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一种基于DCNN-LSTM混合模型的RUL预测方法AbstractRemainingUsefulLife(RUL)predictionplaysavitalandsignificantroleinensuringthesafetyandreliabilityofsystems,especiallyintheaerospace,energy,andtransportationindustry.Inthispaper,weproposeaHybridmodelcombiningconvolutionneuralnetwork(CNN)andLongShort-TermMemory(LSTM)forRULprediction.Theproposedmodelextractsthefeatureinformationofthesensordatabyaseriesofconvolutionneuralnetworklayers,thenutilizestheLSTMnetworktolearnthetemporaldependenciesbetweenthefeatureinformation.WeevaluatetheproposedmethodontheCMAPSSdataset,andtheresultsindicatethesuperiorityandeffectivenessoftheproposedmethod.IntroductionRemainingUsefulLife(RUL)predictionisacrucialtaskforensuringthesafetyandreliabilityofsystems.AccurateRULpredictionprovidesthemeanstoperformpreventativemaintenanceattheoptimaltime,hencereducingequipmentdowntime,maintenancecosts,andenergyconsumption.ManyRULpredictionmethodshavebeenproposed,includingmodel-basedmethods,data-drivenmethods,andhybridmethods.Amongthem,data-drivenmethodshaveattractedgreatattentioninrecentyearsduetoitshighaccuracy,robustness,andsimplicity.Convolutionalneuralnetworks(CNN)andLongShort-TermMemory(LSTM)networksarepopulardeeplearningmodelsthathavebeenappliedinavarietyoffields,includingsignalprocessing,imagerecognition,naturallanguageprocessing,andothers.Inthispaper,weproposeahybridmodelcombiningCNNandLSTMforRULprediction.MethodologyTheproposedmethodconsistsoftwostages,asshowninFigure1.Inthefirststage,wepreprocessthefeatureinformationofthesensordataandextractthefeaturesthroughaseriesofconvolutionneuralnetworklayers.Inthesecondstage,weutilizetheLSTMnetworktolearnthetemporaldependenciesbetweenfeatureinformation.![image.png](attachment:image.png)Figure1.Architectureoftheproposedmethod.1.CNNFeatureExtractionThehigh-dimensionalsensordataobtainedfromthesystemcontainscomplexandrichinformation,weuseconvolutionneuralnetworklayerstoextracttheessentialfeaturesforRULprediction.TheCNNiscomposedofaseriesofconvolutionallayers(Conv)andpoolinglayers(Pool).EachconvolutionallayerisfollowedbyaReLUactivationfunctionandabatchnormalizationlayer.Thepoolinglayerreducesthedimensionalityandpreservestheessentialfeatures.Theoutputofthelastpoolinglayerisflattenedandfedintoafullyconnectedlayer(FC).Thedropouttechniqueisappliedtopreventoverfitting.TheoutputoftheFClayerisafeaturevectorrepresentingtheessentialcharacteristicsofsensordata.2.LSTMNetworkTheextractedfeatureinformationfromthesensordataisfedintotheLSTMnetworkforlearningthetemporaldependencies.TheLSTMarchitecturecanlearnthelong-termdependenciesinthetimeseriesdatabymaintainingamemorycellandvariousgatesthatcontroltheflowofinformation.TheLSTMnetworkhasthreegates:inputgate(i),outputgate(o),andforgetgate(f).Thesegatescontroltheflowofinformationthroughthememorycell.ThefinaloutputoftheLSTMnetworkisfedintoafullyconnectedlayer(FC)withasigmoidactivationfunctionforRULprediction.DatasetandEvaluationToevaluatetheeffectivenessoftheproposedmethod,weusedtheNASAC-MAPSSdataset,whichiscommonlyusedforRULpredictionbenchmarks.Thedatasetconsistsoffoursubsets,eachcontainingsensormeasurementsfromturbofanengines.ThetaskistopredicttheRULoftheenginebasedonthesesensormeasurements.Foreachsubset,werandomlyselectedatrainingsetof70%ofthedataandkept30%asatestset.Wetrainedtheproposedhybridmodelonthetrainingsetandevaluateditonthetestset.Theperformanceoftheproposedmethodiscomparedwithotherstate-of-the-artRULpredictionmethods,includingSupportVectorMachines(SVM),RandomForest(RF),andGradientBoostingDecisionTree(GBDT).TheevaluationcriteriausedinthispaperareRootMeanSquareError(RMSE),MeanAbsoluteError(MAE),andCoefficientofDetermination(R2).![image-2.png](attachment:image-2.png)Table1.ComparisonofRMSE,MAE,andR2ofdifferentRULpredictionmethodsontheCMAPSSdataset.ExperimentalresultsandanalysisTable1showsthecomparisonofRMSE,MAE,andR2ofdifferentRULpredictionmethodsontheCMAPSSdataset.ItcanbeseenthatourproposedhybridmodelachievesthelowestRMSEandMAE,indicatingthatithasbetterperformanceinpredictingRUL.Moreover,thehybridmodelproducesthehighestR2coefficient,whichisameasureoftheproportionofvarianceintheRULpredictionthatisexplainedbythemodel.WealsovisualizedthepredictedRULandactualRULforthemodelwiththehighestperformanceineachsubset,asshowninFigure2.WecanseethatthepredictedRULishighlyconsistentwiththeactualRUL,indicatingtheexcellentperformanceoftheproposedmethod.![image-3.png](attachment:image-3.png)Figure2.ComparisonofpredictedRULandactualRULontheCMAPSSdataset.ConclusionThispaperproposesahybridmodelcombiningCNNandLSTMforRULprediction.TheproposedmodelextractsthefeatureinformationthroughaseriesofconvolutionallayersandlearnsthetemporaldependenciesbetweenfeatureinformationusingtheLSTMnetwork.TheexperimentalresultsontheCMAPSSdatasetshowthattheproposedmethodhasbetterperformance

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