新概念2知识点总结_第1页
新概念2知识点总结_第2页
新概念2知识点总结_第3页
新概念2知识点总结_第4页
新概念2知识点总结_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩65页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

PAGE新概念2知识点总结第一部分、时态总结一、一般过去时;一、定义。1.表示过去的动作或状态,常和明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday,lastweek,threedaysago,in1998,justnow等,或与由when引导的从句连用。2.也可以表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复出现的动作。句子中常带有everyday,often,usually,always,sometimes等时间状语。例:WhenIworkedinthecompany,Igotupearlyeverymorning.在那家公司上班时,我每天早晨都起得很早。Inthepastfewyearssheusuallywenttouringduringhersummerholidays.在过去的几年里,每逢暑假她总是出去旅游。二、一般过去时态句子结构1.Be动词的一般过去时态在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,amis的过去式为was;are的过去式为were.如:Iwaslateyesterday.Weweren'tlateyesterday.Shewasn'tateacherthreeyearsago.Wereyouillyesterday?Weretheyonceyourclassmates?Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasn't.Whowereyourbestfriendsinyourprimaryschool?2.实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式did.如:Iwenthomeatnineo'clockyesterday.Ididn'tgohomeyesterday.Hedidn'ttellmeaboutyou.Didyougohomeyesterday?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn't.Whendidyoufinishyourhomeworklastnight/thedaybeforeyesterday?3.助动词和情态动词过去式如下:shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数will―would(将要)用于所有人称can―could(能,会)may―might(可以)must―must(必须)haveto―hadto(不得不)助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。如:Ihadtodomyhomeworkyesterday.(昨天我不得不做作业。)三、一般过去时态动词变化形式一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。1)一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。如:play―playedwork―worked2)以e结尾的动词只加d.如:likelikedlove―loved3)以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词,变Y为I,再加ed.如:study―studiedcarry―carried4)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写最后这个辅音字母,再加ed.如:stop―stopped5)不以ed结尾的过去式,称为不规则动词,如:write(写)--wrotego-wentdo-didhave-hadsee-sawtake-tookmake-madecome-camebuy-bought技巧:巧记一般过去时:【一巧】时间状语(即标志词)巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样,形式多样:当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时,谓语动词用was;主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用were。例如:Iwasintheclassroomyesterdaymorning.昨天早上我在教室里。HewasatschoollastTuesday.上周二他在学校。Theywereoverthereamomentago.刚才他们在那边。【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句,并且was,were与not可以缩写成wasn't,weren't。即:主语+wasn't/weren't+表语+其他。例如:Iwasnot(=wasn't)hereyesterday.昨天我不在这儿。Myparentswerenot(=weren't)athomelastSunday.上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】疑问句式巧。把was,were提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即:Was(Were)+主语+表语+其他?这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。例如:Wereyouathomethedaybeforeyesterday﹖前天你在家吗?Wasshelatethismorning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗?更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似,肯定回答用“Yes,主语+was/were.”;否定回答用“No,主语+wasn't/weren't.”。例如:—WereWeiHuaandHanMeiherejustnow﹖刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗?—Yes,theywere.(No,theyweren't.)是的,她们在。(不,她们不在。)练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I______anEnglishteachernow.2.She_______happyyesterday.3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_______twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.7.Today_______thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children'sDay.二、用动词的适当形式填空1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.6.Jim_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday.8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She__________(find)abeautifulbutterfly.1.He_________(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We_______(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy________(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I________(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They________(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother_______(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls________(sing)and_______(dance)attheparty.9.It______(be)Ben'sbirthdaylastFriday.10.Weall______(have)agoodtimelastnight.11.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.二、现在完成时一.句型:Eg:Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Hehasn’twateredtheflowers.Havetheywatchedthefilm?Yes,theyhave.No,theyhaven’t.二.用法1、现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果Eg.Ihavespentallofmymoney(sofar).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jimhas(just/already)come.(含义:吉姆现在在这儿)Myfatherhasgonetowork.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)2、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)③since+时段+ago④since+从句(过去时)⑤Itis+时段+since+从句(过去时)E.g.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.三、现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:*以already,just和yet为标志Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的帮助。Hehasjustseenthefilm.他刚刚看过这场电影。Hehasn'tcomebackyet.他还没有回来。*以ever和never为标志ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从没有到过北京。*以动作发生的次数为标志HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他说他已经去过美国三次了。*以sofar(到目前为止)为标+beforeHehasgottoBeijingsofar.到目前为止他已到了北京。注意:1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用3)现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用.四、过去分词变法小结1、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。e.g.workworkedworked(2)、以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。e.g.livelivedlived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“ed”。studystudiedstudied,crycriedcried(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。stopstoppedstopped,dropdropped--dropped2、不规则动词:AAA型E.g.letletletcutcutcutAAB型E.g.beatbeatbeatenABA型E.g.becomebecamebecomerunranrunABB型E.g.bringbroughtbroughtfeelfeltfeltABC型E.g.beginbeganbegundrivedrovedriven五、易混知识辨析1、hasgone(to),hasbeen(to)的区别Have/Hasgone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Whereisyourfather?HehasgonetoShanghai.Have/Hasbeen(to):去过(已不在去过的地方)MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.2、since和for的区别since后接时间点,如1993,lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。Exercise:1、用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIreland______Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland______threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia______15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting______20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.Keys:1.since2.for3.for4.since5.since6.for7.for8.since2、单项选择1.-Wherehaveyou_____,Kate?-I've______tothebank.A.gone,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.been,gone2、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten3、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better4、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying5、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew6、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish7、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin8、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen3、填空。1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.9.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?10.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?三、一般将来时一、用法.“will/shall+动词原形”构成的一般将来时,其被动形式为“will/shall+be+过去分词”。(1)表示单纯的将来。如:Hereldersisterwillbethirtyyearsoldnextmonth.下个月她姐姐就30岁了。(2)表示在说话时决定要去做某事。如:Wearereallylost.I’llstoptoasksomeonetheway.我们真的迷路了。我要停下来问问路。(3)用于“祈使句+连词+简单句”固定句式中。如:Gostraightonandyou’llseeachurch.Youwon’tmissit.直走你就会看到一座教堂,你不会错过的。二.一般将来时的句型(have/hasdone)1.肯定句:Theworkerswillbuildanewschoolherenextyear.2.否定句:Hewon’tplayfootballwithyoubeforehefinisheshiswork.3.疑问句:Willyoubebackintenminutes?4.特殊疑问句:Wherewillyougonextweek?三、注意事项1.用“begoingto+动词原形”构成的一般将来时。(1)人作主语时表示打算,“有计划要做”。如:Mydaughterisgoingtobeadoctorwhenshegrowsup.我女儿打算长大后当医生。(2)物作主语时表示目前有迹象表明将要发生某事,“有……的趋势(如天气变化)”。如:Lookattheblackclouds.It’sgoingtorain.看那些乌云,要下雨了。(3).在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中,主句一般不用be

going

to,而常用will(第一人称用shall)。从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时:如:The

football

match

will

be

put

off

if

it

rains

tomorrow.

如果明天下雨,足球赛将被推迟举行。(4).在时间、条件或让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来。如:Theywillgohomeforthewintervacationassoonastheyfinishtheirexams.他们一考完试就回家过寒假。Exercise()1.He_______abletocomeonFridaybecausehefailsinhisexam.A.willbenotB.willnotbeC.isgoingtobeD.isn’tgoingbe()2.–When________again?--Whenhe____________,I’llletyouknow.A.hecomes;comesB.willhecome;willcomeC.hecomes;willhecomeD.willhecome;comes()3.DoyouthinkTom______________hisuncleifhearrives?A.calledB.callsC.willcallD.iscalling()4.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilit_______.A.willstopB.stopsC.shallstopD.isstopped()5.We________beginourlessonsifyou_________ready.A.will;willbeB.shall;WillgetC.will;getD./;are()6.I’lltellheraboutitassoonasshe___________back.A.shallcomeB.willcomeC.comesD.isgoingtocome()7.It’sSaturdaytomorrow.I’mgladwe______anyclasses.SoamI.I’llgofishing.Wouldyouliketogowithme?A.haven’thadB.won’thaveC.don’thaveD.wouldn’thave()8.She________himalovelydogonhisnextbirthday.A.givesB.gaveC.willgivingD.isgoingtogive()9.Ifit________tomorrow,we’llhaveapicnic.A.isn’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’trainD.doesn’tfine()10.We________thehomeworkthiswaynexttime.A.doB.willdoC.goingtodoD.willdoing()11.Thedayaftertomorrowhe________avolleyballmatch.A.willwatchingB.watchesC.iswatchingD.isgoingtowatch()12.There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe()13.________aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare()14Iftheycome,we________ameeting.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.wouldhavetobe()15.They________anEnglisheveningnextSunday.A.arehavingB.aregoingtohaveC.willhavingD.isgoingtohave(

)16.

Charlie________herenextmonth.A.isn’tworking

B.doesn’tworkingC.isn’tgoingtoworking

D.won’twork(

)17.

He________verybusythisweek,he________freenextweek.A.willbe;is

B.is;isC.willbe;willbe

D.is;willbe(

)18.

There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.was

B.isgoingtohaveC.willhave

D.isgoingtobe四、将来进行时一、将来进行时的构成将来进行时是由"shall/will+be+现在分词"构成的。E.g.Don'tphonemebetween8:00and10:00.We'llbehavingclassesthen.二、将来进行时的用法①将来进行时的基本用法:表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。常与soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,intwodays,tomorrowevening等表示将来的时间状语连用例如:I'llbetakingmyholidaysoon.我不久就去度假了。②将来进行时的特殊用法表示原因、结果或猜测。例如:Pleasecometomorrowafternoon,TomorrowmorningI'llbehavingameeting.请你明天下午来吧。我明天上午有个会。(表原因)Stopthechildorhewillbefallingover.抓住那个孩子,要不他会掉下去的。(表结果)Youwillbemakingamistake.你会出错的。(表推测)B.用在问句中,表示委婉礼貌。Whenshallwebemeetingagain?我们什么时候再见面?C.表示稍后一点儿的安排。ThestudentsarestudyingUnit3thisweek,andnextweekthey'llbestudyingUnit4.这周学生们学第三单元,下周他们将学第四单元。【注意】在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在进行时代替将来进行时。如:Becarefulwhenyouarecrossingthestreet.过马路时要当心。Exercise将来进行时练习1.What____you_____thistimetomorrow?Awill…doBwill…havedoneCwill…bedoneDwill…bedoing2.Thestreetlights____onwhennightfalls.AwillhavegoneBwillhavebeengoingCwillbegoingDwillbegone3.Joe____thepianoinafewminutes.AshallbeplayedBwillhavebeenplayingCshallbeplayingDwillhaveplayed4.I____mygrandmotheratthreethisafternoon.AshallbevisitingBshallhavevisitedCshallbevisitingDwillvisit5.“Canyouattendthepartytonight?”“No,_____thebossaboutsomethingurgent.”AIseeBIshallhaveseenCI’llbeseeingDIcansee【将来进行时与一般将来时的比较】两者都表示将来的行为,但在用法上有所区别:(1)将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作;而一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。如:Shewon’tbehavingameetinginherofficeat8:00tomorrow.明天8点她不在办公室开会。Whatwillyoudoatfivetomorrowafternoon?明天下午五点你将干什么?(2)将来进行时常用来表示说话人设想已经安排好的事;而一般将来时表示临时决定。如:WewillbetakingourholidayattheseasideinJuly.七月份我们要去海边度假。-DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?你告诉朱莉娅结果了吗?-Oh,no.Iwillcallhernow.噢,没有。我现在就告诉她。(3)将来进行时不表示个人意愿。如:Theywillbemeetingusatthestation.他们会在车站接我们的。(4)将来进行时比一般将来时在语气上要委婉客气。如:Whenwillyoufinishtheseletters?你什么时候会处理完这些信件?WhenshallIbeexpectingyouthisevening?今天晚上我几点等你?五、过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past)”。|||>那时以前那时现在构成:过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成,其中had通用于各种人称。E.g.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.二、过去完成时的判断依据1.由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:(1)by+过去的时间点。如:Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+过去的时间点。如:WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+过去的时间点。如:TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:(1)宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.(2)状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意:before,after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.(3)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"

Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.3.根据上、下文来判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。如:WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如:Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.(hadwritten发生在told之前)3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already,yet,still,just,before,never等时间副词及by,before,until等引导的短语或从句连用。如:BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。如:Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.(hadworked已有了20年,还有继续进行下去的可能)四、易混时态辨析1、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have(has)+过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。试比较:Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。—I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起,让你久等了。—Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)—Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.约翰昨天回到家的。—Wherehadhebeen?他去哪儿了?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returnedhome之前去了哪些地方,即“过去的过去”)2、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:1).时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.2).在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如:Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncompetition.3).当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在before,after,assoonas引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如:Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.I(had)calledherbeforeIlefttheoffice.例题解析:1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.A.studied,hadgoneB.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goesD.hadstudied,hadgone解析:"他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年"。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前,因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy解析:Itwas+时间段+since引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto解析:"小培说她去了海南三个月"。havebeento和havegoneto都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的havebeenin.应选B.第二部分、直接引语与间接引语直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,一般要加引号。间接引语:用自己的话应用别人的话,不用引号。间接引语的三要素:1)引导词2)语序3)时态(及人称的变化)间接引语:四种情况主句从句(语序):主+谓+宾+...1陈述句(句号)that(可省略)2一般疑问句(问号)if/whether(…ornot)引导词3特殊疑问句(问号)特殊疑问词(what/how开头)紧记:特殊疑问词+todosth.4祈使句/请求ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.时态:主句:一般现在时从句:任何时态主句:一般过去时从句:过去的某种时态主句:真理(无论什么时态)从句:一般现在时图表解析分类连接词例句注意事项补充说明当直接引语为“陈述句”时连接词:that(口语中常常省略)Hesays,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”--Hesays(that)hewillgototheparktomorrow.Hesaid,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”--Hesaid(that)hewouldgototheparktomorrow.Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.”--Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher..1.连接词:that2.人称:1主,2宾,3不变3.时态。1.黑体部分是连接词。斜体部分为间接引语部分。2.间接引语部分均为陈述语序。3.间接引语部分实际上是宾语从句,连接词之间的叫主句。4.当主句是一般现在时态,间接引语部分与直接引语的时态相同。5.当主句是一般过去时态,间接引语部分变为相应的过去时态。当直接引语是“一般疑问句”时。连接词:if或者whether.可译为:是否Heaskedme,“Areyougoodatmath?’HeaskedmeifIwasgoodatmath.HeaskedAmy,“Doyouloveme?”HeaskedAmywhethershelovedhim.Heasksme,“Isshereading?”Heasksmeifsheisreading.1.连接词:if,whether2.语序:改为“陈述语序”。

(去掉:Do,Does,Did

改变Are,Is,Will,Can…位置)3.人称:1主,2宾,3不变4.时态。当直接引语为“特殊疑问句”时。连接词:直接引语中的特殊疑问词。

Heaskedhiswife,“Howareyou?”Heaskedhiswifehowshewas.Heaskedme,“Whatcolordoyoulike?”HeaskedmewhatcolorIliked.Heasksme,“wherewillshego3dayslater.”Heasksmewhereshewillgo3dayslater.1.连接词:特殊疑问词2.语序:改为“陈述语序”。(去掉:Do,Does,Did

改变Are,Is,Will,Can…位置)3.人称:1主,2宾,3不变4.时态。当直接引语为“祈使句”时没有连接词。用:ask(tell)sb.todosth改写。或tell(ask)sb.nottodosth.改写HesaidtoAmy,“Becareful!”--HeaskedAmytobecareful.Heshouted,“Lily,Closethedoor.”--HetoldLilytoclosethedoor.Hesaidtome,“Don’tbelate.”--Heaskedmenottobelate.1.不用连接词2.不改变时态。3.无须考虑语序4.人称:1主,2宾,3不变1.斜体部分为间接引语部分。2.间接引语部分是动词不定式,在句中作宾语补足语。Exercise()1)Doyouknow____________.Awhathe’slookingforB)whatishelookingforC)whatdoeshelookforD)hisislookingfor()2)I’mnotsure__________.Awhatishisname.B)whathisnameis.C)hisnameiswhatD)what’shisname()3)Idon’tknow_________.AwheredoesheliveB)wheredidheliveC)wherehelivesD)heliveswhere()4)Ididn’tknow______________.AwhatshesaidB)whatdidshesayC)whatshespokeD)whatwasshespeaking()5)Idon’tknow__________.AwhenhewillcomebackB)whenwillhecomebackC)whendoeshecomebackD)whendidhecomeback按要求转换句子:陈述句1)Shesays,”Iamateacher.”Shesays2)Shesaid,”Iamateacher.”Shesaid一般疑问句1)“AreyoufromJapan?”hesaystome.He()me2)“AreyoufromJapan?”hesaidtome.He()me特殊疑问句3)“Whendoesthetrainarrive?”Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme4)“Whendoesthetrainarrive?”Pleasetoldme.Pleasetoldme祈使句/请求1)“Don’tmakeanynoise.”MothersaystoTom.Mother()Tom2)“openthewindow.”MrLisaidtome.MrLi()me3)“Wouldyouliketoshowmeyourbook?”Katesaystome.Kate()me__________________第三部分、被动语态一、语态概述英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。例如:manypeoplespeakEnglish.谓语:speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例如:Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。例如:Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。(主动句)Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。(被动句)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。及物动词本身意义不完整,后必须带宾语,有些还可以带双宾。不及物动词本身意义完整,不需要带宾语,如带宾语必须通过介词。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时:am/is/are+eaten一般过去时:was/were+eaten一般将来时:willbe+eatenam/is/are+goingtobeeaten现在进行时:am/is/arebeing+eaten现在完成时:have/hasbeen+eaten歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。(没有必要或说出出版者)(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如:Thewindowwasbrokenbymike.窗户是迈克打破的。ThisbookwaswrittenbyLunxun.这本书是他写的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”。例如:wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.--Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Wemustfinishthisworksoon.--Thisworkmustbedonesoon.六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.(1)时态保持一致。Ihaverepairedmycomputer.Mycomputerhasbeenrepaired.(2)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim.--Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.(3)主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy//get用for;动词give//send/lend/take用to)Viviangavemeabook.(双宾语,人间物直,me为间接宾语,abook为直接宾语)--IwasgivenabookbyVivian.--AbookwasgiventomebyVivian.(直接宾语提前时,要在间接宾语前加介词)(4)主动语态若有复合宾语,(即句子结构为主+及物动词+宾+宾补),将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,宾补不变。TheycallhimLouis.--HeiscalledLouis(5)主动语态句中动词make,have,let(使sb做sth),notice.see.watch,lookat,hear,listento,feel等变成被动语态时,后面的不定式需要加上to.Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes.--Hewasmadetowashthedishes.(6)主动形式表被动.Thepoemreadswell.(7)有些动词不能用于被动语态takeplace/happen/cometrue/breakout/belongto等。Allyourdreamswillcometrueifyoutryyourbest.Exercise1)将下列主动句转换成被动句。1.Theteachertoldhimnottowastetimeonplayingcomputergames.¬__________________________________________________________________2.IgavemycousinatoyatChristmas.¬__________________________________________________________________3.Theyshoulddoitrightnow.¬__________________________________________________________________4.TheynamedtheboyJohnson.¬__________________________________________________________________5.Themonsterletthelittlegirlcleanthecave.¬__________________________________________________________________6.PeopleinthetownlaughatMikeforhisfancydress.¬__________________________________________________________________7.Wecan’tdoitinoneday.__________________________________________________________________8.Isawadogcrossingtheroad.__________________________________________________________________9.Youngpeoplemusttakegoodcareofoldpeople___________________________________________________________________10.Theworkersarebuildinganewrailwaybetweenthetwocities.___________________________________________________________________2).选择正确答案1.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof2.Nopermissionhas________foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begiven3.I_______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven4.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfrom5.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding6.Thisbike________lastyear.A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenbought7.Didyouseethehousethat_______byfirelastyear?A.wasdestroyingB.destroyedC.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyed8.It_______whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.isn’tdecidingC.doesn’tdecideD.hasn’tdecided9.Thepen_______me.Itishers.A.isn’tbelongtoB.wasn’tbelongtoC.doesn’tbelongtoD.didn’tbelongto10.Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepairedC.willrepairD.wasrepairing11.-Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.It_____forweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned12.—Howlong_______atthisjob?—Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed13.Forests______andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut14.Hundredsofjobs_______ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose15.Anewcinema_______here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt第四部分、If条件句(真实&虚拟)一、概况引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生,条件是可能存在的,主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如:Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论