Unit3知识梳理宾语从句讲义牛津译林版英语九年级上册

9AUnit3Reading梳理9AUnit3Reading梳理一、重点词汇teenageadj.青少年的 markn.分数；标记madadj.疯狂的；生气的examn.(=examination)考试，测试perhapsadv.或许，可能 dealvi．处理choicem选择 butprep.除……外；只有awakeadj.醒着的 doubtvt.怀疑worthadj.值得，值……钱valuableadj.宝贵的，很有用的；贵重的imaginevt．＆vi．想象，设想 suggestionn．建议causen.原因 strictadj.严格的，严厉的重要句型1.Ihaveaproblem,butIwonderhowIshoulddealwithit．我有一个问题，但是我想要知道我应该怎样处理它。(1)wonder①wonder作及物动词，表示“想知道”、“对……感到怀疑”、“纳闷”，常见用法有：1)后接who，what，when等引导的宾语从句。相当于wanttoknow如：Iwonderwhoheis．我想知道他是谁。2)后接that引导的宾语从句，表示“感到惊奇”、“对……感到惊讶”，that常可省去。如：Iwonder(that)Lunenglostthegame.我对于鲁能队失掉比赛很惊讶。3)后接if或whether引导的宾语从句，用于有礼貌的询问。如：Shewonderedwhetherhermotherwasfreethatmorning.她想知道那天早上她的妈妈是否有空。4)后接“疑问词+不定式”构成的短语。如：I'mjustwonderinghowtodoit．我想要知道怎样做。②wonder作名词，表示“奇事”、“奇迹”、“奇观”、“奇才”、“惊奇；惊讶”等。如：ThepyramidsareoneoftheSevenWondersoftheWorld.金字塔是世界七大奇迹之一。(2)dealwith与dowith都意为“处置；处理”。dowith常与连接代词what连用，而dealwith常与连接副词how连用，如：Idon'tknowhowtheydealwiththeproblem.(=Idon'tknowwhattheydowiththeproblem.)我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。Heiseasytodealwith.(=Heiseasytodowith.这时“do”是不及物动词)他是容易相处的人。这两个词组在使用时有细微的差别。2.Ihavealotofhomeworkeveryday,andIhavenochoicebuttofinishallofit．我每天有很多作业，我没有选择只能完成所有的作业。choice作名词，意为“选择”，其动词形式为choose。常见短语为havenochoicebuttodosth意为“没有别的选择只能做”。Ihavenochoicebuttoaccepthisinvitation.我除了接受他的邀请没有别的选择。3．Ioftenhavetostayuplate．我常常不得不熬夜到很晚。stayup意为“熬夜”，后常接副词late。Doyouoftenstayuplate?你常常熬夜到很晚吗？[归纳]常见的含有up的动词短语：sendup发出，射出putup张贴／建造finishup吃完或喝完divideup使……分开eupwith想出eatup吃光giveup放弃4.However,Ihardlyhaveanysparetimeformyhobbies.然而，我几乎没有任何空余时间来享受自己的爱好。hardly意为“几乎不”，易混词为hard，可为形容词或者副词。作形容词时，意为“困难的”；作副词时，意为“努力地；猛烈地”。Asastudent.weshouldworkhard.作为学生，我们应该努力学习。5.Ioftendoubtwhetheritisworthspendingsomuchtimeonmyhomework．我常常怀疑把这么多时间花费在作业上是否值得。(1)doubt意为“怀疑”。后接宾语从句时，如主句为肯定句时用if或whether连接，如主句为否定句或疑问句时用that连接，表示“不信任，不相信，怀疑，疑惑”。如：Idon'tdoubtthatshe'stellingthetruth.我并不怀疑她讲的是真话。(2)worth为形容词，意为“值得；值……钱”，常见短语为beworthdoing“值得做”。TheLifeIKnow,byHanHanisworthreading.韩寒写的《我所理解的生活》值得读。6.Idon'tunderstandwhytheyweresostrictwithme．我不理解为什么他们对我如此的严格。strict作形容词，意为“严格的；严厉的”。常见短语bestrictwithsb，意为“对某人严格要求”，以及bestrictin(doing)sth，意为“对（做）某事严格要求”。如：MrSmithisverystrictwithhischildren.史密斯先生对他的孩子们要求十分严格。7．Ineedsomeonetosharemyworrieswith．我想要一个人来和我分担忧虑。worry：(1)worry作名词，意为“担心；令人担忧的事情”，其复数形式为worries。Toomanyworriesarebadforyourhealth.太多的忧虑对你的健康有害。(2)worry可作及物动词，意为“使烦恼”，“使焦虑”，常接sb作宾语。如：Whatworriedyousomuch?什么事使你这么着急？(3)worry也可作不及物动词，意为“烦恼”、“担心”、“发愁”，常跟介词about或over。如：Theyareworryingabouttheingexam.他们正在为即将到来的考试而发愁。(4)worry后接从句时，也表示“为……担心”，此时不用介词，worry可看作及物动词。如： Don'tworryhowmuchyou'spend.别担心花多少钱。课堂练习课堂练习单项填空( )1.Hisfriendsfind______himeverythingthathashappened.A.itnecessarytotell B.thatnecessarytoC.necessaryitto D.necessarytotell( )2.Theylearneditallbythemselves.Thatistosaynobodytoldthem______.A.whattodoit B.howtodoit C.wheretodo D.whentodo( )3.Davidwassoexcitedatthegoodnewsthathecould______sayaword. A.nearly B.hard C.ever D.hardly( )4.Thispieceofmusicisworth______.A.tolisten B.tolistento C.listening D.listeningto( )5.Mrs.Blackalwayshavemanyways______herclasses______.A.tomake;livelyandinterested B.tomake;livelyandinterestingC.ofmaking;aliveandinterested D.ofmaking;aliveandinteresting( )6.Theexpertadvisedme______ourselves______ourwork.A.tobestrictin；with B.bestrictin；withC.tobestrictwith；in D.strictwith；in( )7.________thewomanhasalotofmoney.A.Itseemedthat B.SheseemsthatC.Itseemsthat D.Sheseemedthat( )8.Lindafeels______tiredtodayafter1,000meterrace,butshehas______homeworktodoasusual.A.toomuch； muchtoo B.toomuch；toomuchC.muchtoo； muchtoo D.muchtoo； toomuch( )9.一Doyouknow_____Janegoestothelibrary?一Onceaweek.Shelovesreadingverymuch.A.howsoon B.howoften C.howlong D.howfar( )10.Youshouldn’t______toomuch.It’sbadforyourhealthto _______.A.worry；worried B.worried；worry C.worry；worryabout D.worry；beworried( )11.Myteachergaveme_______andImadegreatprogressinmystudy.A.agoodadvice B.somegoodadvicesC.Somegoodsuggestion D.agoodsuggestion( )12.Youhavetobe18yearsoldbeforeyouare_______todriveacar.A.allowed B.promised C.accepted D.spared( )13.—Whatdidthedoctorsayjustnow? —Thedoctorsuggestedthatweshouldn’t_______ lateevenonholiday. A.putup Bstayup C.giveup D.turnup( )14.Idon’tknow______todealwiththisMathsproblem.It’stoodifficult.—Youcanaskyourclassmatesorteachersforhelp.A.how B.what C.whether D.if( )15.—Couldyoupleasetellme_______ ?—They’reoverthere. A.wherearethebathrooms B.wherewerethebathroomsC.wherethebathroomsare D.wherethebathroomswere翻译句子1.计算一下，你完成这项任务需要的时间。_______________________________________________________________________2.他别无选择，只能严格要求他的学生。_______________________________________________________________________3.杰克似乎在生他妈妈的气。_______________________________________________________________________4.我弟弟痴迷收集各种各样的蝴蝶图片。_______________________________________________________________________5.你能给我一些关于怎样在学业与爱好之间获得平衡的建议吗？_______________________________________________________________________宾语从句宾语从句一、宾语从句的语法意义及结构(1)语法意义：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句通常由连词(that,whether,if)、连接代词(which,what,who,whose,whom)或连接副词(where,how,when,why)等引导。及物动词、介词或某些系表结构后可带宾语从句。(2)句型结构：主语+谓语+引导词+主语+谓语(+其他成分）二、宾语从句引导词：(1)陈述句作宾语从句引导词用that。that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，无实际意思，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：

Hesaid(that)itwascoldinMoscow.Motherknows(that)Jimwillworkhard.

(2)一般疑问句作宾语从句引导词用whether或if。whether或if表示“是否、是不是”的意思，不能省略。如：

Iwanttoknowif/whethertheanswerisright.Lucyaskedif/whethertheyhadacheapershirt.注：下列情况下一般只能用whether，不能用if：①与ornot连用时Idon’tknowwhetherhelikesthemovieornot.我不知道他喜不喜欢这部电影。②作介词的宾语时Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。③放在不定式前，与不定式组成词组时Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.她还没决定去还是不去。④作discuss等词的宾语时Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.我们讨论了是否该关闭那家商店。(3)特殊疑问句作宾语从句引导词用原来的疑问词，但在宾语从句中称作连接代词或连接副词。连接代词(which,what,who,whose,whom)或连接副词(where,how,when,why)在从句中充当一定的句子成分，有一定的意思，不能省略。如：

Pleasetellhimwhichclassyouarein.HeaskedmewhomIwaswaitingfor.

Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?Pleaseasktheteacherhowwecangetthere三、宾语从句的时态

(1)若主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句根据句子的意义使用需要的时态。如：Wedon’tknowwhohasbrokenthewindow.Butwewillfindoutwhohasdonethat.

Pleasetellmewherewewillgo.(2)若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应某种过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。如：Hesaid:I’mastudent.Hesaidthathewasastudent.

Theteacherasked:WhatisMikedoing?TheteacheraskedwhatMikewasdoing.(3)若宾语从句叙述的是客观真理或永恒不变的规律，则应采用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。如：Ourteachersaidthattheearthmovesroundthesun.四、宾语从句的语序

(1)陈述句作由that引导的宾语从句时，语序不用调整，即为陈述语序。

(2)一般疑问句作宾语从句时，其结构为whether/if+陈述句。原一般疑问句的主语前如果是助动词do/does/did，应去掉，谓语动词应改为其相应的形式;原一般疑问句的主语前如果是don’t/doesn’t/didn’t，则直接将其放到主语之后;原一般疑问句的主语前如果是be动词、情态动词或其他助动词，则应将其放到主语之后。如：

Doeshelikeapples?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknowwhetherhelikesapples.

Heasks:IsTomadiver?HeaskswhetherTomisadriver.

(3)特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，如果疑问词作主语或主语的定语，其语序不用变化;如果疑问词充当其他句子成分，则宾语从句的结构为连接代词/连接副词+陈述句。如：

Whocananswerthequestion?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknowwhocananswerthequestion.

Whosebookisonthedesk?Weallknow.Weallknowwhosebookisonthedesk.

Whenwilltheyarrive?Pleasetellus.Pleasetelluswhentheywillarrive.课堂练习课堂练习选择填空：

()1.Doyouknowwhattime_______.

A.thetrainleave

B.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleave

D.thetrainleaves

()2.Couldyoutellme_______withthebike?It'sbrokendown.

A.what'sthematter

B.whatthematterisC.what'sthewrong

D.whatthewrongis

()3.Shesaid_______itwouldn'tmattermuch.

A.that

B.if

C.which

D.what

()4.Wewantedtoknow_______theanswerwasfightornot.

A.if

B.that

C.whether

D.what

()5.Johnisbehindothersinmaths,butitdoesn'tfollow_______hedoesn'tusehisbrains,hemaynotbeinterestedinit

A.what

B.that

C.if

D.which

()6.Shehasmadeitclear_______shewillhavenothingtodowithhim.

A.what

B.which

C.whether

D.that

()7.Forcenturies,peoplehavewondered_______thiscontinentisreallylike,sinceitiscoveredwithsolidthickiceanddeepsnowalltheyearround.

A.what

B.how

C.which

D.whether

()8.LiLeitoldJim_______.

A.howmuchyuanisthesweater

B.howmuchisthesweater

C.howmuchthesweateris

D.howmuchthesweaterwas

()9.Hereallydoesn'tknow_______theoverheadbridgewillbefinished.

A.howlong

B.howfar

C.howsoon

D.howoften

()10.Theteachercameuptosee_______.

A.whatwasthematter

B.whatthematterwas

C.whatthematteris

D.what'sthematter

()11.Nobodyknew_______.

A.wherehees

B.wherehewasfromC.whereheisfrom

D.wheredoesheefrom

()12.Canyoutellme_______.Mr.GreenlivesinRoom2318?

A.that

B.where

C.until

D.if

()13.Itoldthemthatthesun_______intheeast.

A.rises

B.rose

C.hasrisen

D.wasrising

()14.Youmustremember_______thetrain

A.that,leaves

B.when,leaves

C.when,willleave

D.if,leave

()15.Theboyaskedhowfarthemoon_______fromtheearth.

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.was

()16.Iwassurprisedat_______.

A.whatheissaying

B.whathesaid

C.whatdidhesay

D.whatsaidhe

()19.Hesaidhe_______mebefore.

A.hasmet

B.met

C.wasmeeting

D.hadmet

()23.Theywillbethankfulfor_______youhavedone.

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.who回家作业回家作业单项选择()1.Hetoldmethenewsinalow_______．A.sound B.noise C.voice D.noises()2.Turnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.Don'tleavethelights_______.A.off B.on C.away D.shine()3.Themanis_______toliftthebox.A.weakenough B.enoughstrongC.strongenoughD.tallenough()4.It'sunhealthyforyoutodrink_______wine.A.manytoo B.muchtooC.toomany D.toomuch()5.Thankyouforgivingussomany_______．A.advice B.advices C.suggestion D.suggestions()6.Everyonehasproblemsattimes.Themostimportantisweneedtolearnhowto_______theseproblems.A.dealwith B.dowith C.tell D.know()7.Wearelookingforwardto_______theGreatWall.A.visit B.visited C.visiting D.visits()8.MaybeIhaveheardofthestorybefore,butIcan_______rememberit.A.hardly B.really C.mostly D.easily()9.Ithinkyouradviceisofgreatvaluetomeandit'sworth_______.A.totake