中科院考博英语00-03真题附详解

真题37—中国科学院2000PratⅡStructure&Vocabulary(25minutes,15points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)Directions:Choosethewordorwordsbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletethestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.16.MuchIhavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherforthoroughness,whateverthejob.A.whenB.moreC.fartherD.as17.Tosupportthegeneralstatementinthefirstsentence,eachsentenceintheparagraphprovidesadifferentexample.A.relevantB.subsequentC.coherentD.antecedent18.Ahefty50%ofthosefromages18to34toldthepollstersintheTIME/CNNsurveythatthey“feminist”values.A.shareB.regardC.attachD.dominate19.Iwasnotaloneinmyknowledge;thewomanhadalsoseenmyfather'seyesgleamingwithpride.A.contractedB.contestedC.contentedD.contrasted20.thewriter'scraftthroughaconsiderationofrhetoricalpatternsisausefulwaytostudywriting.A.ExploringB.ExploitingC.EmployingD.Embodying21.ThefirsttwoassumptionsmadeabouttheofTVweredeadwrong:thatitwouldburyradioanditwouldbeathreattomovies.A.recessionB.adventC.diversityD.bias22.Aneducationshouldenableastudenttogetabetterjobthanhewouldbeabletofindorfill.A.consequentlyB.neverthelessC.otherwiseD.anyhow23.Inadditiontobeingphysicallysick,mydadwasinthemidstofanervousthoughnoneofusknewtocallitthatatthetime.A.breakupB.breakdownC.breakthroughD.breakout24.Althoughtheyareverysuccinct-thatiswhytheycaughton-clichesarewastedwordsbecausetheyareexpressionsratherthanfreshones.A.staleB.stainlessC.stableD.spotted25.ThoughAmericansdonotcurrentlyabortionsdirectly,costsarecarriedbyotherAmericansthroughhigherinsurancepremiums.A.implementB.terminateC.prohibitD.subsidize26.Thereareprobablyveryfewcasesinwhichdifferentraceshavelivedincompleteinasinglecountryforlongperiods.A.successB.revengeC.harmonyD.conscience27.Inthelastcenturyandahalf,scientificdevelopmenthasbeenbreathtaking,buttheunderstandingofthisprogresshasnotchanged.A.incidentallyB.dramaticallyC.rigorouslyD.temporarily28.Itisalwaysusefultohavesavingsto.A.comebutinB.byeuptoC.makeafussofD.fallbackon29.Weseekasocietythathasarespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.A.atitsendB.atitshandC.atitscoreD.atitsbest30.Modernmaniscarelesswhendisposinghisgarbage.A.ofB.toC.atD.about31.Negroslavery,manyclaimed,wasgoodforall.A.concernedB.isconcernedC.toconcernD.thatconcerns32.Tocryoverspilledmilkistocry.A.inavainB.inthevainC.invainD.innovain33.“Doyouwanttoseemydriver'slicenseormypassport?“Oh,”A.eitherdoeswellB.eitheronewilldoC.eachoneisgoodD.eachwillbefine34.Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyitslife,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.A.significanceinB.imaginationatC.resemblancetoD.predominanceover35.A50-ft.wavetravelsatspeeds20m.p.h.,andanyonewho'stooslowattheapproachrisksbeingsmashed.A.inexcessofB.inthereachofC.inexchangeforD.inrelationtoSectionB(0.5pointeach)Directions:IneachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourpartsunderlinedandmarkedA,B,CandD.IndicatewhichofthefourpartsisincorrectlyusedbydrawingasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.36.ApplicantswillbeconsideredprovidedthattheirfilesarecompleteduetoABCDthedeadline.37.ElizabethB.Browning,whohasrememberedforherlovepoems,publishedherABCfirstworkattheageoftwelve.D38.OnlyiftenmorestudentsregisterthisafternoonwillanotherpronunciationABCsectionbeopening.D39.Thatintelligencetestsactuallygiveameasurementoftheintelligenceofindividualsarequestionedbysomeeminentpsychologists.40.Tracklightingisoneofthemostpopulartypes,ifnotthemostpopulartype,ABoflightingonmarkettoday.CD41.Infact,thereisperhapsonlyonehumanbeinginathousandwhoareABpassionatelyinterestedinhisjobforthejob'ssake.CD42.WatchingfilmsofwhathateturnedthosepeopleintomademechoosetorejectABit,todealwithpeopleindividualandnottospotallwhiteswiththesameobsceneCDimages.43.Afteragruelingreviewsession,someconfusingstudentsaskedtheteachingABCassistantforstillmorehelp.D44.Flourishinthethirteenthcentury,travelingmusicians,calledminstrels,ABCplayedanimportantpartintheculturallifeofthetime.D45.TherewashardlysomebodyintheroomwhopaidanyattentiontohimeventhoughABCeveryoneknewwhohewas.DPartⅢClozeTest(15minutes,15points)Directions:Thereare15questionsinthispartofthetest.Readthepassagethrough.Then,gobackandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA,B,CorDforeachblankinthepassage.MarkthecorrespondingletterofthewordorphraseyouhavechosenwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Fasterthaneverbefore,thehumanworldisbecominganurbanworld.Bythemillionstheycome,theambitiousandthedown-troddenoftheworlddrawnbythestrangemagnetismofurban46.Forcenturiestheprogressofcivilizationhasbeen47bytherigidgrowthofcities.Nowtheworldis48topassamilestone:morepeoplewillliveinurbanareasthaninthecountryside.Explosivepopulationgrowth49atorrentofmigrationfromthecountrysidearecreatingcitiesthatdwarfthegreatcapitalsofthepast.Bythe50ofthecentury,therewillbefifty-one“megacities”withpopulationsoftenmillionormore.Ofthese,eighteenwillbein51countries,includingsomeofthepoorestnationsintheworld.MexicoCityalready52twentymillionpeopleandCalcuttatwelvemillion.AccordingtotheWorldBank,53ofAfrica'scitiesaregrowingby10%ayear,theswiftest54Isthetrendgoodorbad?Canthecitiescope?Nooneknows55.Withoutquestion,urbanizationhasproduced56soghastlythattheyaredifficulttocomprehend.InCairo,childrenwho57mightbeinkindergartencanbefounddiggingthroughclotsofoxwaste,lookingfor58kernelsofcorntoeat.Young,homelessthievesinPapuaNewGuinea'sPortMoresbymaynot59theirlastnamesorthenamesofthevillageswheretheywereborn.IntheinnercitiesofAmerica,newspapersregularlyreportonnewbornbabies60intogarbagebinsbydrug-addictedmothers.46.A.wayB.lifeC.areaD.people47.A.definedB.estimatedC.createdD.expected48.A.aboutB.upC.likeD.already49.A.ofB.likeC.andD.or50.A.changeB.wakeC.beginningD.turn51.A.developingB.developedC.developD.development52.A.makesB.hasC.comesD.lives53.A.noneB.fewC.anyD.some54.A.eventB.workC.levelD.rate55.A.forgoodB.withclarityC.forsureD.indoubt56.A.miraclesB.miseriesC.mysteriesD.misunderstandings57.A.elsewhereB.anywhereC.somewhereD.nowhere58.A.unrefinedB.undigestedC.unpolishedD.unspoiled59.A.askB.findC.haveD.know60.A.droppedB.todropC.droppingD.dropsPartⅣReadingComprehension(30points,60minutes)Directions:Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Passage1GordonShawthephysicist,66,andcolleagueshavediscoveredwhat'sknownasthe“Mozarteffect”,theabilityofaMozartsonata,undertherightcircumstances,toimprovethelistener'smathematicalandreasoningabilities.Butthefindingsarecontroversialandhavelaunchedallkindsofcranknotionsaboutusingmusictomakekidssmarter.Thehype,hewarns,hasgottenoutofhand.Butfirst,theessence:Istheresomethingaboutthebraincellsworktoexplaintheeffect?In1978theneuroscientistVernonMountcastledevisedamodeloftheneuralstructureofthebrain'sgraymatter.Lookinglikeathickbandofcolorfulbeadwork,itrepresentsthefiringpatternsofgroupsofneurons.BuildingonMountcastle,Shawandhisteamconstructedamodeloftheirown.Onalark,XiaodanLeng,whowasShaw'scolleagueatthetime,usedasynthesizertotranslatethesepatternsintomusic.Whatcameoutofthespeakerswasn'texactlytoe-tapping,butitwasmusic.ShawandLenginferredthatmusicandbrain-waveactivityarebuiltonthesamesortofpatterns.“Gordonisacontrarianinhisthinking,”sayshislongtimefriend,NobelPrize-winningStanfordphysicistMartinPeri.“That'simportant.Innewareasofscience,suchasbrainresearch,nobodyknowshowtodoit.”WhatdoneuroscientistsandpsychologiststhinkofShaw'sfindings?Theyhaven'tcondemnedit,butneitherhavetheyconfirmedit.Maybeyouhavetotakethemwithagrainofsalt,buttheexperimentsbyShawandhiscolleaguesareintriguing.InMarchateamledbyShawannouncedthatyoungchildrenwhohadlistenedtotheMozartsonataandstudiedthepianooveraperiodofmonthsimprovedtheirscoresby27%onatestofratiosandproportions.Thecontrolgroupagainstwhichtheyweremeasuredreceivedcompatibleenrichmentcourses-minusthemusic.TheMozart-trainedkidsarenowdoingmaththreegradelevelsaheadoftheirpeers,Shawclaims.Proofofallthis,ofcourse,isnecessarilyelusivebecauseitcanbedifficulttodoadouble-blindexperimentofeducationaltechniques.Inadouble-blindtrialofanarthritisdrug,neitherthestudysubjectsnortheexpertsevaluatingthemknowwhichonesgotthetesttreatmentandwhichadummypill.Howdoyoukeeptheparticipantsfromknowingit'sMozartontheCD?61.InthefirstparagraphGordonShaw'sconcernisshownover.A.theopenhostilitybythemediatowardshisfindingsB.hisstrengthtokeeptryingoutthe“Mozarteffect”C.awidespreadmisunderstandingofhisfindingsD.thesharpdisagreementabouthisdiscovery62.ShawandLeng'sexperimentonthemodeloftheirownseemstobebasedonthehypothesisthat.A.listeningtoMozartcouldchangethebrain'shardwareB.brain-wavescouldbeinvariablytranslatedintomusicC.listeningtomusiccouldstimulatebraindevelopmentD.toe-tappingcouldbeveryclosetosomethingmusical63.TheremarksmadebyMartinPerkinParagraph3aboutGordonShawcouldbetakenas.A.acomplimentB.anoutspokencriticismC.anexpressionofjealousyD.somethingalittlesarcastic64.Inthesentence“Maybeyouhavetotakethem...”(Para.4)theword“them”bestrefersto.A.neuroscientistsandpsychologistsB.ShawandhiscolleaguesC.theexperimentsbyShawandhisteamD.Shaw'sfindings65.ThemostimportantconditionfortheMozart-trainedkidstooutsmartthecontrolgroupis.A.beingparticularlytrainedtotacklemathproblemsB.listeningtoaspecificMozartandplayingthepianoC.havingextracoursesdesignedexclusivelyforthemD.studyingthepianoforitsbreathtakingcomplexity66.Accordingtotheauthor,proofofwhatShawclaimsisdifficultbecause.A.thecontrolgroupwillalsoenjoythesamekindofMozartB.someeducationaltechniquesneedre-evaluationC.thedouble-blindexperimentisnotreliableandthusrejectedbyShawD.participantscannotbekeptfromknowingwhatisusedinthetestPassage2Sometimesopponentsofcapitalpunishmenthorrifywithtalesoflingeringdeathonthegallows,offaultyelectricchairs,orofagonyinthegaschamber.Partlyinresponsetosuchprotests,severalstatessuchasNorthCarolinaandTexasswitchedtoexecutionbylethalinjection.Thecondemnedpersonisputtodeathpainlessly,withoutropes,voltage,bullets,orgas.Didthisanswertheobjectionsofdeathpenaltyopponents?Ofcoursenot.OnJune22,1984,TheNewYorkTimespublishedaneditorialthatsarcasticallyattackedthenew“hygienic”methodofdeathbyinjection,andstatedthat“executioncanneverbemadehumanethroughscience.”Soit'snotthemethodthatreallytroublesopponents.It'sthedeathitselftheyconsiderbarbaric.Admittedly,capitalpunishmentisnotapleasanttopic.However,onedoesnothavetolikethedeathpenaltyinordertosupportitanymorethanonemustlikeradicalsurgery,radiation,orchemotherapyinordertofindnecessarytheseattemptsatcuringcancer.Ultimatelywemaylearnhowtocurecancerwithasimplepill.Unfortunately,thatdayhasnotyetarrived.Todaywearefacedwiththechoiceoflettingthecancerspreadortryingtocureitwiththemethodsavailable,methodsthatonedaywillalmostcertainlybeconsideredbarbaric.Buttogiveupanddonothingwouldbefarmorebarbaricandwouldcertainlydelaythediscoveryofaneventualcure.Wemaynotlikethedeathpenalty,butitmustbeavailabletopunishcrimesofcold-bloodedmurder,casesinwhichanyotherformofpunishmentwouldbeinadequateand,therefore,unjust.Ifwecreateasocietyinwhichinjusticeisnottolerated,incidentsofmurder-themostflagrantformofinjustice-willdiminish.67.HowdidTexasrespondtotheprotestsmentionedinParagraph1?A.Noonewaseverexecutedtherelateron.B.Thecriminaltherewasputtodeathinthegaschamberinstead.C.Lifeofthecondemnedpersontherewasterminatedwithashotofdrug.D.Themurderertherewaspunishedwithlifeimprisonmentinstead.68.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1？A.Theobjectionsofdeathpenaltyhavebecomelesssevere.B.Thedeathitselfisconsideredinhumaneandunacceptable.C.Deathpenaltyopponentsonlycareabouthowoneisputtodeath.D.The“hygienic”wayofexecutionisevenmorebarbaric.69.Itcanbesafelyinferredthattheauthor.A.supportscapitalpunishmentB.istryingtolearnhowtocurecancerC.fearsthatsomeonemightbepunishedbymistakeD.likesradicalsurgery,radiationandchemotherapy70.Theauthor'sanalogybetweencancerandmurderismadeinordertoshow.A.thelackofperfectsolutiontothepresentproblemsB.thenewdiscoveryofmodernscienceC.thenecessityofdoingnothingtillanultimatecureisavailableD.theavailabilityofadequatepunishment71.Whichofthefollowingstandsfortheauthor'sattitude?A.Lettingtheinjusticespreadifwedon'twanttobebarbarous.B.Minimizingincidentsofmurderbymeansofdeathpenalty.C.Beingtolerantofpeople'schoiceofnothavinganymedicaltreatment.D.Lookingforabetterformofpunishmentthandeathpenalty.72.Whattypeofwritingismostlyadoptedinthispassage?A.Narration.B.Classification.C.Exemplification.D.Persuasion.Passage3Shynessisanearlyuniversalhumantrait.Almosteveryonehasboutsofit,andhalfofthosesurveyeddescribethemselvesasshy.Perhapsbecauseit'ssowidespread,andbecauseitsuggestsvulnerability,shynessisoftenanendearingtrait:PrincessDiana,forexample,wonmillionsofadmirerswithher“ShyDi”manner.Thehumanspeciesmightnotevenexistifnotforaninstinctivewarinessofothercreatures.Infact,theabilitytosenseathreatandadesiretofleearelodgedinthemostprimitiveregionsofthebrain.Butatsomelifejuncture,roughly1outofevery8peoplebecomessotimidthatencounterswithothersturnintoasourceofoverwhelmingdread.Theheartraces,palmssweat,mouthgrowsdry,wordsvanish;thoughtsbecomecluttered,andanurgetoescapetakesover.Thisisthefaceofsocialphobia(alsoknownas“socialanxietydisorder”),thethirdmostcommonmentaldisorderintheUnitedStates,behinddepressionandalcoholism.Somesocialphobicscanhardlyutterasentencewithoutobsessionovertheimpressiontheyaremaking.Othersrefusetousepublicrestroomsortalkonthetelephone.Sometimestheygomuteinfrontofthebossoramemberoftheoppositesex.Attheextreme,theybuiltahermiticlife,avoidingcontactwithothers.Thoughsocialanxiety'ssymptomshavebeennotedsincethetimeofHippocrates,thedisorderwasanamelessafflictionuntilthelate1960sanddidn'tmakeitswayintopsychiatrymanualsuntil1980.Asitbecamebetterknown,patientspreviouslythoughttosufferpanicdisorderwererecognizedasbeinganxiousonlyinsocialsettings.Adecadeago,40percentofpeoplesaidtheywereshy,butintoday's“nationofstrangers”-inwhichcomputersandATMsmakeface-to-facerelationslessandlesscommon-thatnumberisnearing50percent.SomepsychologistsareconvincedthattheInternetculture,oftenfavoredbythosewhofearhumaninteraction,greasestheslopefromshynesstosocialanxiety.Ifpeoplewereslightlyshytobeginwith,theycannowinteractlessandless,andthatwillmaketheshynessmuchworse.73.AccordingtoParagraph1,shynessis.A.againsthumannatureB.completelyanendearingtraitC.sowidespreadthataproblemmayariseD.essentialtothesurvivalofthehumanspecies74.Theauthorsuggeststhatourabilitytosenseathreatanddesiretoflee.A.areconnectedwithtypesofshynessB.makeusmoretimidandlesssuccessfulC.distinguishhumansfromothercreaturesD.aretheresultsoftheinfluenceofourenvironment75.WhichisNOTmentionedasasignofsocialanxietydisorder?A.Beingspeechlessinfrontofone'ssupervisor.B.Unwillingnesstogotothepublictoilets.C.Gettingdrunkinsocialsettings.D.Theheartpumpingfast.76.Theterm“socialanxietydisorder”wascoined.A.atthetimeofancientmeditationB.inthe1960sC.in1980D.adecadeago77.ItisshownthatthemostcommonmentaldisorderintheU.S.is.A.depressionB.alcoholismC.socialphobiaD.panicdisorder78.WhatisthecitedattitudeofsomepsychologiststowardstheInternetculture?A.Itisthemaincauseofsocialphobia.B.Itisdestructiveandthusshouldbekeptawayfromtheyouth.C.Itencouragespeoplewhoareratherinhibitedtocommunicatemorefreely.D.Ithelpsacceleratethedegradationfromshynesstosocialphobia.Passage4BenjaminDaywasonly22yearsoldwhenhedevelopedtheideaofanewspaperforthemassesandlaunchedhisNewYorkSunin1833,whichwouldprofoundlyalterjournalismbyhisnewapproach.Yet,severalconditionshadtoexistbeforeamasspresscouldcomeintoexistence.Itwasimpossibletolaunchamass-appealnewspaperwithoutinventionofaprintingpressabletoproduceextremelycheapnewspaperaffordablealmosttoeveryone.Thesecondelementthatledtothegrowthofthemassnewspaperwastheincreasedlevelofliteracyinthepopulation.Thethenincreasedemphasisoneducationledtoaconcurrentgrowthofliteracyasmanypeopleinthemiddleandlowereconomicgroupsacquiredreadingskills.Thetrendtoward“democratization”ofbusinessandpolitiesfosteredthecreationofamassaudienceresponsivetoamasspress.Havingseenothersfailintheirattemptstomarketamass-appealnewspaper,heforgedaheadwithhisNewYorkSun,whichwouldbeadailyandsellforapenny,ascomparedtotheotherdailiesthatwentforsixcentsacopy.Localhappenings,sex,violence,features,andhuman-intereststorieswouldconstitutehiscontent.Conspicuouslyabsentwerethedullpoliticaldebatesthatstillcharacterizedmanyofthesix-centpapers.WithinsixmonthstheSunachievedacirculationofapproximately8,000issues,faraheadofitsnearestcompetitor.Day'sgainblehadpaidoff,andthepennypresswaslaunched.JamesGordonBennett,perhapsthemostsignificantandcertainlythemostcolorfuloftheindividualsimitatingDay'spaper,launchedhisNewYorkHeraldin1835,evenmoreofarapidsuccessthantheSun.PartofBennett'ssuccesscanbeattributedtohisskillfulreportingofcrimenews,theinstitutionofafinancialpage,sportsreporting,andanaggressiveeditorialpolicy.Helookeduponhimselfareformer,andwroteinoneofhiseditorials:“Igoforageneralreformationofmorals...Imeantobeginanewmovementintheprogressofcivilization.”HoraceGreeleywasanotherimportantpioneeroftheera.HelaunchedhisNewYorkTribunein1841andwouldrankthirdbehindtheSunandHeraldindailycirculation,buthisweeklyeditionwascirculatednationallyandprovedtobeagreatsuccess.Greeley'sTribunewasnotassensationalasitscompetitors.Heusedhiseditorialpageforcrusadesandcauses.Heopposedcapitalpunishment,alcohol,gamblingandtobacco.Greeleyalsofavoredwomen'srights.Greeleynevertalkeddowntothemassaudienceandattractedhisreadersbyappealingtotheirintellectmorethantotheiremotions.Thelastofthemajornewspapersofthepenny-presserabeganin1851.TheNewYorkTimes,editedbyHenryRaymond,promisedtobelesssensationalthantheSunortheHeraldandlessimpassionedthanGreeley.Thepapersoonestablishedareputationforobjectiveandreasonedjournalism.Raymondstressedthegatheringofforeignnewsandservedasforeigncorrespondenthimselfin1859.TheTimescirculationreachedmorethan40,000beforetheCivilwar.79.WhichisNOTmentionedascontributingtothelaunchofthemasspress?A.Theupgradededucationallevelofthemasses.B.Theincreasedwealthofthepopulationasawhole.C.Thedemocraticbackgroundanddriveofthegeneralpublic.D.Theloweredcostofnewspaperproduction.80.TheNewYorkSunrarelyfeatured.A.businessnewsB.women'spagesC.lengthydiscussionaboutpoliticsD.localshipmentinformation81.Whichofthefollowingpapersissuedanationallycirculatededition?A.TheNewYorkTribune.B.TheNewYorkSun.C.TheNewYorkHerald.D.TheNewYorkTimes.82.Whichofthefollowingpapersisviewedasthemostdispassionateone?A.TheNewYorkTribune.B.TheNewYorkSun.C.TheNewYorkHerald.D.TheNewYorkTimes.83.Thepenny-pressapproachwaspioneeredby.A.HenryRaymondB.JamesGordonBennettC.BenjaminDayD.JosephPulitzer84.Itcanbeinferredthat.A.theNewYorkTimeshadthelargestdailycirculationatthattimeB.thepapersbeforethepenny-presseraonlyappealedtoasmallcircleofreadersC.thesuccessofthefourpapersliesintheirendeavortoimprovepeople'sliteracyD.thepaper'sbeingsensationalwasnotfavoredbyamajorityofAmericanreaders85.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.A.giveabriefintroductiontothegrowthofthemassnewspaperB.tracethecauseofthefailuresofthesix-centpapersC.findoutwhichwasthemostsignificantnewspaperofthattimeD.showhowamass-appealnewspapermadeagreatfortunePassage5Insteadofadvancingthepublicdiscussionofbiotechnology,DavidShenksucceedsmerelyindisplayinghisgeneralignoranceandunfoundedfearsinhisrecentarticle“Biocapitalism”.Hisclaimthat“nolivingcreaturehaseverbeforebeenabletoupgradeitsownoperatingsystem”ignorestransduction(theactorprocessoftransferringgeneticmaterialorcharacteristicsfromonebacterialcelltoanother)andbacterialconjugation(thetemporaryunionoftwobacterialcells),whicharewaysorganismshave“upgraded”theirowngenomeswithnovelDNAforhundredsofmillionsofyears.Afirst-yearbiologymajorcouldhavetoldhimthat.ForShenktosuggestthathisdaughtermaysomedayuseabefore-birthgenetictestfor“quick-wittedness”isextremelydull-witted,ignoringthecomplexityofpolygenetictraitswhileembracingashallowgeneticdeterminism.Nurture-utterlyabsentfromhisdiscussion-reallydoesmatter.Finally,worryingabouttheeffectsonthegenepoolofa“cultureinwhichmillionschoosethesamedesirablegenes”isworsethanpointless.TheUnitedNationsprojectsanapproximatehumanpopulationofeightbillionbytheyear2020.EvenifShenk'sworstfearsarerealized,andthewealthyparentsof100millionchildrencananddoselectforapolygenetictrait-say,blueeyes-thiswouldrepresentonlyamodestshiftinthegenepoolof1in80,or1.25percent,assumingthatnoneofthosechildrenwouldotherwisehavebeenbornwithblueeyes.Butwhattrulymattersforthegenepoolinthe1,000-year-longrunisthecapacityofthistraittograntreproductivesuccessinsubsequentgenerations.Whateveradvantageblueeyescurrentlygrantinacquiringamatepresumablyderivesinpartfromthetrait'srelativescarcity.Elementaryeconomicsshowsthatifyoufloodthemarketwithanasset,youdiminishtherelativevalueofthatasset:moreblueeyeswillmakeblueeyeslesssexy.Isitreallytoomuchtoexpectfamiliaritywitheitherbiologyoreconomicsfromanessayentitled“Biocapitalism”?86.ThepurposeofDavidShenk'swritingismostprobablyto.A.drawthepublic'sattentionto“Biocapitalism”B.coverhisgeneralignoranceabout“Biocapitalism”C.showhisapprovaloftheadvancementinbiotechnologyD.reporthissuccessinbiotechnologicalresearch87.Accordingtotheauthor,DavidShenk'sclaimabouttheupgradingoflivingcreatures.A.isobviouslyafaultB.iscomprehensibletocollegestudentsC.isidenticaltohisownargumentD.willbetestifiedbyhisdaughter88.WhatdoesDavidShenkworryabout?A.Thecapacityofthegenepool.B.Thenu