高中英语语法名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句1.主语从句第一页第二页，共54页。(1)连接词whether\ifthat(2)连接代词Who/whoeverWhom/whomeverwhoseWhat/whateverWhich/whichever(3)连接副词whenwhywherehow名词性从句的引导词：第二页第三页，共54页。Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{

{名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语表语第三页第四页，共54页。3.主语从句：（subjectclause)在一个完整的句子里,主语部分还含有主谓两大部分结构的句子叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词不能省略。例:谁去这不重要。Whowillgoisnotimportant.主语例:我们需要的是更多的时间。Whatweneedismoretime.主语第四页第五页，共54页。例:他住在哪里我们都不知道。Wherehelivesisunknowntous.主语例:不太清楚她为什么迟到。Whyshewaslateisunclear.主语例:这本书怎么销售取决于它的作者。Howthebookwillbesolddependsonitswriter.第五页第六页，共54页。1

That

hewillsucceediscertain.2

Whether

hewillgothereisnotknown.3

What

hesaidisnottrue.4

Where

hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5

Whoever

comesiswelcome.6How

wecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.7

When

they’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.SubjectClause主语从句第六页第七页，共54页。Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.

{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowthatheisateacher.

{宾语宾语第七页第八页，共54页。4.宾语从句：(objectclause)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。一般放在及物动词，介词后。例:我希望一切都好。Ihope(that)everythingwillbeallright.动宾例:你知道他在哪里吗？Doyouknowwhereheis?动宾第八页第九页，共54页。例:对于他说的话，我感到很惊讶。Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.介宾例:我认为他们知道怎样做这个练习。Ithoughtthattheyknewhowtodothisexercise.动宾*宾语从句从句中,连词that只起连接作用,没有实际作用,可以省略,而其他的关连词却不能省略。第九页第十页，共54页。宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、）Theyknow

that

thehabitwillkillthem.Italldependson

whethertheywillsupportus.Heasked

howmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemade

it

cleartothepublic

that

hedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.Ifind

it

necessary

that

weshoulddothehomework.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses第十页第十一页，共54页。在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmake

itclear

thatwemeanwhatwesay.

由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略.Hetoldme（that）hewouldcome

andthathewouldcomeontime.2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留第十一页第十二页，共54页。5.表语从句：表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.对主语进行解释说明。例:问题是谁能去那里。Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.表语例:那是他为什么迟到的原因。Thatiswhyhewaslate.表语第十二页第十三页，共54页。例:问题是我们什么时候得到答案。Thequestioniswhenwe’llgettheanswer.表语例:问题不是谁去，而是谁留下来。Theproblemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstay.表语第十三页第十四页，共54页。4.同位语从句：同位语从句通常放在要求有具体内容的名词（如：fact,truth,doubt,suggestion,idea,question,problem,hope,thought,fear等。）后面，用来解释或说明前面名词的具体内容。Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.同位语从句例:我们明天放假的消息不是真的.Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.同位语从句第十四页第十五页，共54页。1)Theidea

thatcomputerscanrecognize

humanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)

WordcamethatNapoleonwascomingtoinspectthem.3)Sydneykepthispromise

thathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.第十五页第十六页，共54页。1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.第十六页第十七页，共54页。4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview._______ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.______________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.第十七页第十八页，共54页。

1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder____youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what3.Thisis_____hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth____theearth____aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句Practice第十八页第十九页，共54页。Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn’tseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.PredictiveClause(表语从句)ObjectClause(宾语从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)AppositiveClause同位语从句Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem第十九页第二十页，共54页。“It”isusedas

emptysubject形式主语为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey’llstarttheproject.4.Itworriesherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.第二十页第二十一页，共54页。It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…

It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道…

Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧..It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…

It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying（俗话说）that…在下列句型中常使用that引导主语从句第二十一页第二十二页，共54页。分析下列宾语从句中的连词Idon’tdoubt（that）youwillsucceed.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.3个句子中的连词that,whether,if（是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词注意：A.that本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if仅可以用于宾语从句。引导名词从句的关联词。连接词第二十二页第二十三页，共54页。一、名词性从句的语序（1）名词性从句构成有两种a.That+陈述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.

Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.名词性从句考点归纳b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分第二十三页第二十四页，共54页。(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句

语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()

Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？

FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。

Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()

Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()第二十四页第二十五页，共54页。二、名词性从句连接词的选用（1）that和what的选用that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。

但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名

词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主

语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从

句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。第二十五页第二十六页，共54页。that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.

WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat第二十六页第二十七页，共54页。

a.主语从句

b.表语从句

c.同位语从句

e.介词后的宾语从句

f.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.

gwhetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.动词discuss后if和whether的选用不能使用if的情况：第二十七页第二十八页，共54页。

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.______wewillholdapartyintheopenair

tomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

______theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif/whether第二十八页第二十九页，共54页。其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、

how

等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。

第二十九页第三十页，共54页。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。

________weshallholdoursportsmeetingis

notdecided.

我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。

Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.

我不知道他长的什么样子。

Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.

这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。

Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.

Whenwhowhatwhere第三十页第三十一页，共54页。that可省略的情况：

that不可省略的情况：

主语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

用it做形式宾语的宾语从句

并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的

引导词that不能省略引导词that的省略单个宾语从句中的that可省略第三十一页第三十二页，共54页。1.Idon’tthink________sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity________hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis_________heiscareless.

4.Thenews________ourteamwonthematch

inspiredus.

5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_________youshould

readEnglishaloud.

6.Hetoldme__________hisfatherhaddied

and__________hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatthat/(that)第三十二页第三十三页，共54页。1.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用

三、同位语从句的引导和辨别n.+连接词+从句

order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等

whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。fact、idea,第三十三页第三十四页，共54页。1.Ihavenoidea_________hecomesfrom.

2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion________he

gotthemoney.

3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions________we

shouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.

4.Ihavenodoubt________hewillwin.

5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.wherehowthatthatwhetherthat/whether/where/how第三十四页第三十五页，共54页。1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.同位语从句和定语从句的区别第三十五页第三十六页，共54页。1.Weexpressedthehope

thattheyhadexpressed.

2.Weexpressedthehope

thattheywouldcome

toChinaagain.1.Theinformationhasbeenannounced

thatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.

2.Theinformation

thatherevealedatthemeeting

isofgreatvalue.定从同从同从定从AttributiveorAppositive第三十六页第三十七页，共54页。1.Thereason______wedidn'ttrusthimwas______heoftenlied．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsentwas______hewasill.whythatthatthat第三十七页第三十八页，共54页。Practicetime第三十八页第三十九页，共54页。1.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.thatChoosethebestanswer第三十九页第四十页，共54页。4.Thenews___surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovesto

befalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome___someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherc.thatD.which第四十页第四十一页，共54页。7.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how8.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that9.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because第四十一页第四十二页，共54页。10.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because11.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif第四十二页第四十三页，共54页。12.Itisknowntous___wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that13.Ihavetheinformation____.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon第四十三页第四十四页，共54页。14.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---____itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak15.Itremainsaquestion____wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what第四十四页第四十五页，共54页。16.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,doyouknow____?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes17.Hemadeapromise___anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif第四十五页第四十六页，共54页。18.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand____mademattersworsewas___nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what第四十六页第四十七页，共54页。1.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.that B.which C.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.what C.thatD.how3.It______Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthat B.thinksthatC.isthoughtthat D.isthoughtthat4.It______heislateforclass.A.maythat B.mightthatC.maybethat D.mightbewhat5.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.which C.thatD.what6.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.what C.whichD.when第四十七页第四十八页，共54页。7.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whether C.whichD.what8.Thereasonwhyhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.why C.thatD.what9.Mysuggestionis______weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.that C.whichD.where10.Hisproposalisthatthedam______atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuild C.bebuiltD.willbebuilt11.Myadviceisthathe______regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeep C.keepsD.kept12.______knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.Whoever C.WhomthatD.Thatwho第四十八页第四十九页，共54页。13.Weallknowthetruth_____theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.which C.whatD.whether14.Weheardthenews______ourteamh