汉中市镇巴县2023年考研《英语一》全真模拟试题含解析

汉中市镇巴县2023年考研《英语一》全真模拟试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmaller__1__,facespracticallyeverycompanytryingto__2__newproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectofraisingthesortofsumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.Whilebanksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance,theyaregenerally__3__toprovidemoneyonapermanentbasisforlong-termprojects.Socompaniesturntopublic,invitingpeopletolendthemmoney,ortakeashareinthebusinessin__4__forashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby__5__stocksandsharesinthebusinessthroughtheStockExchange.Bydoingsotheycanputintocirculationthesavingsof__6__andorganizations,bothathomeandoverseas.Whenthesaverneedshismoneyback,hedoesnothavetogotothecompanywithwhomheoriginallyplacedit.__7__,hesellshissharesthroughastockbrokertosomeothersaverwhoisseekingto__8__hismoney.Manyofthe__9__neededbothbyindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocalauthorities.Withouthospitals,electricity,telephones,railways,thiscountrycouldnot__10__.Alltheserequire__11__spendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythanisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernment,localauthorities,andnationalizedindustries__12__frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneytofinancemajorcapitalspending,andthey,too,cometotheStockExchange.Thereis__13__amanorwomaninthiscountrywhosejoborwhosestandardoflivingdoesnot__14__theabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromthesavingsofthecountry.TheStockExchange__15_toprovideachannelthroughwhichthesesavingscanreachthosewhoneedfinance.1、A．level B．extent C．scale D．basis2、A．programme B．provide C．develop D．prepare3、A．unexpected B．unwilling C．unbelievable D．uncertain4、A．search B．exchange C．value D．comfort5、A．issuing B．allowing C．producing D．acquiring6、A．immigrants B．investigators C．inheritors D．individuals7、A．Indeed B．Infact C．Inaddition D．Instead8、A．eliminate B．reflect C．invest D．profit9、A．properties B．appliances C．foundations D．services10、A．function B．experience C．share D．launch11、A．invisible B．continuous C．limited D．economical12、A．therefore B．however C．nevertheless D．otherwise13、A．definitely B．almost C．hardly D．probably14、A．turndown B．dependon C．takeover D．putoff15、A．releases B．forces C．leaves D．existsSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Springiscoming,anditistimeforthoseabouttograduatetolookforjobs.Competitionistough,sojobseekersmustcarefullyconsidertheirpersonalchoices.Whateverwearewearing,ourfamilyandfriendsmayacceptus,buttheworkplacemaynot.Ahighschoolnewspapereditorsaiditisunfairforcompaniestodiscouragevisibletattoos(纹身),noserings,orcertaindressstyles.Itistrueyoucan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,yetpeopledo“cover”themselvesinordertoconveycertainmessages.Whatwewear,includingtattoosandnoserings,isanexpressionofwhoweare.Justaspeopleconveymessagesaboutthemselveswiththeirappearances,sodocompanies.Dressstandardsexistinthebusinessworldforanumberofreasons,butthemainconcernisoftenaboutwhatcustomersaccept.Othersmaysayhowtodressisamatterofpersonalfreedom,butforbusinessesitismoreaboutwhethertomakeorlosemoney.Mostemployersdocareaboutthepersonalappearancesoftheiremployees,becausethosepeoplerepresentthecompaniestotheircustomers.AsahiringmanagerIampaidtochoosethepeoplewhowouldmakethebestimpressiononourcustomers.Thereareplentyofwell-qualifiedcandidates,soitisnotwrongtorejectsomeonewhomightdisappointmycustomers.EventhoughIamopen-minded,Ican’texpectallourcustomersare.Thereisnobodytoblamebutyourselfifyoursetofchoicesdoesnotmatchthatofyourpreferredemployer.Nocompanyshouldhavetochangetosatisfyacandidatesimplybecauseheorsheisunwillingtorespectitsstandards,aslongasitsstandardsarelegal.1、Whichofthefollowingisthenewspapereditor’sopinionaccordingtoParagraph2?A．People’sappearancescarrymessageaboutthemselves.B．Customers’choicesinfluencedressstandardsincompanies.C．Candidateswithtattoosornoseringsshouldbefairly-treatedD．Strangedressstylesshouldnotbeencouragedintheworkplace2、Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Candidateshavetowearwhatcompaniespreferforaninterview.B．WhattowearisnotamatterofpersonalchoiceforcompaniesC．Companiessometimeshavetochangetorespecttheircandidates.D．Hiringmanagersmakethebestimpressionontheircandidates.3、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．EmployeesMatter B．PersonalChoicesMatterC．AppearancesMatter D．HiringManagersMatter4、Theauthor’sattitudetowardsstrangedressstylesintheworkplacemaybestbedescribedas.A．enthusiastic B．negativeC．positive D．sympatheticText2Toerrishuman.Societyissufferingfromaninabilitytoacknowledgeasmuch.Forindividuals,errorsarepainful.Thetrick,then,istoerrwell:torecognizemistakesandlearnfromthem.Worryingly,humanitymaybegettingworseatadmittingitsmistakes.Fewenjoythefeelingofbeingcaughtoutinanerror.Butrealtroublestartswhenthedesiretoavoidapunishmentleadstoarefusaltodealwithcontraryevidence.Economistsoftenassumethatpeoplearesensible.Whenfacedwithanewfact,thesepeopleshouldupdatetheirviewoftheworldtotakebetterdecisionsinfuture.Yetyearsofeconomicresearchconfirmsthatpeoplefrequentlydisregardinformationthatconflictswiththeirviewoftheworld.Whyshouldthatbe?LastyearRolandBenabou,ofPrinceton,presentedaframeworkforthinkingabouttheproblem.Inmanyways,beliefsarelikeothereconomicgoods.Peoplespendtimeandresourcesbuildingthem,andgetvaluefromthem:somebeliefsmakeownersfeelgoodandshowtheirpublicidentity;otherbeliefsprovidevaluebyshapingbehavior—forexample,religiousasceticism(禁欲主义)canhelponeavoidunhealthyhabits.Becausebeliefs,however,arenotsimplytoolsformakinggooddecisions,butaretreasuredintheirownright,newinformationthatchallengesthemisunwelcome.Peopleoftenengagein“motivatedreasoning”tomanagesuchchallenges.MrBenabouclassifiesthisintothreecategories.“Strategicignorance”iswhenabelieveravoidsinformationofferingconflictingevidence.In“realitydenial”，troublingevidenceisrationalized(合理化)：realestateinvestorsmightmakeupfancifultheoriesforwhypricesshouldbehaveunusually,andsupportersofadisgracedpoliticianmightclaimthenegativenewstobefake.Andlastly,in“self­signalling”，thebelievercreateshisowntoolstointerpretthefactsinthewayhewants:anunhealthyperson,forexample,mightdecidethatgoingforadailyrunprovesheiswell.“Motivatedreasoning”isacognitivebias(偏见).Notalltheerrorsitleadstoarecostly:praisingtheperformanceofone'ssupportedfootballteamdespitecontradictoryevidencedoeslittleharm.Butwhenbiasesarebroadlyshared—withinfinancialworldorpoliticalparties—dangerarises.Motivatedreasoninghelpsexplainwhyviewpointspolarize(两极分化)evenasinformationismoreeasilyavailablethaneverbefore.WorkbyMrBenabousuggeststhatgroupthinkishighestwhenpeoplewithingroupsfaceasharedfate:whenchoosingtobreakfromagroupisunlikelytospareanindividualthecostsofthegroup'serrorsorbringmuchindividualbenefit.Theincentive(动力)toengageinmotivatedreasoningishighasaresult.Evenasthefactonaparticularissueisobvious,partiescanstillbecomeincreasinglypolarized.That,inturn,canmakeitharderstillforamemberofonepartytogetanybenefitfrombreakingfromagroup.Indeed,thegrouphasanincentivetosilenceindependentvoices.Publicstatementsofregretareriskyinarigidlypolarizedworld.Admissionsoferrorcannotonlyannoypartnersbutalsoprovideopportunitiesforopponents.Butitisrarelyintheinterestofthoseintherighttopretendthattheyareneverwrong.1、Accordingtothepassage,beliefsaresimilartoeconomicgoodsinthat________．A．bothareentertainingandvaluableB．bothcanbeshapedbyreligiousfaithC．bothcanreflectwhotheownersareD．bothpromotereligiousdevelopment2、Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof“self­signalling”？A．Afanspeakshighlyofhisteamalthoughithasjustlostthegame.B．Amancovershisearswhenstealingabell,believingthebellwon'tring.C．SupportersofTrumpbelievethenewsabouthisaffairswithaladyisfake.D．SuspectedAIDScarriersrefusetobetestedthoughitcanbedoneforfree.3、WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphs6and7?A．Polarizationcausesindividualstobreakfromthegroup.B．Richersourcesofinformationdecreasemotivatedreasoning.C．Individualswithindependentvoicesaredismissedfromthegroup.D．Individualsinagroupengageinmotivatedreasoningfortheirowninterests.4、Whichofthefollowingopinionsmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Denyingerrorsisunavoidable.B．Failuretoadmiterrorsisharmful.C．Humansaregettingbetteraterringwell.D．Wisepeopleignorecontraryworldviews.Text3KungfuisoneofanumberofChinesemartialartsdesignedtoimprovethebodyandthemind.Itisperhapsoneofthemostwidelyknownmartialarts,becausemanyfilmsincludeitstechniques.Therearehundredsofstylestaughtallovertheworld,althoughtheycanbelooselydividedintotwocamps:Shaolinstylekungfu,andothertechniques,someofwhichhaveahistorythatoutdatestheShaolinorder.Shaolinkungfixhasitsoriginsinthefifthcentury.Likesomeothermartialarts,itbeganinreligioustemples,wherethemonkssoughtamindandbodydiscipline(训练方法).Inadditiontothefightingstyle,italsoincludesmentalexercisesandreligiouspracticesdesignedtobalancethewholebody.Shaolintemplesresembleduniversities,integratingawiderangeofsubjectsofstudy.Therefore,traditionalShaolinstylessuchasWingChun,Crane,PrayingMantis,andHungGartookknowledgefromfieldsoutsidemartialarts,suchasthehealingartsandmeditation.SupportersforShaolinstylesbelievethattheyaremoreroundedmartialartsstyles,andthatlearnerswillbenefitfromthemonawholebodylevel.Otherfightingstyles,someofwhichpredatetheShaolinstyle,arealsolumpedunderthekungfuumbrella.TheyincludePa-Kua,EagleClaw,andEightDrunkenImmortalsstyles.ThesedisciplinesarenotconsideredtobeShaolinstylebecausetheydidnotoriginateintemplesandarefocusedprimarilyonfightingtechniques.WhetherShaolinorotherwise,kungfuischaracterizedbyselfdefensestrategiesthatturntheenergyofanattackeragainsthimorher.Althoughthetechniquesmayvary,moststylesteachthrows,kicks,punches,andtheuseofweapons.Inadditiontothephysicaldiscipline,mostplaceagreatimportanceonrespect,honor,andlivingabalancedlife.1、Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thereasonwhykungfuisimportant.B．ThedifferentstylesofShaolinkungfu.C．Thefunctionsandbranchesofkungfu.D．ThedifferencesbetweenShaolinstyleandothers.2、Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatkungfu.A．isgoodforpeoplephysicallyandmentallyB．hasthelongesthistoryinShaolintemplesC．issomethingthataretaughtinmanyfilmsD．hasonlytwoimportantstylesleftatpresent3、WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutShaolinkungfuaccordingtothetext?A．Shaolinkungfuwasinventedearlierthanotherstyles.B．SomeShaolinstylesareconnectedwithhealingarts.C．WingChunisnotincludedinShaolinStylekungfu,D．Pa-KuaandEagleClawareunderShaolinStyleumbrella.4、Whatdomoststylesofkungfuhaveincommon?A．TheyallbeganinreligioustemplesinChina.B．Theyteachphysicalskillsinsteadofuseofweapons.C．Theyfocusonattackingtheenemyfirstwithyourenergy.D．Theyrequirelearnerstoberespectfulandhonorthemselves.Text4DundonaldCareClubhasajam-packed,excitingandfun-filledprogramofactivitiesandoutingsforyourchildtoparticipatein.InformationOpen:MondaytoFriday8:00am－6:00pm,fromMonday14toMonday21October(inclusive)Costs:£18perday(8:00am―6:00pm)£10perhalfday(8:00am—1:00pmor1:00pm~~6:00pm)£80fulllweekPleasenotethatbookingsMUSTbemade2weeksinadvanceandpaidinFULL.DundonaldCareClub(availableatDundonaldonly)DateTypeofbookingActivityamActivitypmMonday14OctoberFulldayEglingtonPark,IrvineTuesday15OctoberFulldayWestFMStudioTourWednesday16OctoberHalfdayorFulldayAthleticsandBadmintonDundonaldCastleThursday17OctoberFulldayRoukenGlenCountryParkFriday18OctoberHalfdayorFulldayHalloweenCraftsColdbaking—somesweettreatsMonday21OctoberFulldaySpookystorytelling,HalloweendecorationsthenHalloweenpartyincludingcookingforapplesPleasechecktheprogramonwhetherafullorhalfdaybookingisavailable.Weathernotpermitting,asuitablealternativeactivitymaybeprovided.1、IfyougototheDundonaldCareClubonMondayandFriday,youatleastpay________.A．£36 B．£28 C．£98 D．£902、Whatwillvisitorsdoat8:00am—1:00pm,16October?A．MakeHalloweencrafts. B．Dosomesportsactivities.C．Preparesomesweettreats. D．HaveaWestFMStudioTour.3、Whatinformationcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Therearenoactivitiesatweekends.B．Outingsarethecenteroftheprogram.C．Theactivitywillbecancelledinbadweather.D．Thebookingisavailablefrom14to21October.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankShouldVideoGamesBeArt?BackinAprilthisyear,filmcriticRogerEbertdecidedtohandlethetopicoftheculturalimportanceofvideogamesfromtheperspectiveofwhethertheycouldeverberegardedasartClearly,Ebert1．(convince)thatnogamesofarcouldevendreamofbeingconsideredascomingclosetoaworkofartIntoday’spost,Ebertreturnstothetopictoputanendtothedebatethathasbeengoingoneversince:thoughhestandsby2．hebelievesin—namelythat,atleastintheoryandprinciple,videogameswillneverbeart—hecannowadmitthatheshouldn’thaveexpressedhisopinionwithoutknowingwhathewastalkingaboutAndthatishisbiggestmistake,asfarasheisconcerned,3．heexpressedajudgmentonapublicforum（论坛）withouthavingplayedasinglevideogame—andallthewhile4．(insist)thatwasthelastthingonhiswishlistHeapproachedthematterstrictlyfromatheoreticalpointofviewandthat’snotfair5．thegamingindustry—orthegamerswhotookoffense,forthatmatter“IwasafoolformentioningvideogamesinthefirstplaceIwouldneverexpressanopiniononamovieIhadn’tseenYetIhavedeclaredthatvideogames6．neverbeArtIstillbelievethis,butIshouldneverhavesaidsoSomeopinionsarebestkepttoyourselfSofar,4,547comments7．(rain)downuponmeforthatblogentryPerhaps300supportedmypositionTherestwereunitedinoppositionWhatyouseenowpostedarealmostallofthecomments8．(send)inTheyaremostlyintelligent,well-written,andrightaboutonethinginparticular:Ishouldnothavewrittenthatentrywithoutbeingmorefamiliarwiththeactualexperienceofvideogames,”Ebertwritesabouttheverypost9．startedthedebateMostposterspointedtohimthathewasalsodoingsowithoutasmuchasofferingacleardefinitionofArt“10．gamersexperiencevideogamesasaformofart,doesthatnotautomaticallymakethemso？”somesaidOthers,tiredofreadingwhatothershadarguedbeforethem,weresimplycontenttosay“Ebertdoesn’tgetit”Bothcoldsandflumakeyoufeeluncomfortable,andbothofthebreathinginfections1．(cause)byvirusesButwhatistherealdifferencebetweenthecold2．flu?Theirsymptoms(症状)aresimilar,soitcanbehardtotellwhichhashityoufirstFindingout3．youhave,though,canmeanbettertreatmentandgettingbetterfasterAvoidthevirusinthefirstplacewiththesetricksthatdoctorsuse4．(avoid)coldsandfluWhilecoldsareunpleasant,they5．(rare)lastlongandaren’tusuallyserious;theflu,however,isadifferentmatterInthe2015-16season,flucaused11millionmedicalvisits,308,000hospitalvisits,and12,6．(dead)Mostpeoplegetoverbothacoldandthefluin7．(little)thantwoweekswithoutvisitingthedoctorIfyou'reathighriskof8．(develop)seriouscomplications（并发症）fromtheflu-suchasanyonewithheartdiseaseorasthma（气喘）-youshouldvisitadoctor，9．cangiveyoufluantiviraldrugsAnyoneelsecanreducesymptomswiththesenatural10．(cure)forcoldandfluSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)HowToCultivateYourConfidenceSelf-confidence,thecombinationofself-efficacyandself-esteem,isanessentialpartofhumanity,Apersonwithselfconfidencegenerallyiswillingtotakeriskstoachievehispersonalgoals,Someonewholacksselfconfidence,however,islesslikelytofeelthathecanachievehisgoals,1、Identifyyournegativethoughts,Yournegativethoughtsmightsoundlikethis:“Ican’tdothat,”“Iwillsurelyfail”.Thisinnervoiceispessimisticandunhelpfulandwillholdyoubackfromachievinghighself-esteemandgreaterselfconfidence.Turnyournegativethoughtstopositivethoughts.2、Thismaytaketheformofpositiveaffirmations,suchas“Iamgoingtotryit,”“IcanbesuccessfulifIworkatit,”or“peoplewilllistentome.”Startwithjustafewpositivethoughtsaday.Refusetoallownegativethoughtstooccurmoreoftenthanpositivethoughts.Eventually,yourpositivethoughtsshouldbegivenmore“brainspace”thanyournegativethoughts,3、4、Avoidspendingtimearoundthingsthatcanmakeyoufeelbadaboutyourselfagain.Thesemightberemindersfromthepast,clothingthatnolongerfits,orplacesthatdon’tfitwithyournewgoalsofgainingconfidence.Thoughyoumaynotbeabletogetridofeverynegativesourceinyourlife,youcancertainlythinkabouthowtocutyourlosses.5、A．Getawayfromyourpast.B．Ridremindersofyournegativity.C．Thiswillgoalongwayinbuildingupyourself-confidence.D．Thismeansthatyoucanhaveanabundanceofself-confidence.E.Themoreyourpositivethoughtsget，thelessyournegativethoughtsget.F.Asyoupayattentiontoyournegativethoughts,turnthemaroundtoposi