考研《英语一》2023年陕西省西安市高陵县高分冲刺试卷含解析

考研《英语一》2023年陕西省西安市高陵县高分冲刺试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)第二节完型填空请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMymotherhadbeenatrueinspirationtomeandchangedthewayIlookatlife.SincemybirthshehasmadeitevidentthatIwouldbecome1,thatIwouldbeoneofthegreatones.ShehastaughtmethatIcandoanythingifIputmy2toit.Asayoungboy,Istruggledtoachievetasksthatcame3tomost.Ihadproblemswriting,readingandespeciallyspeaking.Ididnottalktheway4kidsdidanddidnotrespondtoquestionsorstayalerttomysurroundings.Myreadingwaspoor5withteachershelpingme,andmyspeechwashardto6Mywritingwasnotatthe7itshouldhavebeen.Evensimplethingslikeknowingmyleftfrommyrightorbeingabletosnapmyfingerswere8Mymother9allmychallengesand,asaprofessorwithaPh.D．,decidedto10thesituationearlyinmydevelopment.Shedidnotwantmeto11Afterawhile,12didindeedconqueralltheproblemsthathadtroubledme.Shespenthourseveryday13meeverythingIneededtoknow,determinedtohelpmelearn.14herIwouldnotbeanywhereclosetothelevelIamnow.Inaddition,shegave15formylife.Shetoldmewhattodoandwhatnottodo.Herexpectationshavealwaysbeenhigh16sheknowsthatIcandoit.Forthat,Ithankher.Shewouldnotallowhersontobeincapable.Shenever17onme,andtothisdayshetellsmeeducationisamust.Iwillbea18personifIcontinuetofollowherlead.Sheencouragesmetoworkformy19andattendcollege.Sheusedhergiftsasa20tohelpachild–herchild—andnowIhavetheopportunitytobecomesomething.1、A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing2、A．mind B．brain C．feelings D．work3、A．smoothly B．strongly C．frequently D．easily4、A．average B．ordinary C．normal D．common5、A．just B．even C．ever D．only6、A．hear B．write C．read D．understand7、A．level B．length C．speed D．degree8、A．problems B．excuses C．worries D．duties9、A．suffered B．observed C．removed D．experienced10、A．study B．find C．change D．keep11、A．fight B．strike C．struggle D．challenge12、A．it B．I C．they D．we13、A．teaching B．giving C．supporting D．reminding14、A．Without B．Except C．Besides D．Beyond15、A．information B．advice C．promise D．expectation16、A．before B．though C．because D．unless17、A．setup B．pushedup C．gaveup D．lookedup18、A．rich B．famous C．successful D．powerful19、A．training B．grades C．experiments D．abilities20、A．woman B．doctor C．sister D．teacherSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1WithmorelargesolarfarmsbeingdevelopedinthesunnysouthwesternUnitedStates,researchersandconservationistsalikearebeginningtonoticesurprisingenvironmentaleffects.Whilesolarenergyisknownforitspositiveenvironmentalimpacts,officialsattheNationalFishandWildlifeForensicsLaboratoryhavecometorecognizeoneofitssignificantdownsides:Somespecksofbirdsthatliveclosetolargesolarplants(太阳能板)aredyingoff,includingendangeredbirds.Arecentfederalinvestigationrecovered233birdsthathadbeenkilledasadirectresultofsolarplants.Researchersbelievethatsomeoftheaffectedbirdshavemistakenthelarge,reflectiveareasofthesolarpanelsforbodiesofwater.Thisisaphenomenonreferredtobyscientistsas“lakeeffect.”Thebirdsaredrawntowhattheyassumetobewater.Theyaimfortheareaandslamintothepanelswithgreatforce.Itisthoughtthattheinsectsthatbirdscatfallvictimto“lakeeffect”aswell,leadingthebirdsintothepanels.Researchersfigurethatbetween1,000and28,000birdsarekilledasaresultofharvestingsolarenergy.Thenumberofbirdsaffectedbywindfarmingismuchgreater,rangingfrom140,000to328,000.Coal-firedelectricityhasthelargestnegativeeffectonbirds,killingnearly8millionayear.Thesenumbersmakesolarfarmingseemlikethebestoption.However,conservationistsarequicktopointoutthatareaswheresolarisexpectedtoboombetween2015and2020arehometosomeoftherarestbirdsintheUnitedStates.Thiscouldputspecificbirdspeciesatriskofextinction.ThereexistsastateorderinCaliforniathat20percentofallelectricityofallenergysoldshouldberenewablebytheyear2017.Thishasbeenonedrivingforcebehindtherapiddevelopmentofhugesolarfarms.Theindustry,whichisexpectedtoboomasaresultofthischangetorenewableenergy,isfacingnewlyfiledlawsuits(起诉)byconservationistgroups.TheselawsuitscouldslowdowntheapprovalprocessfortheplannedsolardevelopmentacrosstheSouthwest.1、Whatcanweinferfromparagraph1?A．Solarfarmsrequirealongdevelopmentperiod.B．Mostpeoplewouldbeshockedbythesizeofsolarfarms.C．Solarenergyequipmentlooksstrangetomostpeople.D．Mostpeoplethinkthatsolarenergyisverybeneficial.2、Theunderlinedword“slam”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.A．dashB．breakC．moveD．slide3、Whichofthefollowingbestreflectstheauthor’sviewpoint?A．Usingsolarfarmsisthemostpracticalwaytocreateenergy.B．Morebirdsareendangeredbysolarfarmsthanwindfarming.C．Solarfarmsmaynotbeasfriendlytotheenvironmentasexpected.D．Waysshouldbefoundtoreduce“lakeeffect”causedbysolarfarms.Text2Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocio-economicbackgroundstendtodofesswellintheeducationsystem.Inanattempttohelpthechildrenofpoorfamilies,anationwideprogramcalled“Headstart”wasstartedintheUSin1965.Alotofmoneywaspouredintoit.ItLookchildrenintopre-schoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthemsucceedinschool.Buttheresultshavebeendisappointingbecausetheprogrambegantoolate.Manychildrenwhoentereditatthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeersinlanguageandintelligenceandtheparentswerenotinvolvedintheprocess.Attheendofeachday,“Headstart”childrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantagedhomeenvironment.Toimprovetheresults,anotherprogramwasstartedinMissourithatconcentratedonparentsasthechild’sfirstteachers.Thisprogramwasbasedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamilyisthemosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetthebestpossiblestartinlife.Thefour-yearstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandrepresenteddifferentsocio-economicstatus,ageandfamilystructure.Theprograminvolvedtrainededucatorsvisitingandworkingwiththeparentorparentsandthechild.Theprogramalsogavetheparentssomeguidance,andusefulskillsonchilddevelopment.Atthree,thechildreninvolvedinthe“Missouri”programwereevaluatedwiththechildrenselectedfromthesamesocio-economicbackgroundsandfamilysituations.Theresultswereobvious.Thechildrenintheprogramweremoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopment,problemsolvingandotherintellectualskillsthantheirpeers.Theyperformedequallywellregardlessofsocio-economicbackgroundsorfamilystructure.Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild’sdevelopmentwasthepoorqualityofparent-childinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.The“Missouri”programcomparesquitedistinctlywiththe“Headstart”program.Withoutasimilarfocusofparenteducationandonthevitalimportanceofthefirstthreeyears,someevidenceindicatesthatitwillnotbeenoughtoovercomeeducationunfairness.1、Whatcausedthefailureofthe“Headstart”program?A．Thelargenumberofpoorfamilies.B．Thedisapprovalfromchildren.C．Thelatestartoftheprogram.D．Thelongperiodoftime.2、Whatdoweknowaboutthe“Missouri”program?A．Itfocusedonthechildren’sfirstschoolteachers.B．Ithelpedthechildrenreturntothesamehome.C．Itmadethechildrenimprovedinmanyaspects.D．Itgavetheparentsadviceontheirdevelopment.3、Accordingtothepassage,whatislikelytoinfluencechildrensperformance?A．Thenumberoffamilymembers.B．Theteacher-studentrelationship.C．Theintelligenceoftheirparents.D．Theparent-childcommunication.4、Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A．Bylistingfigures. B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Rypresentingideas. D．Bydrawingconclusions.Text3Oursocietyisgenerallybecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofobedienceandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain–bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellowcompetitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemformabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionendsinahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities–thoseofallloveandofreason–aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.1、By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis______.A．anecessarypartthoughthefunctionofeachisinsignificantB．workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofsocietyC．anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofsocietyD．airreplaceablecomponentofsocietywhenworkingsmoothly2、Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat________.A．theyaremorelikelytolosetheirpresentworkB．theyhavenorealsatisfactionorinterestinlifeC．theyareconfrontedwiththefundamentalrealitiesD．theyaredeprivedofindividualityandindependence3、Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose_______.A．whoalwaysliveatthebottomofthesocietyB．whotendtobehigherupintheirsocialstatusC．whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitorsD．whocoulddipfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld4、Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof_______.A．approval B．dissatisfaction C．suspicion D．sensibilityText4Wanttochooseapicturebooktoenjoy?HerearefourpopularbookssoldonthewebsiteofAmazon,Readandchooseyourfavourite.TheRelativesCamebyCynthiaRylantSomanybeautifulmemoriesarecollectedwhenrelativescometovisit.Joininthefunasafamilygetstogetherforasummertheywillneverforget.Warmandinvitinglanguageaswellaswonderfulpicturesbringsthestoryofthisfamily’ssummerget-togethertolife.AvailablefromAmazon.S11.26JabariJumpsbyGaiaCornwallYouknowthatfeelingwhenyou'reasexcitedasyouarescaredtomakeajump.That'showJabarifeelsabouthisfirstjumpoffthedivingboard.Heknowshowtoswim.Heknowsjumpingoffsurelylooksfun.Butishebraveenoughtomakeajump?Withsomegentleencouragementfromhislovingfather,Jabarijumps.AvailablefromAmazon.$5.56ThereMightBeLobstersbyCarolynCrimiMeetSuki.She'sasmalldogwithabigfearofthebeach.Whenarescueisinorder,Sukisavesthedayprovingthatthere'snothingtofearbutfearitself.Itisaperfectpicturebookforkidswhoareafraidtotrynewexperiences.Itopensthedoortocalmingdialoguesandmessagesofbraveryandvictory.AvailablefromAmazon.$11.84ThreeLittleWordsbyAmyNoveskyDory's"Justkeepswimming!"messageofnevergivingupisperfectforanyonewhohaseverfeltliketheyweredrowning.FollowDorytoanunforgettableadventureasshefindsherwayinthisbeautifuladventureoffriendshipandsurvival.AvailablefromAmazon.$12.061、WhatdoweknowaboutTheRelativesCame?A．Ittellsastoryofadventure.B．Itisthecheapestpicturebook.C．It'saboutaboy'smemories.D．It'saboutafamilyget-together.2、Whichbooktellshowtoovercomefearsbyhelpingothers?A．TheRelativesCame.B．JabariJumps.C．ThereMightBeLobsters.D．ThreeLittleWords.3、WhatdoesthebookbyAmyNoveskyinspireitsreaderstodo?A．Learntoswim.B．Nevergiveup.C．Lovetheirfriends.D．Haveanadventure.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)DearSirorMadam,Ihave1．(recent)readaboutyourorganizationinthelocalnewspaperInmyopinion,youaredoingagreatjobandgivingagreatopportunitytopeoplewithadesiretohelppeople2．(live)inabsolutepovertyIhavejustgraduatedfromthePedagogicalUniversityandgot3．bachelor’sdegree（学士学位）Myauntleftmefifteenthousanddollarsinherwill(遗嘱)andinmemory4．herIhavedecidedtosharemyknowledgeandvolunteertoteachEnglishtopeople5．can’tafforditMoreoverIalsospeakFrenchwellandIonce6．(teach)bothEnglishandFrenchinschoolIt7．(mention)inthearticleofyournewspaperthattheworkofCulturalExpeditionscoverscountriesinAfricaIfitis8．(possibility)IwouldliketoworkinNigeriaforoneyearfromSeptember15thIamsendingmyCV(个人简历)whereyoucanfindalltheinformationaboutmy9．(educate)andreferencesIfyouhaveany10．(question)youcangetintouchwithmebyemailorphonenumberwritteninmyCVIamlookingforwardtoyourreplyYourssincerely,MaryIworkedin1．factorywhenIwasyoungWorkinglongandhard,Itreasuredmylunchbreaks,during2．IcouldreadlotsofcomicbooksSuperman,Batman,SpidermanandIronManweresomeof3．(I)heroesTherewerealwaystwodistinct4．(pattern)inthosebooksFirst,therewasalwaysabattle5．goodandevilThebattlewasalwaystough6．strongthesuperherowas,evilpushedhimtotheverylimitandmosttimesalmost7．(defeat)himSecond,thesuperherowasneverpaidbythesocietySupermanmademoneyasanewspaperreporter;Batman,anindustrialist;Spiderman,aphotographer;IronMan,theownerofStarkIndustries8．ofthemwerepaidforbeingasuperheroandthecontributionstheymadeInotherwords,thoughtheyhaverisked9．(do)everythingforothers,realheroesdon’tgetpaidforthesuperherostuffWecanalldosuperherostuff—volunteeringHelpingsomeoneinneed,ordoinganything10．(benefit)thattakestime,effort,energyorresourcesUseyourpowerswell!SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)HowtopassanimportanttestWhetherit'safirstgradesciencetestorCollegeEntranceExam,alltestshaveonethingincommon:youhavetopass.1、Stuckinasituationwhereyoudon'tknowwhattodo?Thisarticlecanhelp.Tips★1.Onceyougetthestudyguide,makeplansrightawaytostudyassoonaspossible.Noexcuses!Killingtimewithfriendsisn'tworthit，sinceyoucanalwayshangoutwiththemanyotherday.★2.Getplentyofrest.2、Ifyouwalkintotheclassroomsleepily,you'llmostlikelynotfinishthetestbecauseyouaresotired.★3.Eatagoodmealforbreakfast.3、Somehealthybreakfastsuggestionsareoatmeal(燕麦片),highfibrefood,andgrapefruitwiththefreshfruitsalad.★4.Bringallnecessarymaterials.4、Bringpencils,pens,pencilsharpeners,snacks(ifallowed)，erasers,thecalculator(ifallowed)andanythingelseyou'llneedforthetest.★5.5、Showinguplatecutsbackthetimeyou'llhavetotakeforthetestifit'salreadytestinghours.You'llprobablymissanyimportantinformationneededincompletingthetest.Insometests，latecomersarenotallowedtotakethetest.A．Theexamtestsvocabulary,readingandmathsskills.B．Onepieceofcheeseprobablywon'tlastuntiltesttime.C．Don'tforgettosetyouralarmclockandshowuponthetestdayontime.D．Studiesshowthatifyougetenoughsleep,yourbrainwillbemuchmoreefficient.E．Showingupwithoutsomethingassimpleasapencilcanmakeabigeffectonyourtest.F．Failingthetestwon'thelpyouinthelongrun,soit'simportanttoknowhowtopreparetopassthatbigtest.G．Thistestisachallengingoneandeveryyearmanystudentsareunabletoqualifyitjustbecauseoflackofguidance.Whenwatchingasoccergameorbasketballmatch,youmighthear