【中学英语】语法专题 特殊句式

语法专项

特殊句式

整理ppt

考点一倒装

㈠全部倒装

1.

表示时间(now,then)或地点（方位）的副词(here,there,up,down,in,out,away,off)或介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。注：在全部倒装句中，谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动词(如go,come，run，rush，fly)或系动词be,通常用一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用进行时、将来时或完成时态。

例1Atthefootofthemountain____.(06年四川卷)

A.avillagelie B.liesavillage

C.doesavillagelie D.lyingavillage

B整理ppt例2Justinfrontofourhouse____withahistoryof1,000years.(06年上海卷)

A.doesatalltreestandB.standsatalltree

C.atalltreeisstandingD.atalltreestands

2.代词such放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be。

SuchwasAlbertEinstein，asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist．Sucharethefacts；noonecandenythem．B整理ppt3.分词与表示地点的副词或介词短语一起放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be，主语是名词。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedaboutl7．Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.注：全部倒装可用于定语从句中。Hesuddenlyfoundhimselfstandingatthefootofahill，ontopofwhichstoodanoldtemple．Thelittleboysatbyahouse,infrontof_______(be)sometrees.（2009天津）whichwere整理ppt

㈡部分倒装1.将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类状语有：not,never,barely,seldom,rarely,little,nowhere,atnotime,bynomeans,nolonger,hardly/scarcely….when…,nosooner…than…,notonly…but(also)…,notuntil…,neither…nor…等。

△但neither…nor…引导两个分句时，这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。NeitherdoIknowheraddress，nordoeshe．整理ppt

例3I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans____withmyprogress.(06年重庆卷)

A.theteacherisnotsatisfied B.istheteachernotsatisfied

C.theteacherissatisfied D.istheteachersatisfied

例4—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?

—No,nosooner____thanithappened.(06年天津卷)

A.hadshegone B.shehadgoneC.hasshegone D.shehasgone

DA整理ppt例5Notonly____interestedinfootballbut____beginningtoshowaninterestinit.(02年上海卷)

A.theteacherhimselfis;allhisstudentsare

B.theteacherhimselfis;areallhisstudents

C.istheteacherhimself;areallhisstudents

D.istheteacherhimself;allhisstudentsare

D整理ppt

2.only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装

例6Onlythen____howmuchdamagehadbeencaused?(06年陕西卷)

A.sherealizedB.shehadrealized

C.hadsherealizedD.didsherealize

D整理ppt

例7Sodifficult____ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.(06年广东卷)

A.Ididfind B.didIfindC.Ihavefound D.haveIfound

Insuchahurry___hisofficethatheforgottolockthedoor. A.didheleave B.heleft C.hehadleft D.hasheleft

3.so/such…that…结构中的so,such连同它所修饰的成分位于句首表示强调时,主句要进行部分倒装

BA整理ppt

4.so／neither／nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时用倒装结构“so／neither／nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”（so表示肯定意义；neither／nor表示否定意义）例8──It’sburninghottoday,isn’tit?

──Yes.____yesterday.(06年福建卷)

A.Sowasit B.Soitwas C.Soitis D.Soisit

A整理ppt例9—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible.

—____.(04年全国卷Ⅲ)

A.NoramI B.NeitherwouldIC.Samewithme D.SodoI

B整理ppt如果so表示强调，即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时，其结构则是“so＋主语＋助动词／系动词／情态动词”的形式，表示“某人或某事的确如此”。如：

例10──Well，Idothinktherabbitisabeautiful,gentleanimalwhichcanrunveryfast.(05年辽宁卷)

──_____.

A.SoitisB.SoisitC.SodoesitD.Soitdoes

A整理ppt

5.虚拟语气条件状语从句的倒装

在虚拟语气条件句中含有were,had,should等助动词时，可以将if省略，把助动词放在条件状语从句的句首。例11_______fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.(06年湖北卷)

A.Wouldyoube B.ShouldyoubeC.Couldyoube D.Mightyoube

B整理ppt

例12______forthefreeticket,Iwouldnothavegonetoseethefilm.(95年上海卷)

A.Ifitisnot B.WereitnotC.Haditnotbeen D.Iftheywerenot

C整理ppt

6.as/though引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。

即as/though引导的让步从句中必须将表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前），构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词原形+as/though+主语+谓语部分”的形式。

例13______,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritessingersafterclass.(05年重庆卷)

A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.Quietstudentashemaybe

C.BeaquietstudentashemaybeD.Quietashemaybeastudent

B整理ppt例14______,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho’sascapableasJohn.(01年上海卷)

A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuch

C.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetraveledsomuch

C整理ppt

使用as/though进行倒装时需要注意的是：

①句首有名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。

②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如:

Tryhard

ashewill/Try

ashemight,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.

虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。

整理ppt1.(1997全国卷)_______,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.Howeverlateishe B.HoweverheislateB.Howeverishelate D.Howeverlateheis2.(2004上海春季)________,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing3.(2004湖北卷)Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleep_____muchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whateverDCA7.however/nomatterhow整理ppt4.(2005天津)Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_______difficultitwas.A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverD.althoughAhowever倒装的结构为：

however/nomatterhow+adj./adv.+主语+谓语

however/nomatterhow+adj.+a+n.+主语+谓语

however/nomatterhow+many/much+n.+主语+谓语例如：Nomatterhowdifficulttheproblemis,wemustmanagetosolveit.无论问题有多么困难，我们都必须设法解决。整理pptExercises:1.AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver___,oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.A.liesChongqing B.ChongqingliesC.doeslieChongqingD.doesChongqinglie2.Notuntilhelefthishome___toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.A.didhebegin B.hadhebegunC.hebegan D.hehadbegun3.Welaughatjokes,butseldom___abouthowtheywork.A.wethink B.thinkweC.wedothink D.dowethinkAAD整理ppt

4.Johnopenedthedoor.There___hehadneverseenbefore.A.agirldidstand B.agirlstoodC.didagirlstand D.stoodagirlD整理ppt考点二强调1．强调句型①强调句型的陈述句形式：Itis／was+被强调部分+that／who…

Itislwhoamtoblame．

Itiswhatheusedtodothatreallymatters．

Itwasthemanwhowasdressedinblackthathelpedtocatchthethief.Itwasbecausehermotherwasillthatshedidn’tgotowork.整理ppt②

强调句型的一般疑问句注：这时that／who从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语序。

IsitProfessorWangthat／whoteachesyouEnglish?Wasitin1786thatthemodernOlympicGamesstarted?

△强调句型可用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序要用陈述语序。如：Iwonderif/whetheritisProfessorWangthatteachesyouEnglish．整理ppt③

强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：疑问词+is／wasitthat…?

注：这时that／who从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语序。

Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?

Whenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?

Whyisitthatsmokingisnotallowedhere?

△强调句型可用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序的变化。如：

Idon’tunderstandwhyitisthatsmokingisnotallowedhere．整理ppt④

强调句型用于强调not…until…句型形式：Itis／wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that…注：这时that／who从句中的谓语动词形式有变化。

Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewenttobed．⑤

变式强调句型：变式①Itmust／may／might

be…that…

变式②Itmust／may／mighthave

been…that…

变式③Itcan’t／couldn’t

be…that…

变式④Can／Couldit

be…that…?Itmightbehisfatherthatyou’rethinkingof．

CoulditbeTomthatismakingthenoise?整理ppt⑥较复杂的强调句

Isitinthefactory＿youvisitedlastweek＿＿thiskindofcarismade? A./;that B.where;when C.where;that D.／;whenItistheprotectionforthetrees＿＿＿＿reallymattersratherthanhowmanytreesareplanted. A.what B.that

C.／ D.whichItistheabilitytodothejob____matters,notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.

A.one B.that C.what D.itItisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo___benefitsourworkmost.A.who B.which C.that D.what

ACBB整理ppt⑦

强调句型与状语从句、定语从句的区别判断是否是强调句型，可先把itis／was和that去掉，如果剩下的部分无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完整的句子，那么就是强调句型，否则就不是。

ItwasonJanuary1thatlpaidavisittomyIfriendJennifer．

ItwasJanuary1whenIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer．

ItwasinthiscavethatChairmanMaoworkedwithhiscomradesforages．

ItwasthiscavewhereChairmanMaoworkedwithhiscomradesforages．整理ppt2.谓语动词的强调 强调谓语动词时，要用助动词do，does或did。但谓语动词必须是实义动词，且只能是一般现在时和一般过去时。

Ifyoudostay，letmeknow．

Hedidwritetoyoulastweek．另外，do还可用于对祈使句的强调。

Docomethisevening．整理ppt考点三therebe句式1．therebe句型是一种特殊句式，表示“在什么地方有什么人或事物”。在此句式中，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。

Thereisatalltreeandchairsinfrontoftheclassroom．2．therebe句式中的be可以有不同的时态，而且可以和助动词或情态动词连用。Therehavebeenmanygreatchangesinourcountrysincethen．Theremustbeamistakesomewhere．整理ppt3.therebe句式中的be有时可用seemtobe，appeartobe,happentobe,usedtobe,havetobe,beexpectedtobe等替代。Therehappenedtobeamanwalkingby．Thereisexpectedtobeanannouncementabouttheprojectnextweek．4．therebe句式中的be可用remain，live，stand,lie,exist等不及物动词替代,表示存在。

Oncetherelivedakingwhocaredmoreaboutnewclothesthananythingelse．

Nooneknowsexactlyifthereexistotherlivingthingsintheuniverse．整理ppt5.therebe句式有时可用于非谓语动词中，用两种形式：therebeing和theretobe。①therebeing在句中通常用于独立主格结构作原因状语或用在介词或某些动词后作宾语。

Therebeingnofurtherbusiness，ldeclaredthemeetingclosed．

What’sthechanceoftherebeinganelectionthisyear?Ican’timaginetherebeingsuchaquietplacehere．②theretobe在句中通常作某些动词的宾语。

ldon’twanttheretobeanotherconflict．Thestudentsexpectedtheretobemorereviewing classesbeforethefinalexams．整理ppt6．用于组成特殊句式①Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doing…“做某事没用或没有意义”Thereisnopointinworryingaboutit.②Thereisnoneedfor…/todo…“没有必要…”Thereisnoneedtohurry.Wehaveenoughtime.③Thereisnodoubtabout…/that…“毫无疑问……”Thereisnodoubtthatshehastoldthetruth.整理ppt考点四祈使句1.祈使句的否定式是在前面加don’t或never. Don’tbesosure./Nevercomelateagain.2.祈使句可带主语①为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出要求或发出指令，可加上主语“you”,或同时加上称呼语。

Tom,youwatertheflowers!②命令或吩咐几个人分别做几件事时，祈使句需要带主语“you”.You,girls,cleanthedesks;you,boys,sweepthefloor.整理ppt③表达“不高兴、厌烦”等情绪时，可带主语“you”. Youmindyouownbusiness!④祈使句的主语还可用“everyone;everybody;someone;somebody;nobody”或第三人称。

Someoneanswerthephone!谁去接一下电话！⑤构成句式：祈使句+and/or(else)/otherwise+陈述句该祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句。有时祈使句可省略动词，用一个名词或名词短语来代替。

Goaway,orIwillcallthepolice. Onemoreweek,andwewillaccomplishthework. Anotherstepfurther,andI’llshoot.整理ppt考点五反意疑问句1.简单句的反意疑问句everyone/everybody;someonesomebody;noone/nobody;none等表示人的不定代词作主语时，反意疑问句的主语多用they,有时可用he;当主语是everything;anything;something;nothing等时，反意疑问句的主语用it. NobodycamewhenIwasout,didthey? Everythinghasgonewrongtoday,hasn’tit?2.祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句的反意疑问句在句末加“willyou”;以let’s和letus开头的祈使句，分别用shallwe

和willyou. Remembertocomeandjoinus,willyou? Don’tmakeanynoise,willyou?整理pptLet’sgetdowntowork,_______?Letuscalmdown,_______?3.情态动词表示推测时的反意疑问句①“情态动词+be”的反意疑问句的动词常用am/is/are.Youmustbeveryupset,aren’tyou?②“情态动词+havedone”反意疑问句的动词a.句中有表示过去的时间状语，且过去分词是实义动词，反意疑问句的动词常用didn’t;b.句中有表示过去的时间状语，且过去分词是been，反意疑问句的动词常用wasn’t/weren’t;c.句中没有时间状语，反意疑问句的动词常用haven’t/hasn’t。shallwewillyou整理pptThechildrenmusthavewateredthetomatoesyesterday,__________?TheministermusthavearrivedinShanghai,______?Theymusthavebeenverytiredyesterday,_______?4.复合句的反意疑问句①在主从复合句中，反意疑问句部分的代词和动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。ThisisthesecondtimethathehasbeentoJapan,______?isn’titweren’ttheyhasn’thedidn’tthey整理ppt②在I/We(don’t)think(believe;suppose;imagine;expect)+宾语从句中，反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致，并要注意否定转移。

Ithinkyouhaveheardofhimbefore,_______? Idon’tthinkyouhaveheardofhimbefore,_______?5.反意疑问句的回答对于反意疑问句的回答，如事实是肯定的，就用yes;如事实是否定的，则用no.如陈述句是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式，回答时yes或no正好与汉语意义相反。—Hissisterdidn’tattendthemeeting,______?—Yes,shedid./No,shedidn’t.didshehaveyouhaven’tyou整理ppt考点六感叹句What+a(n)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语！What+adj.+n.(不可数名词或名词复数)+主语+谓语！How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语！How+adj.+a(n)+n.+主语+谓语！How+主语+谓语！____fineweatherwearehavingtoday!____adifficultproblemitis!____difficultaproblemitis!____thetimeflies!WhatWhatHowHow整理ppt考点七省略1.省略主语 —Whataboutgoingoutforawalk? —(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—___(lose)hernewbicycle(madehersoupset).3.省略宾语—IsMr.Smithinhisoffice?—Sorry,Idon’tknow(whetherheisornot).4.省略主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分—Whatdoeshewanttoeat?—(Hewants)Somericeandvegetables.Losing整理ppt5.动词及动词短语的省略在同一句或紧密相连的句子中，为避免重复，省略相同的动词及动词短语，只保留to.否定式是notto.如果不定式中含有be，have，havebeen时，这些词也可保留。①

Ihaven’tbeentoHongKong，butlwant____．②Heisnolongerwhatheused________.③

—Ididn’ttellhimthenews．

—Oh,youought_________．④

—Hewasn’ttoldaboutthenews．

—Oh,heought____________．⑤Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.tonottotohavebeentohavetobe整理ppt6.并列句中的省略在并列句中，后面分句中可以省略与前句相同的成分。

Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and____________. A