝等知识。1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofadamaccordingtothepassage?A．Tocontrolariver’swaterflow.B．Toimprovenavigationandtocontrolflooding.C．Toreducethepopulationofsomespeciesofanimals.D．Toproducehydro­electricpower.C解析：细节理解题。从第一段可知A、B、D三项正确，从第四段的．..buttheycanalsoharmtheenvironment.Speciesthatuseriverstoreproduceareoftenhurtbydams.可知造成某些动物物种数量减少是大坝带来的负面作用，故C项不对。2．Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsus________．A．howhydro­electricpowerisproducedB．whataturbineisandhowitworksC．howthemagnetsandthemetalcoilsworkD．howthefallingwaterpassesthroughaturbineA解析：段落大意题。第三段主要告诉我们水电是怎样通过一些设备产生的，故答案为A。3．Whichofthefollowingcanexplaintheunderlinedword“reproduce”inthefourthparagraph?A．Produceyounganimals.B．Findfoods.C．Livein.D．Makeasamephotograph.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的InthenorthwestoftheUS,thepopulationoffisheshasdroppedfrom16millionto2.5millionsincehydro­electricplantswerebuiltontheColumbiaRiver.可知，某些动物物种的数量在下降是因为建在河流上的大坝使得动物不能在水中繁殖，故选A。BTheGlobalHeritageFundorganizationrecentlyreleasedalistofculturaltreasuresinthedevelopingworldthatareindangerofdisappearing.These“On__the__Verge”placesfacemanythreats(威胁).Theyincludewar,developmentpressures,stealingandmisusebyvisitors.TheGlobalHeritageFundsaystheseplacesareimportantbecausetheyarerecordsofourhumancivilization.Andthegroupsayscountriescanlearntousethesetreasurestohelpsupportresponsibledevelopmentinthefuture.OnesuchplaceisthetownofLamu.LamuwasonceaveryimportanttradingcenterinEastAfrica.ThisancientcitybecamepartoftheUnitedNationsWorldHeritagelistin2001.Butitstillfacesthreats.Forexample,amodernportmightbebuiltnearby.OtherendangeredplacesincludeAni,acityinTurkey,thetownofMalutiinIndia,theancientcityofNinevahinnorthernIraq,theSans­SoucipalaceinHaiti,andtheformercapitalofAyutthayainThailand.TheGlobalHeritageFundisanonprofit(非营利的)organizationbasedinCalifornia.Thegroupsaysitonlyfocusesondevelopingcountrieswhichoftenhavefewresourcestoprotectplacesofculturalimportance.And,othermajorculturalorganizationsoftenpaymoreattentiontoprotectingplacesinthedevelopedworld.Forexample,thefundpointsoutthattheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationhasforty­fiveWorldHeritageplacesinItaly.UNESCOhasforty­twoinSpain.ButPeru,famousforitsancientIncanbuildings,hasonlynineWorldHeritageplaces.Guatemalahasonlythree.TheGlobalHeritageFundsaysitsnewreporttriestoplaceavalueonculturalplacessothattheycanalsobeconsideredaseconomicresources.Itestimatesthatby2025,theseplacesofculturalimportancecouldproduceonehundredbilliondollarsayearininefordevelopingcountries.【解题导语】全球文化遗产基金会公布了发展中国家一些面临消亡险境的古文化城市，基金会正在设法保护这些城市。4.Theunderlinedpart“OntheVerge”inParagraph1isusedtoshowtheplacesare________．A．popular B．famousC．endangered D．dangerousC解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“indangerofdisappearing”以及“facemanythreats(威胁)”可知画线部分是指这些古文化城市处于消亡的险境。5．ThetownofLamufacesdangerfrom________．A．developmentpressures B．stealingC．misusebyvisitors D．awarA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Forexample,amodernportmightbebuiltnearby.”可知Lamu面临着新发展所带来的压力。6.WecanknowthattheGlobalHeritageFundorganizationmainly________．A．protectsplacesofculturalimportanceindevelopingcountriesB．protectsplacesofculturalimportanceindevelopedcountriesC．providesresourcestoprotectculturalplacesineverycountryD．helpspeopleknowtheimportanceofprotectingculturaltreasuresA解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thegroupsaysitonlyfocusesondevelopingcountrieswhichoftenhavefewresourcestoprotectplacesofculturalimportance.”可知全球文化遗产基金会主要是致力于保护发展中国家的那些古文化城市。7．WhichofthefollowingcountrieshasthefewestWorldHeritageplaces?A．Italy. B．Guatemala.C．Peru. D．Spain.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...forty­fiveWorldHeritageplacesinItaly...Guatemalahasonlythree.”可知应选B。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)完形填空“DrCarr！Isityou？Isitreallyyou？”Iturnedandsawasmilingyoungmancallingme.ItwasGibby.Twelveyearsagowhenhe__1__myclasstobeginthefifthgrade,hewasashy,overweightlittleboywhoalwayskept__2__．Asanewstudenthehada__3__timeduringthefirstfewmonths.Ioften__4__thatwhentheboysbegantochoose__5__foragame,littleGibbywouldusuallybe__6__，standingasidelonely.ManytimesIwentoutontheplaygroundand__7__theboys.WheneverIchosemyteam,Iwould__8__Gibby’sname.Myteammightnothavebeenthebest,__9__wewereobviouslythehappiestandthemosthard­working,especiallyGibby.Everytimehewouldtrymuchharderthananyoneelse.__10__，hegainedconfidence(信心)and__11__tosmileandtalkmore.Now,afterthose__12__，herethelittleGibbystoodinfrontofmelikeatower.Hesaidhewasamanagerofaputerpany.Andabigsmile__13__onhisfaceashecontinued,“But,DrCarr,doyouknowthethingthatI__14__mostaboutyou？”I__15__myhead.“Well,”hesaid,ashe__16__mewithdeepblueeyes,“wheneveryougota(n)__17__tochooseteamsontheplayground,youneverleftmealone.ThatletmeknowIhad__18__too.”Iwas__19__deeply.WhatIdidtwelveyearsagomadehimfindhisself­confidence,butwhathesaidtodaymakesmeknowthatIcanmakeadifference.FromhimIknowhowto__20__betterinthefuture.【解题导语】本文讲述了一个因为自己的努力而改变了一个学生的命运的故事。1．A.passed B．enteredC．visited D．taughtB解析：由下文