Unit 1 课时4 Section B2a-2e【教案】（核心提要+精讲专练） 人教版 八年级下册英语教材讲义

Unit1What’sthematter？课时4SectionB（2a-2e)Learningaims:1.熟练掌握并运用下列单词及短语：risk,accident,situation,kilo,rock,knife,blood,importance,decision,control,spirit,death,takerisks,cutoff,theimportanceof,beincontrolof。2.通过细读，了解文章的逻辑结构和重要语法点。重点词汇和短语1._______________pron.（we的反身代词）我们自己2._______________n.登山者；攀登者3._______________n.&v.危险；风险；冒险4._______________n.情况；状况5._______________(=kilogram)n.公斤；千克6._______________n.岩石7._______________n.(pl.knives)刀；餐刀8._______________n.血9._______________v.意思是；打算；意欲10._______________n.重要性，重要11._______________n.决定；抉择12._______________n.&v.限制；约束；管理13._______________n.勇气；意志14._______________n.死；死亡15.___________________________陷入；参与16.___________________________习惯于……；适应于……17.___________________________冒险18.___________________________用尽；耗尽19.___________________________切除20.___________________________离开；从……出来21.___________________________掌管；管理22.___________________________放弃答案：1.ourselves2.climber 3.risk 4.situation 5.kilo 6.rock 7.knife8.blood 9.mean 10.importance 11.decision 12.control 13.spirit14.death 15.getinto 16.beusedto17.takerisks(takearisk) 18.runout(of) 19.cutoff20.getoutof 21.beincontrolof 22.giveup1.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.作为一名登山者,阿伦习惯于冒险。beusedto意为＂习惯于……；适应于……＂，其中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。☞Heisusedtotakingcoldshowerseveninwinter.他习惯了甚至在冬天也用冷水淋浴。☞Heisusedtogettingupearly.他习惯于早起。学科*网【归纳拓展】beusedtosth/doingsth意为＂习惯于……＂，相当于短语getusedto。☞Bepatientandyouwillbeusedtothelifeheresoon.耐心些！很快你就会习惯这儿的生活的。beusedtodosth(=beusedfordoingsth)意为＂被用来做某事＂，是动词use的被动结构。☞Plasticscanbeusedtomakeallkindsofthings.塑料能被用来制造各种各样的东西。usedtodosth意为＂过去常做某事＂，表达过去。☞Iusedtogotothecinema,butIhardlyeverhavetimeforfilmsnow.我过去经常去看电影，但现在我几乎没有时间看电影了。Jim________ridetoschool.Butnowhe________walkingtoschoolbecausehewantstokeepfit.A．wasusedto;usedto B．gotusedto;isusedto C．usedto;isusedto D．usedto;usedto【答案】C【详解】句意：吉姆过去常常骑车上学。但是现在他习惯于步行上学，因为他想保持健康。考查动词短语。be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事；usedtodosth.过去常常做某事。第一空，根据“Jim...ridetoschool.”可知，此处表示过去常常骑车去上学，用usedto；第二空，根据“Butnowhe...walkingtoschoolbecausehewantstokeepfit.”可知，此处表示现在习惯步行上学，用isusedto。故选C。2.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.但是当他的水用尽时，他知道他必须做一些事情来拯救自己的生命。runout作不及物动词短语，意为＂用尽；耗尽＂，主语通常是时间、金钱、水、食物等无生命名词。☞Hisstrengthranout.他的力气用完了。☞Afteralongwalk,heranoutofhiswater.长途跋涉后，他用尽了他的水。【易混辨析】runout与runoutofrunout是＂动词＋副词＂型动词短语，主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等名词。☞Hismoneysoonranout.他的钱很快花完了。runoutof作及物动词用(＝useup)，后接宾语，主语通常是人。

☞Ihaverunoutofmymoneybeforepayday.在发工资的日子之前我已经用尽了我的钱。【注意】runoutof...其原意为＂从……中跑出＂。☞Lotsofstudentsranoutoftheclassroomtoseewhathadhappened.很多学生从教室里跑出来看看发生了什么事。Weshould______coal,becausetheundergroundcoalwill_______someday.A．save；runoutof B．save；runout C．produce；runoutof D．produce；runout【答案】B【详解】句意：我们应该节约用煤，因为地下煤有一天会用完的。根据save节约，runoutof用完，后有宾语，produce生产，runout用完，不接宾语；根据句意可知是节约用煤，排除C/D；根据后面没有宾语；故选B3.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.他对登山的热爱是如此深厚以至于在这次经历之后他还继续登山。（1）＂so...that...＂意为＂如此……以至于……＂，that引导结果状语从句。此句型中，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。常用句型结构为：主语+谓语+so+adj./adv.+that从句。☞ThemathproblemissodifficultthatIcan’tworkitout.这道数学题是如此难以至于我解不出来。☞Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.这个男孩太小还不能去上学。【易混辨析】such...that与so...that的区别(1)so+adj./adv.adj.+a/an+_________many/few+可数名词复数+that从句much/little+___________(2)such+a/an+adj.+单数名词adj.+___________+that从句adj.+复数名词【注意】如果so...that...句型中，that引导的从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致，在否定句中可与too...to...或not...enoughto...结构转换。☞Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.他太小了，不能去上学。=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.1.那次聚会是如此让人激动以至于我永远都不会忘记它。Thepartywas_______________________________________Iwouldneverforgetit.2.她是如此好的一位老师以至于所有的学生都喜欢她。Sheis__________________________goodteacher_____________allthestudentslikeher.【答案】1.soexcitingthat2.sucha；that（2）keepondoingsth意为＂继续或坚持做某事＂，表示动作重复多次，中间有间隔，强调重复性。☞Theykeptonworkingthoughitwasdark.尽管天黑了，他们却继续工作。☞Don’tkeeponinterruptingme.别老是跟我打岔。【知识拓展】①keepdoingsth意为＂继续不停地做某事＂。表示动作的持续不间断、无停顿，强调连续性。☞Keepwalkinguntilyoureachtheendoftheroad.继续走，知道你到达路的尽头。②keepsbdoingsth意为＂让某人一直做某事＂。☞I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起让你久等了。③keepsbfromdoingsth意为＂阻止某人做某事＂。☞Youshouldn’tkeephimfromwatchingcartoons.你不该阻止他看动画片。【魔法记忆】英语中后接doing作宾语的词(组)完成练习值得忙finish,practise,beworth,bebusy继续习惯别放弃keepon,beusedto,giveup考虑建议不禁想consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike喜欢思念要介意enjoy,miss,mind昨天我们坚持学习到深夜。We_______________________________________lateintothenightyesterday.【答案】keptonstudying4.—AreyouOK?你还好吗?—No,Idon’tfeelwell.不，我觉得不舒服。feelwell意为＂身体好；感觉舒服＂。其中feel意为＂感觉＂，为系动词，后常接形容词作表语。well表示健康状况时，是形容词，意为＂健康的＂。☞IthinkI’llgoandliedown—Idon’tfeelwell.我想我得去躺一会儿，我感到不大舒服。【易混辨析】good与well的区别good是形容词，意为＂好的；优秀的＂，在句中常用作表语或定语。☞Ihaveagoodfriend.我有一个好朋友。well作副词，意为＂很好地＂，常用来修饰动词，在句中作状语。☞ShespeaksEnglishwell.她英语说得好。作形容词，常用来表示健康状况，意为＂健康的＂，在句中常用作表语。☞Ihopesheiswell.我希望她身体健康。5.decisionn.决定；抉择decision常用于短语makeadecision/decisions意为＂作决定＂。makeadecisiontodosth.＝decidetodosth.＝makeupone’smindtodosth.决定做某事。Hemadeadecision/decidedtogotoNewYorkfinally.最后他决定去纽约。Grammar(二)反身代词反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称的人称代词宾格形式，词尾加-self或-selves组成的。反身代词意为＂本人＂＂本身＂，为加强语气，也可翻译为＂亲自＂＂自己＂。1.反身代词构成第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2.反身代词的用法作动词宾语或介词宾语☞Theboycandresshimself.这个男孩能给自己穿衣服。☞Takegoodcareofyourself.好好照顾你自己。作主语或宾语的同位语☞MrsBlackherselfisalawyer.布莱克夫人本人就是一名律师。☞Youhadbetteraskthedriverhimself.你最好问司机本人。作表语☞Justbeyourself.做你自己就好了。☞Maryhasn’tbeenherselfrecently.玛丽近来感到不适。3.易错点反身代词必须与其所指代的名词或代词形成相互关系，在人称、性和数上保持一致。☞Thechildrenareenjoyingthemselvesinthepark.孩子们正在公园里玩得很高兴。Theycouldlookafter_____________whentheyweresix.A.ourselves B.themselves C.yourselves【答案】B【解析】考查反身代词。句意：当他们六岁时就能够照顾自己了。主语是they，对应的反身代词为themselves。4.反身代词的常用短语teachoneself＝learnbyoneself自学 enjoyoneself过得愉快helponeselfto...随便吃/用……lookafteroneself照顾某人自己dressoneself给自己穿衣服一、单项选择1．Englishissoimportantthatwecan’t________.A．giveupthem B．givethemup C．giveupit D．giveitup【答案】D【详解】句意：英语如此重要，我们不能放弃它。考查动词短语及代词。it它；them它（她、他）们；giveup放弃。giveup是动词短语，此处指的是“放弃英语”，应用it代替“English”，且代词要放在动词与副词中间，故选D。2．Asthefoodfestivaliscoming,thestudentsarepreparingeverythingby________.A．themselves B．ourselves C．yourselves【答案】A【详解】句意：随着美食节的到来，学生们正在自己准备一切。考查代词辨析。themselves他们自己；ourselves我们自己；yourselves你们自己。根据“thestudents...”可知是学生们自己在准备，用反身代词themselves。故选A。3．Scientistswarnusthatifwegoonusingsomuchenergy,wewill________itinthenearfuture.A．gooutof B．runoutof C．getoutof D．keepoutof【答案】B【详解】句意：科学家警告我们，如果我们继续使用如此多的能源，我们将在不久的将来耗尽它。考查动词短语辨析。gooutof离开；runoutof耗尽；getoutof逃避；keepoutof把……挡在……外。根据“ifwegoonusingsomuchenergy”可知，继续使用很多能源，不久将会耗尽它。故选B。4．There________befewpeopleusingmobilephonesinthe1990s.Astimegoesby,it’ssaidthatfewpeople________thelifewithoutmobilephones.A．usedto;usedto B．areusedto;usedto C．usedto;areusedto D．areusedto;areusedto【答案】C【详解】句意：20世纪90年代，几乎没有人使用手机。随着时间的流逝，据说很少有人习惯了没有手机的生活。考查动词短语。Thereusedtobe“过去常常有”；beusedto“习惯于”。故选C。5．Don’tget________theundergroundwhenthedoorisclosing.Pleasewaitforthenextone.A．in B．on C．off D．outof【答案】B【详解】句意：地铁门正在关上的时候不要上车。请等下一班。考查介词辨析和动词短语。getin进入；geton上车；getoff下车；getoutof逃避。根据“Don’tget...theundergroundwhenthedoorisclosing.”可知，地铁门正在关上的时候不要上车，故选B。6．TherewassomethingwithTom’steeth,sohewenttoseea_______.A．doctor B．dentist C．teacher D．nurse【答案】B【详解】句意：汤姆的牙齿有毛病，所以他去看牙医。考查名词辨析。doctor医生；dentist牙医；teacher教师；nurse护士。根据“TherewassomethingwithTom’steeth”可知牙齿有问题，应该要看牙医，故选B。7．I’mreallyexcited.Myfathermakesa________tomethathe’llbuymethenewestLegobrickset.A．decision B．plan C．promise D．difference【答案】C【详解】句意：我真地很兴奋。我父亲答应我，他会给我买最新的乐高积木套装。考查名词辨析。decision决定；plan计划；promise承诺；difference差别。根据“thathe’llbuymethenewestLegobrickset.”可知，给我买最新的乐高积木套装，是父亲做的承诺。故选C。8．Thereisno________offallingdownifyouwalkslowly.A．side B．corner C．choice D．risk【答案】D【详解】句意：如果你走得慢，就没有摔倒的危险。考查名词辨析。side一侧；corner角落；choice选择；risk风险。根据下文“ifyouwalkslowly”可知，走得慢就不会有摔倒的风险。故选D。9．Believein________,Lucy.Ithinkyou’llsucceed.A．myself B．yourself C．ourselves D．herself【答案】B【详解】句意：相信你自己，露西。我想你会成功的。考查代词辨析。myself我自己；yourself你自己；ourselves我们自己；herself她自己。根据后句“Ithinkyou’llsucceed.”可知，应是相信你自己。故选B。10．Ifyouhaveanosebleed,youshould________.A．takeyourtemperature B．putabandageonit C．putyourheadback【答案】C【详解】句意：如果你流鼻血，你应该把头向后仰。考查动词短语和常识。takeyourtemperature量体温；putabandageonit用绷带包扎；putyourheadback把头往后仰。根据常识可知，流鼻血应把头往后仰。故选C。二、完形填空ItwasthelastdayofschoolandIplannedtotraveltomyfriend’shometown.Ididn’tseehimforyearsandthiswasagood____11____tomeethimagain.Iwasbusyatschoolsoitwasvery____12____whenIcamebackhome.Itwasalready10o’clockatnight.Timewasrunningout.Afterahurried(勿忙)mealIleft.____13____Ifoundataxiverysoon.Askingthedrivertodrivemefasttothestation,Irelaxedforawhile,imaginingwhatmyfriendlookedlikenow.IwassoonatthestationandIwassurethatIwouldbeableto____14____thetrain.Unluckily,Ifellonthewayandlostsometime.Tomy____15____,whenIreachedtheplatform(站台),Isawthatthetrainjustleft!ItwasthelasttrainsoIhadto____16____home.Mymotherwasgladtoseemebackbecauseasshehadabadfeelingaboutmytrip.ButIwasunhappy.ItriedtorelaxandwenttobedbutIhada____17____sleep.ThenextmorningIwasverytired.WhenIwashavingbreakfastthe____18____arrived.Ireadoverthepagesandwasshocked(震惊)to____19____thatthetrainImissedhadanaccident.How____20____IwasthatImissedthetrain!11．A．work B．chance C．visit D．dream12．A．strange B．cold C．late D．quiet13．A．Possibly B．Suddenly C．Strangely D．Luckily14．A．stop B．see C．catch D．miss15．A．sadness B．hope C．worry D．joy16．A．call B．leave C．reach D．return17．A．deep B．bad C．great D．heavy18．A．newspaper B．ticket C．milk D．train19．A．find B．hear C．feel D．remember20．A．hopeful B．thankful C．careful D．painful【答案】11．B

12．C

13．D

14．C

15．A

16．D

17．B

18．A

19．A

20．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者要去久别的朋友家玩，却没赶上火车，第二天在报纸上了解到自己错过的火车出了事故，作者感叹自己是幸运的，感激命运的。11．句意：我已经几年没有见到过他并且这是一个好机会。work工作；chance机会；visit参观；dream梦想。根据“Ididn’tseehimforyearsandthiswasagood...tomeethimagain.”可知，放假了，这是一个约着见面的好机会。故选B。12．句意：在学校我是忙的，所以当我到家时已经很晚了。strange奇怪的；cold冷的；late晚的；quiet安静的。根据“Iwasbusyatschool”可知到家时是晚的，故选C。13．句意：幸运的是，我很快找到一辆出租车。Possibly可能地；Suddenly突然；Strangely奇怪的是；Luckily幸运地。根据“Ifoundataxiverysoon.”和上文可知，虽然到家很晚，但幸运的是，我很快就叫上了出租车，故选D。14．句意：我很快到了车站并且我确信我能赶上火车。stop停止；see看见；catch赶上；miss错过。根据“IwassoonatthestationandIwassure”可知应是赶上火车，故选C。15．句意：令我难过的是，当我到达站台时，我看见火车刚刚离开。sadness难过；hope希望；worry担忧；joy高兴。根据“Isawthatthetrainjustleft”可知应是难过的，故选A。16．句意：它是最后一趟车，所以我不得不返回家。call打电话；leave离开；reach到达；return返回。根据上题可知作者现在在车站，但火车开走了，所以此处应是返回家。故选D。17．句意：我尽量放松并且上床，但是我有一个糟糕的睡眠。deep深的；bad坏的；great好的；heavy重的。根据“Itriedtorelaxandwenttobedbut...”可知是虽然睡觉了但睡得并不好，故选B。18．句意：当我吃早餐的时候报纸到了。newspaper报纸；ticket票；milk牛奶；train火车。根据“Ireadoverthepages”可知是报纸，故选A。19．句意：我通读报纸并且震惊地发现我错过的火车发生了事故。find发现；hear听见；feel感觉；remember记得。根据“thetrainImissedhadanaccident”可知应是发现火车出了事故的消息，故选A。20．句意：我多么感激自己错过了火车啊！hopeful有希望的；thankful感激的；careful小心的；painful疼痛的。根据“Imissedthetrain”和下文可知，作者对自己错过火车是感激的，故选B。三、阅读理解Didyouremembersomeunforgettablethingsthathappenedaroundyou?Haveyoueverseenafire?Whatwillyoudoifthereisafire?Willyoushoutforhelp?Orwillyoujuststaytherebutdonothing?Manypeoplearetooafraidtodosomethingwhenthereisafire.Butinfact,thisiswrong.LastSundayeveningmyparentswentoutforawalkwithmysister.ButIstudiedaloneathomebecauseIwouldhaveanEnglishtest.Suddenly,Isawbrightlightinmyneighbor’skitchen.IthoughthewascookingsoIwentonstudying.Soon,therewasaterriblesmellintheairandIthoughtsomethingwaswrong.Iwentoutandsawfirecomingoutofmyneighbor’skitchen.SoIshouted“Fire!Fire!”Butnooneheardorcameout.Iranquicklyintomyhousetocall119,andthenIrangmyneighbor’sdoorbell,knockedatthedoor,buttherewasnoresponse.Igotintothehousethroughthewindowandfoundmyneighborsleepinginhisbedroom.Iwokehimupandwerushedoutofthehousetogether.Wetriedourbesttopourwaterthroughthekitchenwindow,butthefirewastooheavy.Luckily,thefiremencameandputoutthefirequickly.Whenmyparentscameback,theyfoundIwasdirtyandtired.Aftermyneighbortoldthemthewholestory,theywerehappyandsaidIwasabraveboy.21．Thewriterdidn’tgoout