句法学（山东大学）智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下山东大学（威海）

句法学（山东大学）智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下山东大学（威海）山东大学（威海）

第一章测试

Syntaxisthestudyoftheprinciplesandprocessesbywhichsentencesare（）inparticularlanguages.

A:derivedB:movedC:transformedD:constructed

答案:constructed

Syntaxisthescientificstudyofsentencecomponentsandthewaytheyarecombinedtogether.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Accordingtoscientiststhemselves,scientificstudyisdeterminedby（）.

A:thecontentstudiedB:thegoaloftheresearchC:thescientificmethodusedD:thetoolsused

答案:thescientificmethodused

Hypothesiscanberegardedasastrongerversionofgeneralization.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Ahypothesisthatmakesnopredictionsorpredictseverythingisuseless.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

（）rulestellpeoplehowtheyshouldspeak,howpeoplearesupposedtousetheirlanguage.

A:ImportantB:DescriptiveC:ScientificD:Prescriptive

答案:Prescriptive

（）rulesdescribehowpeopleactuallyspeak.

A:DescriptiveB:ImportantC:ScientificD:Prescriptive

答案:Descriptive

Competencereferstothekindsoflanguagethatareactuallyproducedandheard.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Competencereferstowhatweknowaboutourlanguage.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Consciousknowledgeliketherulesofalgebraisacquired.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Languageisaninstinctandmanypartsofitarebuiltin,orinnate.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

UniversalGrammarreferstoabuilt-ininstinctforLanuagebuiltinourmind,whichisbothunlearnableandunacquirable.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Recursionisanotherproofsayingthatlanguageisnotproductiveandunlearnable.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Languageisaproductive,recursiveandinfinitesystem.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

第二章测试

Partsofspeech,alsocalledsyntactic（）orwordclass,tellushowawordisgoingtofunctioninthesentence.

A:kindsB:classesC:categoriesD:types

答案:categories

Traditionaldefinitionsofwordclassareusuallybasedonsemanticcriteria.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Awordneverchangesitspartofspeechwhereveritappearsinasentence.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Wecannotfigureoutthepartsofspeechofwordswithoutknowingwhattheymean.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Thepartofspeechofawordisnotdeterminedbyitsmeaning.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Thecriteriafordeterminingpartofspeecharen’tbasedonthemeaningoftheword,butonitsdistribution.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Syntacticdistributionistheonlydistributionaltestfordeterminingpartofspeech.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Syntacticdistributionreferstowhatotherwordsappearneartheword.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Partsofspeechthatallownewmembersaresaidtobe（）class.

A:newB:openC:functionalD:close

答案:open

Nouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbsarealllexicalpartsofthesentence.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Functionalpartsofspeechusuallydon’tprovideanygrammaticalinformation.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Thetechnicaltermforthesubtypesofaspeechcategoryiscalled（）.

A:inferiorcategoriesB:subcategoriesC:supercategoriesD:smallcategories

答案:subcategories

TherearetwoargumentsinthesentenceJacklovesGina.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

第三章测试

Thenotionstocapturetheinternalstructureofsentencesare（）structureandconstituents.

A:flatB:internalC:hierarchicalD:external

答案:hierarchical

Structureisthewayinwhichthepartsofsomethingareconnectedtogether,arrangedororganized.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

TopicalizationisaprocesswherebyanNPgetsmovedtothefrontofthemainverb.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Inasentence,certainwordsaremorecloselyconnectedthanothersandfunctionasasingleunit.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Therearetwoapproachestodrawatreetodemonstratethestructureofasentence:top-downandbottom-up.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Thefirststeptodrawabottom-uptreeistoidentifywhatmodifieswhat.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

ThelaststepofdrawingatreeistogobackandcheckeachlevelinordertomakesuretheyaregeneratedbythePhraseStructureRules.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Drawingbracketeddiagramsessentiallyfollowsdifferentprinciplesastreedrawing.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Toshowtheinternalstructureofsentencesinaformalway，wehavetwoapproaches:treesandbrackets.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Syntactictreesallowustocapturetheambiguityofasentence.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

第四章测试

Alineconnectingtwopartsofatreeissyntacticallycalledabranch.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Anodewithnolineontopofitiscalled（）node.

A:leaveB:rootC:terminalD:branching

答案:root

Anodewithnobranchunderneathitiscalled（）node.

A:leaveB:branchingC:terminalD:root

答案:terminal

Themaintypesofstructuralrelationsbetweendifferentnodesinatreeinclude（）.

A:coordinationB:dominationC:precedenceD:C-command

答案:coordination;domination;precedence

NodeAdominatesnodeBaslongasAishigherupinthetreethanB.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Technically,constituentcanbedefinedasasetofterminalnodesexhaustively（）byaparticularnode.

A:precededB:coordinatedC:dominatedD:C-commanded

答案:dominated

NodeAimmediatelydominatesnodeBifthereisnointerveningnodeGthatisdominatedbyA,butdominatesnodeB.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

NodeAsister-precedesnodeBaslongastheyarebothimmediatelydominatedbythesamenode.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

NodeAc-commandsnodeBifeverynodedominatingAalsodominatesB.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Anodec-commandsitssistersandallthedaughtersandgranddaughtersofitssisters.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Whentwonodesc-commandeachother,itiscalled（）c-command.

A:symmetricB:asymmetricC:distantD:immediate

答案:symmetric

NodeAgovernsnodeBifAc-commandsB,andthereisnonodeGwhichisc-commandedbynodeAandnodeGasymmetricallyc-commandsnodeB.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Governmentcanberegardedasaspecialtypeofc-command:immediateasymmetricc-command.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

第五章测试

R-expressionsgettheirmeaningbyreferringtovariousentitiesintheworld.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

AnNPthatgetsitsmeaningbyreferringtoanentityintheworldcanbecalled（）.

A:referringexpressionB:anaphorC:pronounD:R-expression

答案:referringexpression;R-expression

AnNPthatobligatorilygetsitsmeaningfromanotherNPinthesentenceiscalleda(n)（）.

A:pronounB:R-expressionC:anaphorD:referringexpression

答案:anaphor

AnNPthatmay,butneednot,getitsmeaningfromanotherwordinthesentenceiscalled（）.

A:R-expressionB:referringexpressionC:anaphorD:pronoun

答案:pronoun

Ananaphormay,butneednot,getitsmeaningfromanotherNPinthesentence.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

ThesyntactictheorydealingwiththesemanticrestrictionsonthepositionsoccupiedbyNPsinasentenceiscalled（）theory.

A:commandingB:bindingC:dominatingD:governing

答案:binding

TwoNPsaresaidtobecoindexediftheyhavethesameindex.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Apronounmustgetitsmeaningfromanotherwordinthesentence.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Bindinghasnothingtodowithcoindexation.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Thesyntacticspaceinwhichananaphormustfinditsantecedentiscalledabinding（）.

A:bindingB:governingC:commandingD:domain

答案:domain

AnNPthatgivesitsmeaningtoanothernouninthesentenceiscalledthe（）ofthatnoun.

A:motherB:sisterC:antecedentD:precedent

答案:antecedent

BindingdomainmightbedefinedastheclausecontainingtheNP.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Apronounmustbeboundinitsbindingdomain.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Ananaphormustbefreeinitsbindingdomain.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

第六章测试

TherewasanintermediatelevelintheinternalstructureofNPs.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Constituencytestspointtowardsamorecomplicatedstructureofphrasesinsteadofthe（）structure.

A:deepB:hierarchicalC:surfaceD:flat

答案:flat

Theonlyobligatoryelementinaphraseisthe（）.

A:complementB:headC:specifierD:adjunct

答案:head

A（）isthemostprominentelementinaphrasalcategoryandgivesitspartofspeechcategorytothewholephrase.

A:complementB:specifierC:headD:adjunct

答案:head

One-replacementmeanstoreplaceanNPwithone.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Therequirementthatphrasesareheadediscalled（）.

A:priorityB:exocentricityC:endocentricityD:androcentricity

答案:endocentricity

Do-so-(ordid-so-)replacementmeanstoreplaceaVnodewithdo-so.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Alltypesofphrasesinvolveaninternalhierarchicalstructurewiththebarlevel.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Theonlyobligatoryelementinaphraseisthecomplement.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

XPsarecalledmaximalprojectionsandtheN’sarecalled（）projections.

A:superB:minimalC:middleD:intermediate

答案:intermediate

InX-bartheory,theXissometimescalledtheminimalprojection.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Allnon-headmaterialsinX-barrulesareneitherphrasalnoroptional.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

X-bartheoryisanattempttocaptureallthosesimilaritiesamongtherules.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

SpecifiercanbedefinedasanXPthatisasistertoanX’level,andadaughterofanotherXP.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

（）referstoanXPthatisasistertoahead(N,V,A,orP)andadaughterofasinglebarlevel(N',V',A',orP’).

A:complementB:adjunctC:headD:specifier

答案:complement

（）referstoanXPthatisasistertoasinglebarlevel(N',V',A',orP')andadaughterofasinglebarlevel(N',V',A',orP’).

A:headB:specifierC:adjunctD:complement

答案:adjunct

IntheX-barframework,therearethreeimportantnodesspecifier,complementandadjunct.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

ThecomplementPPwillalwaysbeclosertotheheadthananadjunctPPwillbe.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

TheadjunctruleX’→X’(ZP)showsthepropertyof（）.

A:endocentricityB:movementC:similarityD:recursion

答案:recursion

Wecanusuallyreorderacomplementwiththeadjuncts.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Wecanusuallyreorderadjunctswithrespecttooneanother,butwecanneverreorderacomplementwiththeadjuncts.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

One-replacementappliesbothtoAdjunctsandComplements.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

InX-barframework,tree-drawingrequiresthatourlinkingmuststartwiththemodifiersclosesttothehead.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

One-replacementappliestoadjuncts,nottocomplements.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

WhendrawingatreeinX-barframework,wemustkeepinmindthatsomeoftheX-barrulesareoptional.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

第七章测试

InX-bartheory,determinersarestillconsideredthespecifierofNP.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

InX-bartheory,DwillhaveitsownprojectionDP,andneitherTnorCisanoptionalpartinTPorCP.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

DPhypothesissaysdeterminerheadsitsownphrasalprojectionandtheNPisitscomplement.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

PossessiveNPsprovideevidenceforDPhypothesis.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Predicatephraseisagroupofwordsthatassignapropertytotheobject.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Aclauseisessentiallya（）andapredicatephrase.

A:complementB:objectC:topicD:subject

答案:subject

Aclausethatcanstandonitsowniscalleda（）clause,alsocalledmainclause.

A:sisterB:rootC:embeddedD:child

答案:root

Anothernameforembeddedclausesissubordinateclause.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Embeddedclausescanalsobedistinguishedaccordingtothepositionstheyoccupyinthesentence,suchas（）.

A:adjunctclausesB:specifierclausesC:complementclausesD:adverbialclauses

答案:adjunctclauses;specifierclauses;complementclauses

Clauseswithinclausesarecalled（）.

A:embeddedclausesB:insideclausesC:rootclausesD:mainclauses

答案:embeddedclauses

Clauseswithpredicatesthataretensedarecalled（）,ortensedclauses.

A:non-finiteclausesB:rootclausesC:finiteclausesD:embeddedclauses

答案:finiteclauses

Clauseswithoutatensedverbarecallednon-finiteclausesortenselessclauses.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

InEnglish,toformayes/noquestionyoueitherinsertsomeformoftheverbdo(do,does,did)beforethesubject,oryou（）thesubjectandtheauxiliary.

A:changeB:moveC:exchangeD:invert

答案:invert

Tenseexistsineveryclause,anditcanbeanalyzedeitherthroughaffixhoppingorbyNullT.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Complementizerexistsineveryclause,whetheritisarootclauseoranembeddedone,orwhetheritisaquestionorastatement.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

第八章测试

X-bartheoryisnotperfect.Itover-generatessomeungrammaticalsentencesanditneedstoberestricted.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Thematicrelationareparticularsemantictermsusedtodescribetherolethata(n)（）playswithrespecttothepredicate.

A:argumentB:nounC:objectD:subject

答案:argument

Thematically,theinitiatorordoerofanactioniscalledthe（）.

A:recipientB:experiencerC:agentD:theme

答案:agent

Argumentsthatfeelorperceiveeventsarecalled（）.

A:agentsB:recipientsC:experiencersD:themes

答案:experiencers

SubcategorialselectionandselectionalrestrictionshavenothingtodowithconstrainingthegeneratingpowerofX-bartheory.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Entitiesthatundergoactionsoraremoved,experienced,orperceivedarecalled（）.

A:themesB:experiencersC:recipientsD:agents

答案:themes

Recipientonlyoccurswithverbsthatdenoteachangeofpossession（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Theplacewheretheactionoccursiscalledthe（）.

A:locationB:agentC:experiencerD:theme

答案:location

Theobjectwithwhichanactionisperformediscalledtheinstrument.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Theentitiestowardswhichmotiontakesplaceiscalleda(n)（）.

A:locationB:goalC:agentD:theme

答案:goal

Theoppositeofagoalisthe（）,theentityfromwhichamotionoriginates.

A:themeB:goalC:locationD:source

答案:source

Thetarolesrefertobundlesofthematicrelationsthatclusteronanargument.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Theoneforwhosebenefitaneventtookplaceiscalledthedoer.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Thetarolesassignedtothesubjectarealsocalled（）thetaroles.

A:externalB:selectionalC:internalD:locational

答案:external

Thetarolesassignedtotheobjectsarecalled（）thetaroles.

A:selectionalB:internalC:locationalD:external

答案:internal

（）requiresthattherebeastrictone-to-onematchingbetweenthenumberandkindofthetarolesandthenumberandkindofarguments.

A:ThetacriterionB:BindingtheoryC:X-bartheoryD:ProjectionPrinciple

答案:Thetacriterion

（）statesthatlexicalinformationissyntacticallyrepresentedatalllevels.

A:ThetacriterionB:ProjectionPrincipleC:BindingtheoryD:X-bartheory

答案:ProjectionPrinciple

Eachargumentisassignedoneandonlyonethetarole.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Anythetarolecanbeassignedtomorethanoneargument.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

ExtendedProjectionPrinciple(EPP)meansthatallclausesmusthavesubjectsandlexicalinformationisexpressedatalllevels.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

第九章测试

DifferentkindsofcomplementizersselectfordifferentkindsofTP.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Verbsonlyselectforspecificthetaroles,theydon’tselectfordifferentfeaturesofCPs.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Differentkindsofdeterminersallplacerestrictionsondifferentkindsofnounstheycantakeascomplements.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

（）referstothetimeofaneventrelativetothetimeatwhichthesentenceiseitherspokenorwritten.

A:MoodB:VoiceC:AspectD:Tense

答案:Tense

（）tensemeanstheeventtimeisbeforetheassertiontime.

A:PastB:FutureC:InfinitiveD:present

答案:Past

（）timemeanstheeventtimeisthesameastheassertiontime.

A:PastB:presentC:FutureD:Infinitive

答案:present

（）tensemeanstheeventtimeisaftertheassertiontime.

A:presentB:PastC:InfinitiveD:Future

答案:Future

Complexverbformsaregeneratedbycombiningaffixesintheorderoftense,aspect,voice,andmainverb.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Englishseemstohavemultipleverbsbe,atleasttwoverbshave,butonlyoneverbdo.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

Modalverbsarein（）distributionwithauxiliaries.

A:hierarchicalB:orderedC:randomD:complementary

答案:complementary

ModalverbsactuallybelongtoTense.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

第十章测试

Transformationalrulestransformthedeepstructureintosurfacestructurebymovementandinsertion.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Insertionrulesputsomethingnewintothebeginningofasentence.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

X-bartheoryiscapableofgeneratingallgrammaticalsentences.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

（）RulesareasetofruleswhichtaketheoutputofX-barrulesandchangethemintodifferentstructures.

A:GeneralB:OriginalC:TransformationalD:Generational

答案:Transformational

TheV→Tmovementcanexplainwhyadverbsoffrequencyandnegativeadverbsappearbetweentheheadandthe（）.

A:predicateB:complementC:specifierD:adjunct

答案:complement

TheVP-internalsubjecthypothesissaysthatthesubjectisgeneratedatthe（）ofthevoiceauxiliaryphrase.

A:predicateB:specifierC:adjunctD:complement

答案:specifier

T→Cmovementhasa（）motivationandissimilarinsomewaystoV→Tmovement.

A:phonologicalB:semanticalC:morphologicalD:syntactical

答案:phonological

V→TmovementmeanstomovetheheadVtotheheadT.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Verbmovementparametersaysthatallverbsraiseoronlymainverbsraise.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Whenthereisnootheroptionforsupportinginflectionalaffixes,wecaninsertthedummyverb（）intoT.

A:doB:beC:canD:have

答案:do

EnglishonlyallowstheauxiliaryverbtoberaisedtoT.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Whenthereisnoauxiliaryverb,thereisnophoneticcontentintheTposition,andthentheT→Cmovementcannotbecompletedtoformaquestion.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

第十一章测试

DPMovementmovesaDPtoaspecifierposition.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

RaisingoperationmeanstoraiseaDPfromthelowerclausetothehigher.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

ItistotallyunreasonabletoassumethattheabsenceofasubjectisthetriggerforDPmovement.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Thethemeisgeneratedinthemainverb’s（）positioninbothactivesandpassives.

A:headB:complementC:specifierD:adjunct

答案:complement

Inapassivesentence,thesubjectisassignedthe（）rolebythemainverb.

A:beneficiaryB:experiencerC:agentD:theme

答案:theme

IntheCasetheoryofChomsky(1981),nominativeCaseisassignedinthe（）offiniteT.

A:headB:adjunctC:complementD:specifier

答案:specifier

IntheCasetheoryofChomsky(1981),（）Caseisassignedasasistertotheverb.

A:activeB:accusativeC:nominativeD:genitive

答案:accusative

IntheCasetheoryofChomsky(1981),DPsaregivenCaseifandonlyiftheyappearinspecificpositionsinthesentence.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

TheCaseFiltersaysthatsomeDPsmustbemarkedwithacase.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

TheCaseFiltersaysthataDPthatdoesn’tgetcasewillleadtothecrashofthesentence.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

ActiveverbscanassignaccusativeCasebutpassiveverbscannot.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

AllsubjectDPsmovetotheinitialpositionofasentencetogetCase.（）

A:错B:对

答案:错

ThedifferencebetweenSVOlanguageslikeEnglishandVSOlanguageslikeIrishisinwherenominativeCaseisassigned.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

InSVOlanguages,nominativeCaseisassignedwhentheDPisimmediatelyc-commandedbyfiniteT.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

第十二章测试

Wh-movementtargetswh-phrasesandmovesthemtothespecifierofCPs.（）

A:错B:对

答案:对

Wh-movementistriggeredbythepresenceofa[+Q]featureinC.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Wh-movementcanhappeninsidetheembeddedclausesbutcannotextendintothemainclauses.（）

A:对B:错

答案:错

Wh-movementistomoveawh-phrasetothe（）ofCPtochecka[+WH]featureinC.

A:specifierB:adjunctC:headD:complement

答案:specifier

Wh-phrasesinrelativeclausesalsofollowstheWh-movementrule.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

ThemovementmotivationforWh-phrasesinrelativeclausesisnottocheckthe[+WH]feature,buttogetconnectedwiththe（）.

A:antecedentB:dominantC:precedentD:assigner

答案:antecedent

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