宾语从句和定语从句讲解

宾语从句和定语从句讲解（一）that引导的宾语从句宾语从句的引导连词有that,who,whose,what,which,副词when,where,how,why,whether,if可以跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say,think,wish,hope,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree.1、在学习宾语从句的时候要知道宾语从句的构成Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.主语谓语动词引导词一个句子作宾语2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句的时态要呼应（a）当主句用一般现在时，从句要根据实际情况，选择时态例如：Ibelieve（that）youdidyourbestforthat.Ibelieve（that）youwilldoyourbestforthat.(b)当主句的时态用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态（过去时代包括，过去进行时，一般过去时，过去将来时，过去完成时等过去时态）例如：Ihearthathewillcomeherelateron.Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.(c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态，但是从句的内容是对客观事情的叙述，从句依然用一般现在时态。例如：Myteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.That引导的定语从句和that引导的宾语从句的区别定语从句在句中作主句的定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。我们今天要学习的时由关系代词that来引导的定语从句一，that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行词是人或者物时，可以用that来引导如：Haveyouseenthewomanthatiswearingredcoat?Hefoundthegirlthatwe’relookingfor.Pleaseshowmethephotothatyoulikebest.关系代词that在从句中可充当主语或者是宾语，在当关系代词在句中充当定语从句的宾语时，常常省略。Hefoundthegirl（that）wearelookingfor.1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.__________________________________________________________2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.__________________________________________________________3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.__________________________________________________________4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.__________________________________________________________5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.__________________________________________________________6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.__________________________________________________________7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.__________________________________________________________That引导的宾语从句HepromisedthathewouldnevermakethatmistakeagainWeallbelievethepromisethathemadetous宾语从句中that为连词，不充当任何成分，可以省略定语从句中that为关系代词，充当从句的主语或者是宾语,充当宾语时可以省略选择填空：1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.A.that B.which C.whom D.when2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whose B.that C.whom D.which3.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.A.which B.that C.whom D.as4.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?A.when B.where C.which D./5.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingto D.whothenurseistalking6.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhim C.youshowedD.whereyoushowed7.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?A.that B.whom C.when D.whose8.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim. A.that,what B.what,that C.which,what D.that,which9Hefound____thebook____isaboutAustraliaisveryinterestingAwhat,whenBthat,whereCthat,/D/,that10Iamveryhappy____IwaschosentorepresentourschooltotakepartinthecompetitionA.whatBwhyCwhichDthat注意！宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。whether或if引导的宾语从句主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg,Iwonderif/whetheryouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。a.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用ifeg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepicnic.b.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether.eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?c.if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g.Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?特殊情况当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋doyouthink＋陈述句语序。人称的变化和标点的使用从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber？”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon‟tknow.→Idon‟tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives巩固练习1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave2.Canyoutellme_________?A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives3.Theoldmanaskedme________.二，定语从句定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom.例：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1,只能使用that,不用which的情况：

(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.

先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2,只用which不用that的情况：(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang.

Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

（非限)

Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)(4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相似，并可以指人。例如：

Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.(5)如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity

8."介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构。(1)"介词＋关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。

例:Isthatthehouseinwhichyoulive?

关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.

像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.及时巩固：一，请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.

CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.

AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.

Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.

Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.

Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.6.

Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8.

HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9.

MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10.

Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12.

Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13.

Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14.

Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15.

AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.

Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.

Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.

Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.

Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.

Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.

Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.

Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.

Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.

Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.

Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.

Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.

Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.

Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.14.

Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.

Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.

Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.

Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.

Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.

Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.

Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChinesei