白银市2023年考研《英语一》临考冲刺试卷含解析_第1页
白银市2023年考研《英语一》临考冲刺试卷含解析_第2页
白银市2023年考研《英语一》临考冲刺试卷含解析_第3页
白银市2023年考研《英语一》临考冲刺试卷含解析_第4页
白银市2023年考研《英语一》临考冲刺试卷含解析_第5页
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白银市2023年考研《英语一》临考冲刺试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thejobofraisingchildrenisatoughone.Childrendon'tcomewithaninstructionmanual(说明书).Andeachchildis1.Soparentssometimespulltheirhairoutinfrustration,not2whattodo.Butinraisingchildren,whatwedois3byourculture.Naturallythen,AmericanparentsteachtheirchildrenbasicAmerican4.ToAmericans,thegoalofparentsistohelpchildren5ontheirownfeet.From6,eachchildmaygethisorherownroom.Aschildrengrow,theygetmore7tomaketheirownchoices.8choosetheirownformsofentertainment,aswellasthefriendsto9themwith.Whenthey10youngadulthood,theychoosetheirownjobsandmarriage11.Ofcourse,manyyoungadultsstill12theirparents’adviceandapprovalforthechoicestheymake.Butoncethey“leavethe13”ataround18to21yearsold,theywanttobeontheirown,not14totheirmothers'apronstrings(围裙带).TherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildreninAmericaisveryinformal.Americanparents15theirchildrenasindividuals—notasextensionsofthemselves.They16themtoachievetheirowndreams.Americanspraise,encourageandgivetheirchildrenthe17tosucceed.Whenchildrenbecomeadults,theirparentsbecomesmorelike18.But19topopularbelief,mostadultAmericansdon'tmaketheirparentspayforroomandboardwhentheirparentscometo20them.Evenasadults,theyrespectandhonortheirparents.1、A.strangeB.newC.differentD.unlike2、A.noticingB.knowingC.rememberingD.deciding3、A.changedB.madeC.controlledD.influenced4、A.valuesB.standardsC.lawsD.services5、A.sitB.getC.standD.rise6、A.childhoodB.girlhoodC.boyhoodD.adulthood7、A.moneyB.spaceC.timeD.freedom8、A.AdultsB.AmericansC.TeenagersD.Parents9、A.helpB.shareC.joinD.provide10、A.gainB.passC.becomeD.reach11、A.partnersB.wivesC.husbandsD.couples12、A.inviteB.seekC.tryD.choose13、A.nestB.houseC.roomD.place14、A.connectedB.tiedC.stuckD.held15、A.lookB.recognizeC.thinkD.view16、A.hopeB.suggestC.commandD.allow17、A.powerB.trustC.confidenceD.energy18、A.friendsB.companionsC.membersD.companies19、A.knownB.contraryC.similarD.due20、A.noticeB.watchC.visitD.observeSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Itisimportanttoprotectyourselffromharmfulrays.Butifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreenkeepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek’sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan’tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas–theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1.101whodidn’thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection–nosunscreen–seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit’snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.Manypeoplealsodon’tusesunscreenproperlyapplyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying–recentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,usesunscreenandslaponahat.1、What’speople’scommonexpectationofhigh-factorsunscreen?A.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.B.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothadfair.C.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.D.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.2、Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.Sunscreencanpreventallkindsofskincancers.B.Thestudiesarebasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.C.Thestudiesmayhelppeopleselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.3、Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinordertoreducemelanomarates?A.Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.B.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.C.Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.D.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NoWaytoStopHarmfulRays!B.DoesSunscreenPreventSkinCancer?C.DidYouUseSunscreenIntheRightWay?D.SkinCancer-TheBiggestThreattoHumanBeings!Text2Somecolorspeopleseelateatnightcouldcausesignsofclinical(临床的)depression(沮丧).Thatwasthefindingofastudythatbuildsonearlierstudyfindings.Theyshowthatindividuals(个人)wholiveorworkinlowlevelsoflightovernight(整夜)candevelopclinicaldepression.Doctorsusetheword“clinicaldepression”todescribesevereformofdepression.Signsmayincludelossofinterestorpleasureinmostactivities,lowenergylevelsandthoughtsofdeathorsuicide.Inthenewstudy,Americaninvestigatorsdesignedanexperimentthatexposedhamsters(仓鼠)todifferentcolors.Theresearcherschosehamstersbecausetheyarenocturnal,whichmeanstheysleepduringthedayandareactiveatnight.Theanimalswereseparatedintofourgroups.Onegroupofhamsterswaskeptinthedarkduringtheirnight-timeperiod.Anothergroupwasplacedinfrontofabluelight,athirdgroupsleptinfrontofawhitelight,whileafourthwasputinfrontofaredlight.Afterfourweeks,theresearchersnotedhowmuchsugarywaterthehamstersdrank.Theyfoundthatthemostdepressedanimalsdranktheleastamountofwater.RandyNelsonheadstheDepartmentofNeuroscienceatOhioStateUniversity.Hesaysanimalsthatsleptinblueandwhitelightappearedtobethemostdepressed.“Whatwesawisthattheseanimalsdidn’tshowanysleepuneasiness(不安)atallbuttheydidmessupbiologicalclockgenesandtheydidshowdepressivesignwhileiftheywereinthedim(微弱)redlight,theydidnot.”RandyNelsonnotesthatphotosensitive(感光)cellsintheeyeshavelittletodowitheyesight.Hesaysthesecellssendsignalstotheareaofthebrainthatcontrolswhathasbeencalledthenaturalsleep-wakecycle.Hesaysthere’salotofblueinwhitelight.Thisexplainswhythebluelightandwhitelighthamstersappeartobemoredepressedthanthehamstersseeingredlightordarkness.1、Researchersusehamstersintheexperimentbecause__________.A.theyaresimilartohumansindealingwithcolorsB.theyareeasytoobserveandstudyC.theyaresensitivetocolorslikehumanbeingsD.theyareactiveatnightandsleepduringtheday2、Whatsignshowsthatthehamstersarebeingdepressed?A.Theydrinklesssugarywater.B.Theydon’tsleepwell.C.Theireyesightbecomesworse.D.Theirenergylevelbecomeslow.3、__________tendstocausehamsterstobedepressed.A.Dimlight B.RedlightC.Bluelight D.Darkness4、Whatcanhelppeoplewhoworklateatnighttoavoidbeingdepressed?A.Notbeingexposedtodimredlightwhenusingcomputers.B.Equippingtheircomputerscreenstoputitmoreinthereddishlight.C.Livingorworkinginlowlevelsoflightovernight.D.Goingtoseedoctorsofclinicaldepressionregularlyforhelp.Text3Chinaplanstolaunch156smallsatellitesby2025toprovideInternetservicesinlowsignalareasandplaceswithadversenaturalenvironment,accordingtoChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorporation(CASIC).Duetoenvironmentalconditionsofdeserts,mountainsandseas,halfoftheworld'spopulationhasnoaccesstotheInternet,andtheinformationdeficiencyhamperslocaldevelopment.ItwillbeChina'sfirstbroadbandInternetaccesssystemwithsmallsatelliteshoveringinloworbit,whichwillalsohelpmeettheneedsofcommercialspacedevelopment.Theproject,namedHongyun,planstosendthefirstsatelliteby2012,andlaunchfourmoreby2020.Bytheendof2025,CASICplanstohaveallofthe156satellitesinoperation.TheHongyunProiect,whichfocusesoncommunication,remotesensingandnavigation,canoffercommunicationandInternetservicesforChinaandless-developed3countrieswithreducedlatency.Meanwhile,theprojectcanalsobenefitemergencycommunication,sensordatacollectionandremotecontrolofunmannedequipment.Currently,internationalmaritimesatellitesarewidelyusedincommunicationsinmountainousareasandairplanes,butthosesatellites,36,000kilometersabovetheEarth,havetimeandsignaldelayaswellashighcostforprovidingservices.ThesmallsatellitessentbytheHongyunProjectwillhoverinloworbitsonlyhundredsofkilometersto1,000kilometersabovetheEarth,andthuscouldimprovetheInternetaccess.However,theloworbitsatellitesmayfacechallengesinpowersupply,astheyneedmoreenergytoreducetheinfluenceofair-resistancecomparedtohighorbitsatellites.Experimentsareneededtodeterminewhethersolarenergyaloneisenough.1、Accordingtothepassage,________________.A.156satelliteswillbelaunchedbytheHongyunProjectby2020B.internationalmaritimesatellitescancausesignaldelayC.TheHongyunProjectmaynotencouragecommercialspacedevelopmentD.loworbitsatellitesarecurrentlyusedwidelyincommunicationsinmountainousareas2、Theunderlinedword“hampers”inParagraph2probablyrefersto________.A.accelerates B.determinesC.prevents D.promotes3、WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedintheHongyunProject?A.CommunicationandNavigation. B.Remotesensing.C.Datacollection. D.Solarenergy.4、Loworbitsatellitesneedmoreenergyinorderto________.A.providemoreaccuratedata B.improvetheInternetaccessC.reducetheeffectofair-resistance D.facemorechallengesText4I’dhavetosaythattheschemestoreducestaffabsenceandincreasepunctuality(准时)havebeenabigsuccess.We’veseenthatstaffattendancelevelshaveincreasedfrom88%to93%,andlevelsofpunctualityhaveincreasedfrom79%to91%,whichisfantastic.Andthenumberofdaysthatstaffhavetakenoffforsicknesshasdroppedfromanaverageofninedaysperyeartojustfive.Therehasalsobeenageneralincreaseinmotivationatwork,andwe’veseenoutputincreasebyatleast16%sincethistimelastyear.So,whathavewebeendoingtoimprovethings?Well,forastart,we’vebeenintroducingaschemesothatemployeesgetbonusesifcompanyproductiontargetsandsalesfiguresaremet.Andifthingscarryonastheyare,allemployeeswillhavereceivedabonusbytheendofnextmonth.We’vealsointroducedasystemwherebyemployeesandmanagementsetpersonaltargets.Then,theindividualemployeereceivesabonusifthesetargetsaremet.Andtohelpwithpunctuality,we’veinstalledanewsystemthatrecordsexactlywhattimepeoplearegettinginandleavingtheoffice.Thishashelpedimprovepunctualityratessubstantially.Anotherinitiativehasbeentheinstallationofagamesroomforemployeestouseduringmid-morningandlunchbreaks.We’vefoundthatit’sagreatwaytomotivatestaff,givingthemtimetorelax.Aspartofthis,we’veboughtapingpongtable,abasketballhoopandadartsboard.Andbynextweek,thetwotable-footballtablesthatweorderedlastmonthwillhavearrived.Sinceopeningthegamesroom,staffhavebeenusingitconstantly,especiallythebedsthatweboughttoallowstafftohaveashortnapduringtheday.Alongsimilarlines,we’vealsoorganizedanumberofteambuildingexcursions.1、WhydoestheauthorlistsomefiguresinParagraphOne?A.ToprovetheplansworkwellB.ToshowemployeestobemorepunctualC.TopresenttheproductiongrowsobviouslyD.Toprovetheincreaseofworkers’attendance2、Whathavetheydonetohelpwithpunctuality?A.They’vesetpersonaltargetsB.They’veweakeneddemandsonemployeesC.They’veintroducedaschemetogiveemployeesbonusesD.They’verecordedworkers’comingandleavingbyanewsystem3、Whathasbeenmostpopularinthegamesroom?A.ApingpongtableB.AdartsboardC.AbasketballhoopD.Anapbed4、Asreaders,whomaybenefitmostfromthisarticle?A.StudentsB.ManagersC.TeachersD.FarmersPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)AlexanderGrahamBellwasaninfluentialscientist,engineerand1.(invent)HewasbornonMarch3,1847inEdinburgh,ScotlandHeiswidelycreditedwiththeinventionofthefirsttelephoneBell’smotherandwife2.(be)bothdeaf,whichhadaneffect3.hisworkWhenhewas23,BellandhisparentsmovedtoCanadaBellstudiedthehumanvoiceandworkedwithdifferentschoolsfor4.deafHeexperimentedwithsound,workingwithsound,workingwithequipmentusedtosenddifferent5.(message)andrecordsoundHeworkedonacoustictelegraphy(声报机)withanelectricaldesigner6.(name)ThomasWatsonOnFebruary14,1876,BellandElishaGray,anAmericanelectricalengineer,bothfiledpatents(申请专利)coveringthetransmission(传送)ofsoundstelegraphicallyFinally,Bell7.(give)thepatentAfewdays8.(late),hesucceededin9.(get)histelephonetoworkBellimprovedthedesignandby1886morethan150,000peopleownedtelephonesintheUnitedStatesHeoncesaid,“Thedaywillcomewhenthemanatthetelephonewillbeabletoseethedistantpersonto10.heisspeaking”JohnnyCarsonbeganhiscareerintelevisioninhis1.(twenty)FirstheworkedatlocalstationsinNebraskaSeveralyears2.(late),hemovedtoLosAngeles,CaliforniaItwas“TheTonightShow”3.madeJohnnyCarsonfamousforthirtyyearsHebecame4.mostpopularstarofAmericantelevisionHe5.(call)“thekingoflatenight”Critics(评论家)saidAmericansfromallpartsofthecountrylikedhimand6.(feel)theyknewhimHedidnottakehisfame7.(serious)Carson’sspecialskillwashissenseofhumorAudienceslaughedathisjokes8.hemadeatthebeginningofhisshowHowever,sometimestheylaughedeven9.(hard)atthejokesthatfailedHewasthemostpowerfulperformerontelevisionManycomediansandsingersbecamesuccessfulafter10.(appear)on“TheTonightShow”SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Commonpublicspeakingproblems1.Theuseof“Ifeel”,“Ithink”and“maybe”Inthequestion-and–answersessionofthespeakingcompetition,manycontestantsbegantheiranswerswithuncertainexpressionslike“Ifeel”,“Ihear”,“maybe”and“perhaps”.Thesewordsshowthatthepersonisonlyspeakingfromhisorherpointofview.1、Workonkeepingyouranswersbriefandtothepoint.Alsoworkondeliveringthemwithcalmnessandconfidence.Insteadoftheempty-sounding“Iguess”,usingfacts,togetherwithaclearconclusionbasedonthosefacts,isfarmorelikelytobepopularwithanaudience.2.2、Don'tsticktothesametone.Itcanbeboring.Trytomixitup.Forexample,whentheyspokeabouttheirdreams,somesoundedromantic.Othersusedhumor.Veryfewusedseveraldifferentstylestighter.3、,ratherthanjuststickingwiththesameone.3.Irresponsibleanswers4、

.you'reresponsibleforyourwords.Eventhoughyouwanttoanswerquickly,youdon'twanttosoundfoolish.Soyoushouldthinktwicebeforeyoutalk.Don'tbelikethestudentwho,whenaskedabouthisopiniononbookpiracy(盗版),startedbysayinghesupportedit.4.TalkingaroundthetopicratherthandirectlyansweringitYoushouldfocusononepointandgiveaclearsolution.5、.isitaskingyoutodiscussacertaintopicortopresentyourownpointofview?Useoneortwoargumentstogetherandgiveastrongconclusion.Rememberthatjudgesarenotjudgingyouonwhethertheyagree,butonyourabilitytosaywhatyouthinkclearly.A.Trymixingmorethanonestyle.B.Improvingyourcommunicationskill.C.UsingonlyonespeakingstyleD.It'simportanttoinvolveyouraudience.E.Publicspeakingisdifferentfrompersonalconversations.F.ThekeyistoworkoutwhatquestionisbeingaskedG.Tothejudgesandaudience,thislacksthesupportoffactsandseemsnottobereliable.Runnersneedtomove15percentfasteronatreadmill(跑步机)toburnthesamenumberofcaloriesasjoggingoutdoors,researchreveals.Researchersfoundrunningontreadmillssignificantlyreducestheamountofoxygenjoggersuse.1、Theexperimentprocedure.ResearchersfromMilanUniversityanalysedthedifferencebetweenrunningoutdoorsandonatreadmillin15physicallyfitmaleswithanaverageageof21.2、.Anditwasfollowedby30secondsofrecoveryforatotalof15

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