天津大学硕士研究生英语期末考试试题

ENGLISHFINALEXAMFORMASTERSOFENGINEERNINGNAME__________MAJOR__________STUDENTNO:______________Partone:VocabularyandStructure(20%)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,thereare20incompletesentenceseachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheoneyouthinkisthebestanswer.Markyourchoicetickingthecorrespondingletterbeforethechoice.Thisissue______interestingreadingbecauseittellshowthesepeoplemadetheirmoneyand,indirectly,howthecountryhaschangedovertheyears.A.accountsforB.servesasC.makesforD.makesuseofJaneusedtobeslowinclass,butnowsheis______.A.gettingalongB.gettingaheadC.gettingbyD.gettingabovePaul______meverymuchofaschoolmateIusedtoknowatuniversity. A.remembersB.remindsC.recallsD.recollectsDon’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyare______. A.hatchedB.harvestedC.hurriedD.hastenedSeveralcarmanufactureswill______halfoftheirworkersbecauseofeconomicdifficulty.A.discountB.disposeC.bootD.discloseTheyhad______fundstocoverthecostofthetrip.A.ampleB.luxuryC.sampleD.superbAlllivingthingshavecertain_______thatarepassedonfromonegenerationtothenext.A.cellsB.virusesC.flawsD.attributesShe______hermother’sgoodlooksandherfather’sbadtemper.A.inheritedB.inhabitedC.hinderedD.objectedItisforthisreason______herefusedtotakethejob.A.whyB.whenC.thatD.soWho______thatspokefirstatyesterday’smeeting?A.wasitB.wasC.itwasD.didItwasn’t______personalintereststhattheydidallthis.A.becauseB.onlyC.justD.forHardly______thepeoplerantowardit.A.hadtheplanelandedwhenB.hadtheplanelandedthanC.theplanelandedbeforeD.theplanewaslandingthatNosooner______thanherealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.A.hadthewordsbeenspokenB.thewordshadspokenC.thewordshadbeenspokenD.hadthewordsspokenYou’drathernotdoit,______?A.shouldn’tyouB.wouldn’tyouC.wouldyouD.oughtyouWeneverdaredtoaskhimaquestion,______?A.didweB.doesn’titC.daredweD.daren’twe16.Unlikehackers,whogainunauthorized______tocomputerortelecommunicationsystemsforthechallengeoreventheprincipleofit,crackersdosoformaliciouspurposes.A.password B.entry C.access D.approach17.Therearefourfactoriesinourinstitute,_________over200workers. A.witheach B.eachhaving C.eachhas D.witheachhas18.Byconservative______80%ofhumanitystillcan’tusewrittenlanguageeffectively.A.estimatesB.estimatedC.estimationsD.estimating19.With______herdothis,shewillhavenodifficultypersuadingthemtoacceptherplan.A.myhelpingB.minehelpingC.mehelpingD.Ihelp20.Onlyrarelydopeople’sjobs,spousesandchildren______theseimaginedideals.A.liveuptoB.agreewithC.meetwithD.realizesParttwo:Cloze(10%)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,thereisanincompletepassagewith10blanks.Foreachblankinthepassage,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheoneyouthinkthatcanbestcompletethepassageandmarkyouranswerbytickingthecorrespondingletterbeforethechoice. WhenForbespublisheditsfirstlistin1982,fiveofthetoptenwereintheHuntfamilythatdrilledTexas__1__holesandhitalotofgushers,whichremindsusofadvice__2__billionaireJ.PaulGettyonhowtogetaheadintheworld:riseearly,workhard,strikeoil.Gettygothisbigstartthe__3__way—fromhisfather’smoney.Theoriginallist14yearsagowas__4__Rockefellers,andDuPonts,aFrick,aWhitney,Mellonortwo—allgreatfamilyfortunesthatstretchedbacktothe19thcentury.Theword“inheritance”appearedinthebiographies75times. Thereweren’tasmanyold-moneyfortunesonlastyear’slist—whichleadstosomeconclusionsaboutwealthinAmerica.First,it’snoteasyto__5__money,evenformillionaires.Taxesputabig__6__infamilyfortunes,andunlesstheheirsarecarefulandinvestwisely,theycanlosetheirmillionsasfastastheirancestorsmadethem.Second,theoldwaystorichesaren’tas__7__astheyusedtobe.BesidesthethreeDuPontentries,only43ofthe400entriesonthemostrecentForbeslistrepresentpeoplewhogot__8__throughinheritance.Andonly18inthelatest400madetheirfortunesfromoil,soGetty’squotenolonger__9__astrueasitoncedid.Third,AmericaisstillthelandofopportunitywheresmartyoungpeoplelikeBillGatesofMicrosoftcan__10__ontopofthelistofrichestAmericansaheadoftheRockefellers,Mellons,GettysandCarnegies.plow,farmerscouldhavecarriedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturalimplementsontheirbacks:by1860,mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1990CharlesNewboldofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacast-ironplowandspenthisentirefortuneinintroducinghisinvention.Thefarmers,however,wouldhomenoneofit,claimingthattheironpoisonedthesoilandmadetheweedsgrow.Neverthelessmanypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplow,untilin1869,JamesOliverofSouthBend,Indiana,turnedoutthefirstchilled-steelplow.

6.Theword"here"(Para.1,line.4)refersto______.

A.Europe

B.America

C.NewJersey

D.Indiana

7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

A.ThereedforlaborhelpedtheinventionofmachineryinAmerica.

B.ThefarmerrejectedCharlesNewbold'splowforfearofruinoftheirfield.

C.BothEuropeandAmericahadgreatneedoffarmmachinery.

D.ItwasinIndianathatthefirstchilled-steelplowwasproduced.

8.Thepassageismainlyabout______.

A.theagriculturalrevolution

B.theinventionoflabor-savingmachinery

C.9.Attheopeningofthenineteenth-century,farmersinAmerica______.

A.preferredlighttools

B.wereextremelyself-reliant

C.hadmanyportabletools

D.hadveryfewtools

10.Impliedbutnotstated______.

A.TherewasashortageofworkersonAmericanfarms

B.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow

C.After1869,manypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplow

D.CharlesNewbolthadmadeafortunebyhiscast-ironplow

Passage3Wecanseehowtheproductlifecycleworksbylookingattheintroductionofinstantcoffee.Whenitwasintroduced,mostpeopledidnotlikeitaswellas"regular"coffeeandittookseveralyearstogaingeneralacceptance(introductionstage).Atonepoint,though,instantcoffeegrewrapidlyinpopularityandmanybrandswereintroduced(stageofrapidgrowth).Afterawhilepeoplebecameattachedtoonebrandandsalesleveledoff(stageofmaturity).Saleswentintoaslightdeclinewhenfreeze-driedcoffeeswereintroduced(stageofdecline).Theimportanceoftheproductlifecycletomarketersisthis:Differentstagesintheproductlifecyclecallfordifferentstrategies.Thegoalistoextendproductlifesothatsalesandprofitsdonotdecline.Onestrategyiscalledmarketmodification.Itmeansthatmarketingmanagerslookfornewusersandmarketsections.Didyouknow,forexample,thatthebackpacksthatsomanystudentscarrytodaywereoriginallydesignedforthemilitary?Marketmodificationalsomeanssearchingforincreasedusageamongpresentcustomersorgoingforadifferentmarket,suchasseniorcitizens.Amarketermayre-positiontheproducttoappealtonewmarketsections.Anotherproductextensionstrategyiscalledproductmodification.Itinvolveschangingproductquality,features,orstyletoattractnewusersormoreusagefrompresentusers.Americanautomanufacturersareusingqualityimprovementasonewaytorecaptureworldmarkets.Note,also,howautomanufacturersoncechangedstylesdramaticallyfromyeartoyeartokeepdemandfromfalling.11.Accordingtothepassage,whenpeoplegrowfondofoneparticularbrandofaproduct,itssaleswill______.A.decreasegraduallyB.becomeunstableC.improveenormouslyD.remainatthesamelevel12.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthatanewproductis______.A.usuallyintroducedtosatisfydifferenttastesB.oftenmoreexpensivethanoldonesC.ofteninferiortooldonesatfirstD.noteasilyacceptedbythepublic13.Marketersneedtoknowwhichofthefourstagesaproductisinsoasto______.A.workoutmarketingpoliciesB.increaseitspopularityC.promoteitsproductionD.speedupitslifecycle14.Theauthormentionstheexampleof"backpacks"(Line4,Para.2)toshowtheimportanceof______.A.increasingusageamongstudentsB.exploringnewmarketsectionsC.pleasingtheyoungaswellastheoldD.servingbothmilitaryandcivilneeds15.Inordertorecovertheirshareoftheworldmarket,U.S.automakersare______.A.improvingproductqualityB.re-positioningtheirproductinthemarketC.modernizingproductstyleD.increasingproductfeaturesPartfour:TranslationSectionA:(15%)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,thereare5sentencesfromyourtextbook.TranslatethesentencesintoChineseandwriteyourChineseversionsofthesentencesinthespaceprovidedbelow.Engineersshouldbecuriousaboutthe“how”and“why”ofnaturalandmechanicalthingsandcreativeinfindingnewwaysofdoingthings,abletoanalyzeproblemssystematicallyandlogicallyandtocommunicatewell,andwillingtoworkwithinstrictbudgetsandmeettightdeadlines.Iacquiredaverystrongworkethicfrommyparen