英国文学史 英国文学史和选读课件

JohnMilton(1608-1674)

TheEnglishRevolutionandtheRestorationJohnMilton(1608-1674)Milton’sWorksParadiseLostConclusion

1.Monarchyvs.Bourgeoisie2.Kingvs.Parliament3.OutburstofEnglishRevolution(1642-1649)4.SplitwithinRevolutionaryCamp5.Restoration6.ReligiousCloakoftheRevolution7.LiteratureofRevolutionPeriod

a.duringTudorDynasty(1485-1603),harmony=sharesameenemies;collaboration;monarchyofferedprotection;bourgeoisieenjoyedprotectionbyMonarchyb.whenallinternalandexternalfoeshadbeencrushed,monarchystrovetoconsolidateitsposition,tostrengthenitspower;whilebourgeoi-sieceasedtodependonMonarchy.c.thuscametheconflictbetweenQueenandParliament

17thcentury,theclashesovermonopoly(King)onmerchandises(commercialinterests)ledtoinconveniencestomerchantsandsharpriseinprices.Parliamentannouncedthatmonopolieswithoutitsconsentwereillegal.ButCharlesIdissolvedparliamentin1629,andruledthecountrywithanabsolutegovernmentfor11years(till1640).Severepersecutionshitthecapitalistclass.Consequently,therearoseademandforanewgovernment.

parliament:merchants;artisans;apprentices;peasants

king:conservativegentry;landlords;monopolists=royalists

civilwarin1642.lastedtill1649OliverCromwellreorganizedparliamentaryforcesintotheNewModelArmyin1645,victoryinNaseby,civilwarendedwhenCharlesIwascaptured,butheescapedfromcaptivity.SocivilwarbrokeoutagainuntilCharlesIwasre-capturedandexecutedin1649[mountedtheguillotine][scaffold]MonarchywasabolishedCommonwealth/RepublicwasdeclaredinEngland

Themiddlebourgeoisieandthebigbourgeoisiestruggledforsupremacyinparliament.Theordinarypeoplewhopreviouslyfoughtforparliamentwerenowdisappointedandfelttheyhadbeenbetrayed.RevoltswereputdownbyCromwell.DiggersMovementweresuppressedbylandlordsandsoldiers.“Everyonetalksoffreedom,butfewactforfreedom,actorsoffreedomareoppressedbytalkers/verbalprofessorsoffreedom.”

BourgeoisdictatorshipestablishedCromwell.CharlesIIwasrecalledin1660.RestorationPeriod.LaterwhenCharlesIIthreatenedtorestoretheoldabsolutemonarchy,hewasexpelled.William,princeofOrange,fromHolland,wasinvitedtobekingofEnglandin1688.Itwastheso-called“GloriousRevolution”becauseitwasbloodless,withoutrevivalofrevolutionarydemands.

fightGod’sbattles.从旧约中偷来面具掩饰革命的本质目的。也有人称英国资产阶级革命为puritanrevolution.

Puritanismdoctrine

“divineduty”ishardwork,unceasinglaboronlytoaccumulatecapital.in1642,Londontheatreswerecloseddownfortheirextravaganceanddeteriorationandalsoforthepuritanicalabhorrenceof“worldly”pleasuresingeneral

concernedwiththesocialupheavalsofthetime,MiltondefendedtheEnglishCommonwealthMilton’sLifeSketchborninLondon;fatherwasascrivener公证人puritanandlovedmusicCambridge,Christ’sCollege,goodatLatin;speechbeforethestudents;knowledgetomakethespiritofmanreachoutfarandwide;personalbeautyandstrictnessoflife(nocourting,nodrinking)madehim“theladyoftheChrist’s”MasterDegreein1632.selfstudiedfor6yearsonclassical,Hebrew,ItalianandEnglishliterature,science,theologyandmusic.profession:tobeapoetmarriedin1642,butnomorethanamonth,hiswifewentbacktoherparentsandrefusedtoreturn.(divorceimpossible)

Travelonthecontinent1638-1639metGalileoinItalyEyestrouble:fromboyhoodeyesdisease;

in1652,totallyblind.(HiswifeMaryPowelldiedthatyear);

in1656,remarried.(Hissecondwifediedinchildbirthseveralyearslater.);

Miltonwrotehisonlylovepoem,asonnet,forhissecondwife,“OnHisDeceasedWife”(1658).AftertheRestoration:a