中西海洋文明史 课件全套 Chapter 1 Chinese and Western Ocean Legends-Chapter 5 Chinese and Western Maritime Rights and Interests

ChineseandWestern

OceanLegendsChapterI

CONTENTS1

LegendoftheOceanOrigins2LegendarySeaDeities3LegendarySeaStoriesLead-inStoriesHundunandSevenOrificesHundungoveredCentralHeaven,andhetreatedShu(EmperoroftheSouthernSea)andHu(EmperoroftheNorthernSea)kindly.TheydecidedtofixHundunwithoneorificeaday,andsevendayslater,Hundunfellanddied.WhatdoyoumakeofthecauseofHundun’sdeath?Lead-inStoriesFactsofGaia(Gaea)SECTION1ChineseStoriesofOceanOriginTheStoryofPanguYinYangPangucouldn’tbearthestuffyeggandspliteditintotwohalves.Heusedhisarmstokeepyinandyangseparatefromeachother.Intheend,hisbodypartsmadeupthewholeworld.ChineseStoriesofOceanOriginTheStoryofNüwaGonggongbashedhisheadagainstBuzhoumountain—oneofthefourpillarsholdinguptheheavens.Inordertosaveherchildren,Nüwameltedstonesofthefivecolourstorepairtheheavens.Aftershewasdone,shewassotiredthatshelaidtodowntorestanddiedfromexhaustion.NüwaisapopularChinesegoddessassociatedwithfertilityandmarriage.TheStoryofGuixuGuixuwasanendlessabysswherefivemountainssit,namelyDaiyu,Yuanqiao,Fanghu,Yingzhou,andPenglai.Fifteengianttortoisesweresenttocarrythesesacredmountain.However,peoplefromLongbokilledtortoisesinDaiyuandYuanqiao,thusmakingthesetwomountainsdriftedfarawaywiththewavesandsankintothesea.Fromthenon,onlyFanghu,Yingzhou,andPenglaiwereleftinGuixu.ChineseStoriesofOceanOriginWesternStoriesofOceanOriginPontusPontuswastheprimordialgodofthesea.Hewastheseaitself,notmerelyitsresidentdeity,whowasbornfrom

Chaos

alongside

Tartarus,

Gaea,

Uranus,

Nyx,andmanyotherprimordialgods.Pontusisseenastheembodimentofthesearatherthanagodwholivesintherealmofthesea.WesternStoriesofOceanOriginNjordNjordisthegodofthesea,wind,wealth,andfertility.Njordhasthepowertocontrolthewaves,thestorms,andthecurrents,andhecangrantfavorableweatherandsafevoyagestothosewhoworshiphim.Healsohastheabilitytocalmtheseaandthewind,andhecanbringpeaceandharmonytotheworld.WesternStoriesofOceanOriginMamiWataMamiWataisoneofthetermmostusedtorefertomermaidentityinAfricanculture.Althoughtheoriginsofhercreationcannotbepinpointed,itislikelytohaveoriginatedaroundthecoastofGuineaandfondlyusedinotherWestAfricanculturessuchasGhana&Nigeria.MamiWatahasbecomeoneofthemostprominentwaterspiritofAfricanfolkloreduetothefactthatshecanbereferencedmoreasaconceptratherthanasinglebeing.DidYouKnow?123Westernersstilloftenrefertotheearthas“Gaia”Wordswith“Gaia”astheirrootaremostlyrelatedtotheearth:geology,geographyTheroots“gen,”“gene,”and“gener”arerelatedtoproductionandreproduction:generate,generationGaiaVS.NüwaGaia(Gaea)’smeaninginEnglishGaia:createsgods;respectedastheancestoroftheWesternworldNüwa:createshumanbeingsDidYouKnow?TitanTitan(orTitanes)’sextendedmeaningthegiant,thegreatmanChineseOceanMythsagreatspiritofsacrificeaspirationforatranquilandpeacefullifeChineseOceanMythsWesternOceanMythsVS.WesternOceanMythsconquest,possession,violence,andbloodinessGodissuperiortothemortalsSECTION2Lead-inStoriesChapter49ofJourneytotheWest

theDragonKingsoftheFourSeasLead-inStoriesZeusPoseidonChineseSeaDeitiesGuanyinGuanyin(观音)isthegoddessofmercyandconsideredtobethephysicalembodimentofcompassion.ChineseSeaDeitiesTheDragonKingInChinesemythology,Longwang(龙王)lordsovertheseasandisknownasthe“DragonKing.”Heisafearsomeguardiandeitywhocontrolsalldragons,seacreatures,theoceans,andtheweather.Althoughhehasatemper,Longwangisseenasasymbolofgoodfortuneandthemythologicalembodimentoftheconceptofyang.ChineseSeaDeitiesMazuMazuwasmostwell-knownforguidingshipstoshoreduringstorms,evensavingherownfamilyfromdrowningbyrescuingtheminspiritform.Asaprotectoroftravellers,herswereamongthefirsttemplesestablishedbyChinesepeopleoverseas.ThishasenabledMazuismtospreadwellbeyonditsrootsinFujiantootherAsiancountries,Australia,andtheUnitedStates.WesternSeaDeitiesOceanusOceanuswasadivinefigureinclassicalantiquity.Hewasthe

Titan

Godoftheseas,rivers,waterandachildof

Oranos and

Gaea.

Inothertales,Oceanuswasportrayedasthe“originofeverything.”WesternSeaDeitiesPoseidonPoseidon

wasthe

Greek

godoftheseaandrivers,thecreatorofstormsandfloods,andthebringerofearthquakesanddestruction.Hewasaprotectortomarinersand,asatamerofhorses,thepatronofthatanimalandhorsebreeding.WesternSeaDeitiesAmphitriteAmphitrite,inGreekmythology,thegoddessofthesea,wifeofthegodPoseidon,andoneofthe50(or100)daughters(theNereids)ofNereusandDoris(thedaughterofOceanus).StoryLinksFourwatermonstersinTheClassicofMountainsandSeasHuashe（化蛇）Jimeng（计蒙）Yuer（于儿）Tuowei（鼍围）StoryLinksSeamonstersinGreekmythScyllaSirenDidYouKnow?TheimageofdragonDidYouKnow?DuZhanAoTou

独占鳌头DidYouKnow?TheworshipofMazu1.kind,generousandpositivefigureswhobringbenefitstothepeople2.mostofthemaremercifulandgenerouswomen3.compassionatefigureswithgreatpowersChineseseadeitiesVS.1.theweakeningofkinship2.barelyshowanymercyandkindness3.possessnoboundlesspowerWesternseadeitiesChinesepeoplehaveamoregenerousandtolerantunderstandingofthesea,andtheyareeagertobeprotectedandliveinharmony.Westerners’strongerdesiretoconquerandexplore,aswellastheirintentiontosubjugatetheworldbyforce.SECTION3ChineseSeaStoriesTheBirdJingweiFillingtheSeaNvwa,theyoungestandmostfavoreddaughteroftheSunGod,lostherlifetothemercilesssea.Aftershedied,Nvwaturnedintoabirdwithredclawsandawhitebeak,vowingtofillupthesea.It'swidelyconsideredasasymbolofdoggeddeterminationandperseveranceinthefaceofseeminglyimpossibleodds.ChineseSeaStoriesNezhaRiotingtheSeasNezha,bornfromashapelessballofflesh,wasbornasaboyinsteadofaninfantandcouldwalkandspeakfromthemomentheemerged.InordertoappeaseAoGuang,theSeaDragonKingoftheEast,NeZhaofferedhimselfasasacrifice,committingsuicidetosavehisfamilyandtownfromdestruction.ChineseSeaStoriesEightImmortalsCrossingtheSeaTheBaXian(八仙),alsocalledtheEightImmortals,areagroupoflegendaryheroesofancienttimeswhofightforjusticeandvanquishevil,accordingtoChinesemythology.TheywereonceinvitedbyotherimmortalstoenjoypeoniesbutwereblockedbytheDragonKingoftheEasternSeaontheirwayhome.Theeightthusshowedtheirownmagicpowers.Intheend,theeighteachheldtheirtreasuresandrodethewindandwavesacrosstheEasternSea.WesternSeaStoriesOdysseusOdysseus,alegendaryhero,isoftencalled“OdysseustheCunning”becauseofhiscleverandquickmind.BesidesPolyphemus,Odysseusandhismenalsoencounteredmanyotherseamonstersandseaenchantresses.Aftertenyearsofmultipleordeals,OdysseusfinallystruggledtoreachhisbelovedIthaca.OdysseusandPolyphemustheCyclopsWesternSeaStoriesSirenIn

Greekmythology,the

Sirenwasadangerouscreaturethatlurednearbysailorswiththeirenchantingmusicandsingingvoicestoshipwreckontherockycoastoftheirisland.Odysseus

ordershimselftobetiedtotheship’smastsohemayhearSiren’ssongastheboatpasses.Heordershiscrewtoblocktheirearswithbeeswaxandtoignorehispleastobeuntied(sothathecannotleavetheshiptojointhesirens).WesternSeaStoriesMermaidsMermaids

arelegendary,aquaticcreatureswiththehead,armsandtorsoofahumanfemaleandthetailofafish.InGreeklegendstherearemermaidsthatcansinkshipsand

sirens

thatluresailorstotheirdoom.StoryLinksMermaidsinChinesefairytalesTheMermaid,directedbyHongKongdirectorStephenChowLingyuinShanHaiJingHeBoStoryLinksMermaidsinChinesefairytalesJiaoReninSouShenJithesilkhandkerchiefgivenbyJiaBaoyuJiaoxiao(鲛绡)StoryLinksMermaidsinChinesefairytales聂璜在《海错图》：“人鱼其长如人，肉黑发黄，手足眉目口鼻皆具，阴阳亦与男女同，惟背有翅，红色，后有短尾及胼指与人稍异耳。”林坤《诚斋杂记》：“海人鱼状如人，眉目口鼻手足皆为美丽女子，无不惧足，皮肉白如玉，灌少酒便如桃花，发如马尾，长五六尺，临海鳏寡居多取养池沼。”BaiQiulianinLiaozhaiZhiyiStoryLinksIsoHime（矶姬）inJapanInJapaneselegends,thereisamonster-likemermaidcalledIsoHime,butsheisahideousseamonster,growingafish-shapedlowerbody,ahugemouthcrackedtoherearswithsharpteethinside,andlonghornsonitshead.StoryLinksLoreleiinGermanyTherewasabeautifulgirlinGermanywhowasbetrayedbyherlover.Thegirlwassoangrythatshedrownedherselfintheriver.Afterdeath,sheturnedintoawaterdemonandsatontherockalongtheRhineRiver,combingherhairwhilesingingtolurethepassingboatmen.Heine,afamousGermanpoet,oncewroteapoemtitledLorelei.BecauseofHeine’sincrediblecreation,LoreleihasalsobecometheemblemoftheRhineRiver,themotherriverofGermany.DidYouKnow?TheQueenwiththelowestsenseofpresenceAmphitriteAmphitriteandPoseidon

1.anoptimistviewwhenfacingthesea2.generoussentimentsofharmoniouscoexistencewiththesea3.uniqueromanceChineseseastoriesVS.1.theseaisoppositetoaplaceforharmoniouscoexistence2.theseaisevil,soitmustbedefeatedatallcosts3.amixtureofloveandhateWesternseastoriesfullofinterestandcharmdisplaythevigorousandromanticspiritoftheChinesenationThankyouChineseandWesternExpeditionChapterTwo01ShipbuildingHistory0302CatalogueSeaExplorationHistorySeaExplorationTraditionShipbuildingHistorySection1ShipbuildingHistory12ChineseShipbuildingHistoryWesternShipbuildingHistorySTEP01STEP02EarlyChineseshipbuildinghistoryHollowGourdsInflatedanimalskinsSTEP03TreetrunkSTEP04STEP05CanoesTheNeolithicera16thto11thcenturyBCEPlantboattheSpringandAutumnPeriodandWarringStatesPeriodSTEP06春秋战国的战船主要有“大翼”“中翼”“小翼”“突冒”“楼舡”“桥舡”“余皇”“须虑船”“太白船”“戈船”“下濑船”等。新石器时代独木舟和筏隋代大龙舟秦汉时期大船队、楼船唐宋时期弦舸巨舰、“神舟”、水密舱壁汉朝楼船、“荣登”、“蒙冲”、“赤马”元朝时期五桅战船、六桅座船、七桅粮船、八桅马船、九桅宝船三国时期战船、车船、“飞云”、“盖海”明朝时期郑和宝船TheHistoryofChinese

Shipbuilding

ABCTheQinandHandynastiesTheTangandSongdynastiesTheMingDynastyTheThreePeaksofShipbuilding秦汉时期，是我国造船业发展史上出现的第一个高峰。据古书记载，秦始皇曾派大将率领用楼船组成的舰队攻打楚国。到了汉朝，以楼船为主力的水师已经十分强大。秦汉造船业的发达，为后世造船技术的进步，奠定了坚实的基础。三国时期的江东孙吴之地，便是历史上造船发达的吴越之地。晋朝在灭掉蜀汉后，为了灭掉吴国，曾派王漕建造楼船，船内可以承载2000多人，舱面建有瞭望台，船上可以驰马往来，被称为“舟相之盛，自古未有”。唐宋时期是我国造船史上出现的第二个高峰。我国古代造船也自此进入了成熟期，无论从船舶的数量上还是质量上，都体现出我国造船事业的高度发展。一是船体不断增大，结构也更加合理。二是造船数量不断增多。唐宋时期造船工场明显增加许多。三是造船工艺越来越先进。唐宋时期的建造的舟船不仅种类繁、体积大，而且工艺先进、结构坚固、载量大、航运快、安全可靠等优点，在国际上享有很高声誉。从7世纪以后，中国远洋船队就日益频繁的出现在万顷波涛的大洋上，当时的外国人皆用“世界上最先进的造船匠”的语言来称赞中国船工。明朝时期是我国造船业的第三个发展高峰。由于元朝经办以运粮为主的海运，又继承和发展了唐宋的先进造船工艺和技术，大量建造了各类船只，其数量与质量远远超过前代。元朝造船业的大发展，为明代建造五桅战船、六桅战船、七桅战船、八桅战船、九桅战船创造了十分有利的条件，迎来了我国造船业的新高潮。据考古新发现和古书上记载，明朝时期的造船工场分布之光、规模之大、配套之全，是历史上空前的，达到了我国古代造船史上的最高水平。010302041500sEngland’sTudormonarchs

adoptedanexpansivemaritimepolicy.18thcenturyBritain’sNorthAmericancoloniesproducedlargequantitiesoftonnage1450sPortugalproducedthecaravel17thcenturyFrance,Britain,Holland,Spain,andBalticportsweremajorshipbuildingcentersTheHistoryofEuropeanSailingShipDesignNorthAmericancolonies,andtheUnitedStateswerethechiefshipbuildingareas0519thcentury06TheDecliningroleofEuropeanshipbuilding20thcenturySeaExplorationHistorySection2SeaExplorationHistory12ChineseSeaExplorationWesternSeaExplorationChineseSeaExploration1.XuFu’sVoyagestotheEasternSeas1.SeekfortheelixirofimmortalityADCB

FourGuessesabouttheReasonsforXu’sVoyages2.Escapefromtyranny

3.Carryouta“secretmission”--expandawidermaritimeterritory4.Overseasmigration情景设计图文并茂简化设计循序渐进简化设计简化设计2.MingTreasureVoyagesZhengHe’sJourneytotheWesternOceanZhengHewasregardedasapeacemakeroftheMingDynasty.Zheng

He(1371–1433)

served

as

a

brilliant

military

leader,

maritime

explorer,

and

foreign

diplomat

under

the

Yongle

emperor

of

the

Ming

dynasty.

One

of

China’s

most

accomplished

admirals,

he

led

seven

expeditions

to

the

“Western

Oceans.”RoadmapofZhengHe'sSevenVoyagestotheWest宝船是郑和船队中最大的海船，也是郑和船队中的主体，也是郑和率领的海上特混舰队的旗舰，它在郑和船队中的地位相当于现代海军中的旗舰、主力舰。郑和宝船供郑和船队的指挥人员、使团人员及外国使节乘坐。同时，用它来装运宝物，有明朝皇帝赏赐给西洋各国的礼品、物品，也有西洋各国进贡明朝皇帝的贡品、珍品，还有郑和船队在海外通过贸易交换得来的物品。为此，称为“宝船”，意为“运宝之船”。ZhengHe’sTreasureShipsThreeMainArgumentsabouttheCausesofMingTreasureVoyages01添加标题添加标题SearchingforEmperorJianwenParadestovauntpowerofthecountryMilitarypurpose0203EastChinaSeaRouteSouthChinaSeaRoute3.SilkRoadontheSea东海航线，也叫“东方海上丝路”。春秋战国时期，齐国在胶东半岛开辟了“循海岸水行”直通辽东半岛、朝鲜半岛、日本列岛直至东南亚的黄金通道。唐代，山东半岛和江浙沿海的中韩日海上贸易逐渐兴起。宋代，宁波成为中韩日海上贸易的主要港口。南海航线，又称南海丝绸之路，起点主要是广州和泉州。先秦时期，岭南先民在南海乃至南太平洋沿岸及其岛屿开辟了以陶瓷为纽带的交易圈。唐代的“广州通海夷道”，是中国海上丝绸之路的最早叫法，是当时世界上最长的远洋航线。明朝时郑和下西洋更标志着海上丝路发展到了极盛时期。WesternOceanExplorationTheexplorerChristopherColumbusmadefourtripsacrosstheAtlanticOceanfromSpain:in1492,1493,1498and1502.Firstvoyage:totheislandofCuba.Secondvoyage:toexplorethe"Indiancontinent".Thirdvoyage:southAmericawasfirstdiscoveredbyEuropeans.Fourthvoyage:shipdamaged1.ChristopherColumbusandtheAgeofDiscoveryTheAgeofDiscoveryFirstly,theAgeofDiscoveryplayedanimportantroleinpromotingtheRenaissanceandprovidedawealthofresources,enhancingtheeconomicstrengthofEuropeanaristocrats,whobegantousethiswealthtosupportthecreationofartists.Secondly,theAgeofDiscoveryallowedEuropeanstocomeintocontactwiththeNewWorldandnewcultures,whichprofoundlyinfluencedEuropeanculturaltraditions.Thirdly,theAgeofDiscoveryenabledEuropeanstointeractwithothercultures,promotingthespreadofknowledgeandtechnology.2.SlaveTrade跨大西洋奴隶贸易，是指16世纪至19世纪时期，在环大西洋地区将非洲大陆人民作为廉价劳动力提供给美洲大陆殖民地地区的一种贸易。奴隶的来源主要是非洲西部和中部，黑人被欧洲人通过贸易或袭击、绑架等手段抓获贩往美洲大陆。奴隶贸易者包括（根据规模排序）：葡萄牙人、英国人、法国人、西班牙人、荷兰人和美国人。在长达约400年的带有强烈殖民主义色彩的黑奴贸易中，目前估计约有1200万人从非洲运到美洲的奴隶，部分学者得到的数据相对更高，尤其是从非洲得到的。将航运死亡的一千万人计算入内后，非洲人口损失数据可以达到三千万。3.CriminalTradeCriminaltradereferstothetransportationofcriminalfromBritaintoitsoverseascolonies.In1655,theBritishbegandeportingprisonerstoNorthAmerica,andaround1760,theriftbetweentheBritishandtheNorthAmericancoloniesbegantoemerge,forcingtheBritishtoreducetheirdeportations.TheoutbreakoftheNorthAmericanWarofIndependenceledtoasignificantincreaseinthenumberofprisonersonBritishsoil.Itdidn'ttakelongforBritaintodiscoverAustraliain1770.AftertheindependenceoftheUnitedStates,AustraliabecamethenewexileofBritishconvicts.OceanExploration(5000

BCE-1

BCE)Oceanexplorationbegins,producingthefirstdivingandsailingvessels.(1CE-1600)Explorersdiscoveringnewlandsandtravelingaroundtheworld.(1601–1800)Deepdivingbecomespossible.Expeditionscontinuetosailtheworld’soceansandthefirstsubmarineisinvented.(1801–1900)Technologicaladvancesenablethedevelopmentofmoreadvanceddivingequipment.Expeditionsbegintodiscovertheexistenceofdeepsealife.(1901-1950)The1900sseethefirstmapsoftheoceanfloorandthefirstdeepoceandives.(1951-1970)Thedeepestoceandivetakesplacein1960,oceanlaboratoriesevolve,andNOAAisestablishedin1970tohelpwithoceanresearch.(1971-Present)After1970,manyexcitingnewdiscoveriesincludethediscoveryofdeepseahydrothermalvents,thediscoveryofthewreckoftheTitanic,andthefirstvideoofalivegiantsquidintheocean.SeaExplorationTraditionSection3SeaExplorationTradition12ChineseSeaExplorationTraditionWesternSeaExplorationTraditionChineseSeaExplorationTraditionABCEmbracingPeace:ZhengHe--anenvoyofpeaceHarmonybetweenManandOcean

Inspiredbynature"泛爱众"、"而亲仁"自古以来，中国人民在开发和利用海洋的过程中，逐步形成了与海洋和谐相处、保护环境、追求生态平衡的哲学思想、知识、传统习俗和实践经验。中国古人认为，海洋是有灵性的存在，其力量远远超过人类。因此他们形成了对海洋的自然崇拜。庄子主张“泛爱众”的博爱精神。《吕氏春秋》劝戒过度捕捞。道家戒律提倡爱护生命的美德。佛教戒律劝人放生和不杀生。中国人受天人合一思想的熏陶，在利用海洋资源时非常重视自然法则。中国文化的基础是崇尚自然、热爱自然，人与自然是和平共处的独特生命。在濒危海洋动物保护方面，中国积极遵循自然法则，科学立法，建立海洋自然保护区。此外，中国还开展相关科学研究，监测海洋环境，及时更新保护动物名录，推广替代品和养殖品的使用，积极参与世界海洋生物多样性保护工作。ChineseSeaExplorationTraditionWesternSeaExplorationTraditionABCRomanEmpireAlexandertheGreat--aconquerofnoend

BritishEmpire

亚历山大即位后，开始了他的征服之路。他率领马其顿军队征服了希腊城邦。公元前334年：亚历山大开始对波斯帝国的征服，率领军队渡过黑海，在小亚细亚地区击败波斯的萨特拉帕军队。公元前333年：亚历山大在伊苏索斯战役中击败波斯军队，占领了波斯帝国的首都佩尔西斯。公元前332年：亚历山大占领了埃及，并建立了亚历山大港，成为了希腊文化在东方的中心。公元前331年：亚历山大在迦密拉战役中击败了波斯大帝达里奥三世的军队，夺得了决定性的胜利。公元前327年：亚历山大率领军队征服了巴克特里亚，成为了他征服的最远地区之一。公元前326年：亚历山大率领军队进入印度，与印度国王波罗奢陀战斗。公元前323年：亚历山大在巴比伦去世，他的帝国被分割成了多个部分。AlexandertheGreat--aconquerofnoend

RomanEmpire共和国时期（公元前509年-公元前27年）罗马共和国时期是罗马历史上最初的阶段，始于公元前509年罗马城被贵族政治家们推翻了君主制，并宣布成为共和国。帝国建立时期（公元前27年-公元117年）公元前27年，奥古斯都将帝国建立，结束了共和国时期的政治动荡。帝国辉煌时期（公元117年-公元180年）公元117年，特拉托将帝国边界扩展到了最大，成为历史上最庞大的帝国之一。这一时期是罗马帝国最为辉煌的时期，政治、经济和文化都达到了一个新的高峰。帝国衰退时期（公元180年-公元476年）公元180年后，罗马帝国逐渐开始走向衰退。公元395年，罗马帝国分裂成东罗马帝国和西罗马帝国。公元476年，西罗马帝国被日耳曼民族的奥多亚塞所灭，罗马帝国的统治时代结束了。16世纪，英格兰殖民帝国开始萌芽，英国透过建立海上强权的方式建立自己的体系。英国正式在海权方面崛起。17世纪和18世纪，英国都在和他国的斗争中不断累积自己的实力，急速变强。19世纪是英国的世纪，真正意义上的大英帝国完成，整个时代被称为“英国的时代”，并且由英国开始改变整个人类生活模式的“工业革命”。20世纪，大英帝国的全球领导地位下滑，而海军和殖民方面则依然保持世界第一梯队的优势。第二次世界大战结束之后，英国自身开始解放殖民地、帮助殖民地民主化。随着英国国力日衰以及全球掀起去殖民化浪潮，大英帝国自1947年印度独立后逐渐瓦解。BritishEmpireGeography:

moreruggedandrocky,withfewerbaysandestuaries.Culture:drivenbythedesirefornewtraderoutesandmarkets,henceleadtoconquerandinvsasionbrutally.History:Westerncolonizationandwealthplunderingwerebasedonthefoundationofmaritimeexploration,conquestofforeignculturesthroughmaritimeexploration.WesternoceantraditionChineseoceantraditionGeography:numerousbays,inlets,andriverdeltas,providingamorediverserangeofhabitatsandmarineresources.Culture:drivenbytheneedforfoodandresources,sincefocusonhamoniouscoexistence.History:China’sexplorationwaspeaceful,viewingtheoceanasasourceoflivelihood,asymbolofstrengthandtoughness,ratherthananobjectofwealthplunderingandacquisition.VS1.WhatisthemajordifferencebetweenChineseandwesternshipbuilding?2.WhatisthebasicmeaningoftheSilkRoadandwhyitissoimportant?3.WhatphilosophicalperspectivesarereflectedinChineseandweternseaexplorationtradition?TimetothinkThankyou！ChineseandWesternMarineArts3ChapterOceanPaintingsOceanMusicOceanLiterature123CONTENTS★ChineseOceanLiterature★ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternoceanliteratureandtheirculturalessence★WesternOceanLiteraturePART01OceanLiterature1TheClassicofMountainsandSeasBizarreanimalsinthesouthernmountainsearlygeographyofChinacompiledduringthelateWarringStatesandHanperiodsTheMoonovertheRiveronaSpringNight“春江潮水连海平，海上明月共潮生。”writtenbyZhangRuoxu“Inspringtheriverrisesashighasthesea;Andwiththeriver’stideuprisesthemoonbright.”（许渊冲译）ByImperialCommand,ZhengSanbaoSetsSailfortheWesternOceansMingDynastyDramabyZhaoQimeibothacourtoperaandanorthernzajuRobinsonCrusoeFictionbyDanielDefoeonApril25,1719TheRimeoftheAncientMarinerPoembySamuelTaylorColeridgein1798“TheSunnowroseupontheright:Outoftheseacamehe,Stillhidinmist,andontheleftWentdownintothesea.”TheTempestPlaywrittenbyWilliamShakespearebetween1610and1611ChinesemaritimenovelsthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternmarinenovelsmagnificentimaginationofdistantoverseasconciseandcondensedinthenarrativeunwaveringChinesephilosophyofpeaceWesternmaritimenovelsamassandplunderwealthconquest:discriminationandviolenceaveryclearrationalthinkingmodeChineseoceanpoetrythedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternoceanpoetrycreativewayofexpressingemotionsandmoodblankspaceselegance,subtlety,condensedmeaning,andprofoundimplicationWesternoceanpoetrylogicalprecisionandnarrativearrangementtheoceanmeanswildnessandterrormorepreciseinadirectandenthusiasticway,oronrationalthinkingChinesetheaterthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterntheaterfocusesmoreonconveyingmeaningmoretypes:eachregionhavingitsownuniqueformWesterntheatermorerealisticmaintypes:spokendrama,operasthatonlyhavesinging,andballetsthatonlyhavedancingChineseculturalessencetheculturalessenceofthedifferencebetweenWesternandChinesemaritimetheatertheChinesepeople'sdesireforahappyendingasinheritorsofagriculturalculturemorality,ethics,andthehierarchybetweenrulerandsubjectWesternculturalessenceoutwardexplorationandaggressionareemphasizedinmaritimeculture，presentingmoretragedyemphasizesindividualbehaviormore★ChineseOceanPainting★ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternoceanpaintingsandtheirculturalbackground★WesternOceanPaintingPART02OceanPaintings2TwelveWatersbyMaYuan(SongDynasty).DanshanYinghaiMapbyWangMeng(YuanDynasty).HaiwuZhanchouTubyYuanJiang(QingDynasty).J.M.W.TurnerEnglishRomanticartist“thepainteroflight”.TheFightingTemeraireImpression·SunrisebyClaudeMonet.JohnEverettalifetimepaintingofthesea.thedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternoceanpaintingsChineseoceanpaintingsWesternoceanpaintingsSimilarityexpresscommonemotionalsentimentsandidealpursuitsDifferenceharmonybetweenheavenandhumanitytragediesandjoysofsecularlifewiththebeautyofnaturetheuseofblankspacesimplefigureandsceneryprofoundphilosophicalideasobjectsoccupyacentralpositionmeticulousbrushtechnique,usingink,paper,andinkstoneastools(mainlyinblackandwhite)morediversepaintingtools,,likeapen,paper,cloth,knife,brush,etc.andgouache,watercolor,oilcloth,etc.(presentthecolor,lightandshadowoftherealworld)ChineseculturalbackgroundculturalbackgroundofdifferentseapaintingsanagriculturalsocietythatvalueslocalfarminginfluenceofConfucianism,Taoism,andBuddhismanaturalisticperspectiveWesternculturalbackgroundthebinarydichotomyandregardnatureasanobjectofexplorationandconquestempiricism,individualism,andscientificspirit★ChineseOceanMusic★ThebasicfeaturesofChineseandWesternoceanmusicandtheirculturalsources★WesternOceanMusicPART03OceanMusic3ADrunkenFishermanSingsattheSunsetbyPiRixiuandLuGuimeng(TangDynastypoets)Theycreatedanewstyleofmatchingrhymepoetry..ChatBetweenaFishermanandaWoodcutter(Yu-QiaoWenda)qinmelodythedialoguebetweenthefishermanandwoodcuttergetsrighttotheessence.RhythmoftheWavebyZhaoYuanrenanoratorio-likeworkarepresentativeworkofearlyChinesechoralmusic.ClaudeDebussyafamousFrenchcomposer.Majorworks:MoonlightPreludetotheAfternoonofaFaunTheSeaCalmSeaandProsperousVoyageTwopoemsbyGoethe.Theywerethesourceforthree19th-centurysettings:Beethoven’sOpus112(1814-1815)Schubert’ssong“CalmSea”(1815)Mendelssohn’sOvertureOpus27(1828,revisedin1834)RichardWagner’sTheFlyingDutchman.ChineseseamusicthebasicfeaturesofChineseandWesternseamusicpursueavirtual,quietandetherealmood,andpayingmoreattentiontopersonalinnerfeelingsWesternseamusicpaysmoreattentiontotheunityofreasonandemotion,pursuingstrengthandintensity,andseekingtheunityofmysteryandactiontheculturalsourcesofthedifferencesinseamusicChineseseamusicWesternseamusicoriginsfrompeople’sproductiveactivitiesfromancientGreecemusicalinstrumentsrelativelysimplestructureandrelativelysinglesoundproductionprinciplecomplexandrefinedconstruction,arichandwiderangeofsoundswithstrongexpressivepower.aestheticappealsintrospectiveoutwardconquestofhistoryThankyou!3ChapterChapterIV:ChineseandWesternOceanEconomy123TraditionalOceanIndustryEmergingOceanIndustryMarineAquaticResources延时符Sections:TraditionalOceanIndustryLearningObjectivesLearningContentsStoryLinksLead-inQuestions1Toknowthebasicconceptofoceantraditionaleconomy.TounderstandthespecificcharacteristicsofChineseandWesternsalthistory.ToexplorethedifferentdevelopmenthistoriesofChineseandWesternoceantraditionaleconomy.LearningObjectives延时符Lead-inQuestions延时符Whatisthedifferencebetweenlandeconomyandoceaneconomy?Whataretheopportunitiesinoceaneconomy?Howimportantistheoceantoournationaleconomy?Whatarethelargestoceanindustries?LearningContents延时符WesternSeaSaltIndustryChineseSeaSaltIndustryThe

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worshipSaltandcolonizationSaltandwarv.sChineseSeaSaltIndustry:延时符Thehistoryofseasalt:1(1)Theoriginofsalt:盐宗夙沙氏煮海成盐ChineseSeaSaltIndustry:延时符(2)ThreemajortechnologicalreformsofthemanufacturingtechnologyofseasaltinChina:PlaceTimeMethodFirstGuangdong&JianghuaiTangDynastyBoilthebrineintosaltSecondFujian&GuangdongSong&YuandynastiesSunbrinetoproducesaltThirdHebei&TianjinThereignofKublaiKhanDirectlyuseseawaterbrinetomakesaltChineseSeaSaltIndustry:延时符Saltandeconomy:2“臣”，itmeansthatsaltmakingisrelatedto“servingtheemperor”.Theappearanceofapersonmakingthebrine.Thecontainerforcookingsalt.Thischaractershowsthatsaltwasoncecontrolledbytheimperialgovernment.ChineseSeaSaltIndustry:延时符Theimportanceofsaltbeingnationalizedbythegovernment:animportanteconomicsource&ameansofgoverningthecountries.清代官盐发票ChineseSeaSaltIndustry:延时符古书《盐铁论》江苏盐税博物馆Chinese