英国男作家-简历-求职职场-实用文档

TheBritish

malewriters

英国男作家GROUP8：杨建文李丽萍和倩云Sixperiods

ofEnglishLiterature：1、Themedievaltimes〔中世纪〕2、TheRenaissance〔文艺复兴〕3、Theneoclassical〔新古典主义〕4、TheRomanticism〔浪漫主义〕5、TheVitoriatimes〔维多利亚时代〕6、TwentiethCentury〔20世纪〕中世纪代表人物Therepresentative杰弗里.乔叟GeoffreyChaucerJeffreyChaucer(GeoffreyChaucer,1342-1400),thefamousmedievalEnglishwriter,wasborninahomewine.In1359withtheEdwardSansFrenchexpeditionaryforce,wascapturedbytheFrencharmy,neartogoldredemption.SinceChaucerChamberlain,tomanyEuropeancountries,twicevisitedItaly,foundDante,BioandPytlak'sworks,playedagreatroleonhisliterarycreation.Representativeworks:"Canterburytales",theotherworksof"thebookoftheDuchess""thereputationofthepalace""birds"(TheParliamentofFowlesConference),"virtuouswomen"(TheLegendofGo)杰弗里·乔叟〔1342年—1400年〕，英国中世纪著名作家，出生于一个酒商家庭。1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国，被法军俘虏，不久以黄金赎回。乔叟当过国王侍从，出使许多欧洲国家，两度访问意大利，发现了但丁、薄伽丘和彼特拉克的作品，对他的文学创作起了极大的作用。代表作：?坎特伯雷故事集?其他作品?公爵夫人之书?、?声誉之宫?、?百鸟会议?、?贤妇传说?Creativeperiod(创作期)1、Frenchinfluenceperiod〔法国影响时期〕2、Italyinfluence

period〔意大利影响时期〕3、Thematureperiod〔成熟时期〕1、Frenchinfluenceperiod〔法国影响时期〕(1360

~1372):

themaintranslation

and

imitatetheFrench

poet,

wrote"mourning

theDuchess"

(The

Book

of

the

Duchess

(1369)),

withLondondialecttranslation

ofFrench

Medieval

epicpoem

"Romanceoftherose"

etc..〔1360～1372〕：主要翻译并仿效法国诗人的作品，创作了?悼公爵夫人?〔TheBookoftheDuchess〔1369〕〕，用伦敦方言翻译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗?玫瑰传奇?等。2、Italyinfluence

period〔意大利影响时期〕(1372

~1386):

progressivethought

poet

contact

bourgeois

humanism.

CreationofthisperiodSuchas

"birds",

"meeting

TroyLesand

Clare

West"

(Troilus

and

Criseyde

(C.1385)),

"good

woman",

reflectsthe

realityoflife

oriented

creativeattitudeandhumanisticview.〔1372～1386〕：诗人接触了资产阶级人文主义的进步思想。这一时期的创作如?百鸟会议?、?特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德?〔TroilusandCriseyde(c.1385〕〕、?好女人的故事?，反映了作者面向生活现实的创作态度和人文主义观点。3、Thematureperiod〔成熟时期〕(1386

~1400):

Chaucerinthe

last15

years

engagedin

"Canterburytales"creation.

Inbothcontentand

skills

havereachedthe

peakofhiswriting.

Hepioneeredthe

heroiccouplet

iswidelyadoptedby

the

Englishpoet,

knownas"thefatherofEnglishpoetry".〔1386～1400〕：乔叟在这最后15年里从事?坎特伯雷故事集?的创作。无论在内容和技巧上都到达他创作的顶峰。他首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用，被誉为“英国诗歌之父〞。Worksappreciation〔作品赏析〕来吧，夏天，用你柔和的阳光Comeon,

summer,

withyour

warmsunshine对风雪交加的天气发动攻击，Theattackon

the

weatherin

asnowstormisraging,赶得又长又黑的夜就此逃避！Catchthe

longdark

night

to

escape!圣瓦伦丁河啊，小鸟在为你歌唱，St.Valentine's

River,

birds

singforyou,你戴着花冠坐在高高的云里：You'resittingonthehigh

intheclouds

with

corolla

wear:来吧，夏天，用你柔和的阳光Comeon,

summer,

withyour

warmsunshine对风雪交加的天气发动攻击。Theattackon

the

weatherin

asnowstormisraging.那些鸟儿有理由不时地欢唱，Theyhavegoodreasonto

sing,因为它们在树丛里找到伴侣。Becausethey

findamate

inthebushes.啊，它们醒时唱得多幸福甜蜜：Ah,

they

wakeupand

sing

happy

sweet:来吧，夏天，柔和的阳光Renaissance

figures〔文艺复兴时期代表人物〕ThomasMoore(托马斯.莫尔)WilliamShakespeare〔威廉·莎士比亚〕ThomasMoore

(St.

Thomas

Moreand

Sir

Thomas

More,

February7,1478

July6,1535)

founderofthe

earlyutopian

socialismtheory,

fullofwit

humanistscholar

and

experienced

politicians,

withits

famous

"Utopia"

andmade

history.托马斯·莫尔〔St.ThomasMore又作SirThomasMore，1478年2月7日—1535年7月6日〕欧洲早期空想社会主义学说的创始人，才华横溢的人文主义学者和阅历丰富的政治家，以其名著?乌托邦?而名垂史册。Academicworks〔学术著作〕Between1513and1518,

themoire

inEnglishand

Latin

wrote

"KingRichard

IIIChronicles",

thisisthefirst

masterpieceof

British

history,

although

notyetfinalized,

butthe

influenceonthe

latergenerations,

Shakespeare's

drama"RichardSans"

istousethisbook

moire

ismodeled,

successfullyportrays

atyrant'simage.1513年至1518年间，莫尔用英文和拉丁文写了?国王理查三世本纪?，这是英国历史学的第一篇名著，虽然没有完稿，但对后世产生影响，莎士比亚的戏剧?理查三世?就是以莫尔的这本书为蓝本，成功地塑造了一个暴君的形象。"Utopia"

isa

masterpieceofMoore,

itsfullnameis

"about

themostperfect

stateand

Utopia

Niijima's

goodandinteresting

goldbook",

writtenin1515

to1516

inEurope,

writtenin

Latin.

Thebookdescribes

afictional

navigator

navigating

toaQiXiang

exotic

Utopia

trip.

"Utopia"

comesfromtheGreekword,

whichmeans"utopia".

Mohr's

first

useittoexpress

ahappy,

theidealstate,

Moore

said,"Utopia"

isanislandcountryin

thesouthernhemisphere?乌托邦?一书是莫尔的不朽之作，它的全名是?关于最完美的国家制度和乌托邦新岛的既有益又有趣的金书?，写于1515年至1516年出使欧洲期间，用拉丁语写成。书中表达一个虚构的航海家航行到一个奇乡异国乌托邦的旅行见闻。“乌托邦〞一词来自希腊文，意即“乌有之乡〞。莫尔第一次用它来表示一个幸福的、理想的国家，莫尔说，“乌托邦〞是南半球的一个岛国There,

societyisbasedon

commonownershipofproperty,

thepeople

areequalintheeconomic,

politicalpower,

implementthe

principleof

distributionaccordingtoneed.

Citizens

havenoprivate

property,

everytenyears

toreplaceasecondary

housing,

wear

uniforms

and

citizens,

inapublic

restaurant,

everyonetookturns

torural

labor

twoyears,

officials

elected

by

secretballot,

nothereditary

position.

Residents

worksix

hoursthat

can

meettheneedsofsociety,therestofthetime

inscience,

art,

wisdom

gameactivities.

No

relationshipbetweencommodityandcurrency,

goldandsilver

wasusedtomake

aurinaltoilet.

Utopia

also

practicemonogamyand

religiousfreedompolicy.在那里，社会的根底是财产公有制，人们在经济、政治权力方面都是平等的，实行按需分配的原那么。公民们没有私有财产，每十年调换一次住房，穿统一的工作服和公民装，在公共餐厅就餐，每人轮流到农村劳动二年，官吏由秘密投票方式选举产生，职位不得世袭。居民每天劳动六小时即能满足社会需要，其余时间从事科学、艺术、智慧游戏活动。没有商品货币关系,金银被用来制造便桶溺器。乌托邦人也奉行一夫一妻制和宗教自由政策。His

conclusion

isclear:

theprivateownership

istherootofallevil

den.

Theprivateownershipof

the

"thebestofeverything

are

theworst

people,

whileothers

are

poor."

Therefore,

"only

thecompleteabolitionof

privateownership,wealth

canget

theaveragedistribution

justice,

humanbeingscan

havebenefits."

Mooreinthe

historyofsocialism

firstproposed

theeliminationofprivateownership,

theestablishmentofpublicownership

problem.莫尔的结论非常明确：私有制乃万恶之渊薮。私有制使“一切最好的东西都落到最坏的人手中，而其余的人都穷困不堪。〞因此“只有完全废除私有制度，财富才可以得到平均公正的分配，人类才能有福利。〞莫尔在社会主义史上第一次提出了消灭私有制，建立公有制的问题。Theneoclassicalperiod

representative〔新古典主义时期代表人物〕DanielDefoe〔丹尼尔·笛〕HenryFielding〔亨利·菲尔丁〕DanielDefoe,

aBritishwriter,

journalist.

Thefounderofthe

UK's

realityenlightenment

richnovel,

knownasthe

"fatherof

British

and

Europeannovels".Hisworks

readable,

main

frame:

theprotagonist

throughtheeffortsofindividuals,

torelyonthewisdom

andcouragetoovercomedifficulties,expressedthepursuitofadventure,

societyandindividualstruggle.

Therepresentativeof

"RobinsonCrusoe",

createda

difficultstrugglewiththetypicalcharacters

cometoasuccessfulissue

ofRobinson.丹尼尔·笛福，英国作家，新闻记者。英国启蒙时期现实主义丰富的小说的奠基人，被誉为“英国和欧洲小说之父〞。其作品可读性强，主要构架为：主人公个人通过努力，靠智慧和勇敢战胜困难，表现了当时追求冒险，倡导个人奋斗的社会风气。其代表作?鲁滨逊漂流记?，创造了与困难抗争的典型人物功德圆满的鲁滨逊。Therepresentative〔代表作〕?辛格顿船长?"CaptainSingleton"?摩尔·弗兰德斯?MooreFlanders.?大疫年记事?"Theplague

years."?鲁滨逊漂流记?"RobinsonCrusoe"

?枷刑颂?"Chungflailpunishment"?消灭不同教派的捷径?Theeradicationofdifferentsects

"shortcuts"?鲁滨逊的沉思集?"Robinson'meditations"?凡卡?"Here"“RobinsonCrusoe〞

appreciation〔?鲁宾逊漂流记?赏析〕Defoe's

Robinsonbecamethe

pettybourgeoisie

intheeyesof

the

hero,

istheemerging

bourgeoisie

first

idealized

imagesinWesternculture.Robinsonwasbornina

middleclass,

educationphilosophy,

hisfather

used

hiscontentment,

hesatisfiedwiththestatusquo,

nottothesea.

Butthenewworldoverseas

as

anirresistible

temptationtoappealtohim,

heis

aspiring,determinedtogiveupeasyandcomfortable

lifeofmediocritytotheseavoyage.28

yearsofislandlife

couldn'tstophis

continuingadventures.

The

enterprisingspiritofadventure,

theperformanceoftheemerging

bourgeoisie

isnot

satisfiedwiththestatusquo,

to

exploretheworld,

sharethedesireoftheworld.笛福塑造的鲁滨逊成了当时中小资产阶级心目中的英雄人物，是西方文学中第一个理想化的新兴资产者形象。鲁滨逊出身于中产阶级，他父亲常用知足常乐的哲学教育他，要他满足现状，不要出海。但海外的新世界像一股不可抗拒的吸引力诱惑着他，他雄心勃勃，决心舍弃安逸舒适的平庸生活出海远航。28年的孤岛生活阻止不了他的继续冒险。这种勇于进取的冒险精神，表现了当时新兴的资产阶级不满足于现状，要开拓世界、占有世界的欲望。Well-knownsaying〔名言〕Fearofdanger

thaneventerribledangeritself

tenthousandtimes.害怕危险的心理比危险本身还要可怕一万倍Thisarticle

features〔文章特点〕1、To

notobey

church

businessman,

public

speaking.

Theywererichin

thespiritofdemocracy,

practical,

payattentiontothedevelopmentof

industryandcommerce.

Defoe

being

oneofthem

proud,

repeatedly

writing

songs

of

greatmiddleclass,

putforwardthe"libertyandproperty!"

Slogan.为不服从国教的商人，小市民说话。他们富于民主精神，讲求实际，注意工商业的开展。笛福以身为他们的一员自傲，屡次写文歌颂中产阶级的伟大，提出“自由与财产！〞的口号。2、Keenobservation,

attentiontodetail,

the

whatoneseesandhears

accurate,vivid

record.

Atthesametime

havearichimagination,

accordingto

rumorsandsome

haveneverexperienced

thepreviousrecords

of

events观察敏锐，注意细节，能把所见所闻准确，生动的记录下来。同时有丰富的想象力，能根据传闻和前人记载设想某些未曾经历的事件Work〔著作〕?一七三六年历史纪事?〔1737〕"History"

in1736

?大伟人乔纳森.菲尔德传?〔1743〕"Great

JonathanRumsfeld

biography"

?汤姆·琼斯?〔1749〕TomJones

?艾米莉亚?〔1751〕"Emily"

?里斯本航海日记?〔1754“JournalofavoyagetoLisbon〞

HenryFieldingBritishnovelist.

Ofnoblebirth.

Hegraduatedfrom

Eatoncollege

andtheLeidenUniversityinHolland.

Once

thescreenplay

fortheatre,

oncehosted

asmalltheater.

Haswritten

"QuixoteintheUK",

"history"

andothertwenty-fiveministriespoliticalsatiricalcomedy,

were

banned

play.

After40yearsof

dedicated

writingnovels

"great"Jonathan

weld

pass

",

apointedsatire

ofsocial,

politicalsystem;"JosephAndrewsbiography

"byhumor

style

revealthesocial

inequality.Masterp