塑料模具中英文互译文献

塑料模具中英文互译文献外文翻译TreatingandthemodernmouldmakehighspeedOne,summarizesthepresentsituationthatthemouldmakesatpresentandtrendThemouldisimportanthandicraftequipment,occupiesdecisivepositioninindustriddepartmentssuchasconsumergoods,electricalequipmentelectron,automobile,aircraftfabrication.Themouldisimportanthandicraftequipment,occupiesdecisivepositioninindustriddepartmentssuchasconsumergoods,electricalequipmentelectron,automobile,aircraftfabrication.Industrialproductpartroughprocess75%,thefinishmachining50%andplasticpart90%willbecompletedfromthemould.TheChinesemouldmarketdemandalreadyreachesscaleof500hundredmillionyuanatpresent.Theautomobilemould,theannualgrowthratecoveringpieceofmouldespeciallywillexceed20%;Alsopromptbuildingmaterialmoulddevelopment,variousheterotypematerialthemould,wallsurfaceandfloormouldbecomenewmouldgrowthpoint,plasticdoorsandwindowsandplasticdrain-pipeincreasetoexceeding30byintheupcomingseveralyears%;Thehomeappliancemouldannualgrowthratewillexceed10%;TheITindustryyearincreases%speedequallyexceeding20,theneedtothemouldaccountsfor20ofmouldmarketplace%.2004annualChinesemachinetoolsimplementsindustryoutputvaluewillcontinuetoincrease.Ourcountrymouldfabricationmarketpotentialisenormous.Thebasisdatacounts,inrecentyears,ourcountrymouldyeargrossoutputvaluereaches3billionU.S.dollar,entranceexceeds1billionU.S.dollar,exceed100millionU.S.dollaroutlet.Increasebyfrom25%toincreaseto200550%of1995.Theexpertforetellsthatabroad:Asiaportionbeingoccupiedbyinmouldfabricationinthewholeworld,willfrom25%toincreaseto200550%of1995.Chinesemouldindustryhasbeenexpandingbyleapsandbounds,hasformedeastChinaandtwobigSouthChinabases,andhasexpandedgraduallyarrivingatotherprovince.In2002(Shandong,Anhui,Sichuan)in1996~,mouldmanufacturingindustryoutputvalueannualaveragegrowth14%,growsby25%in2003.In2003ourcountrymouldoutputvalueis45billionRMB.Thegrossproductplaceoccupiestheworldthe3rd,exportsamouldincreases33.5%comparedtolastyear336,800,000U.S.dollar.But,contentslowourcountrytechnologymouldsalreadypileupinexcessofrequirement,verymostsupportofaccurate,complicatedtopgrademouldimports.Everyyeartheentrancemouldexceeds1billionU.S.dollar.Exceed100millionU.S.dollaroutlet.Precisemouldaccuracyrequiresthat3mums,large-scalemouldsrequirethat8000satisfiedkNagreewellwithmodelforceinjectionmachinerequestin2~;Theminitypemouldneedstherequestsatisfyingthediameter1mmsilentstocktube.Atpresent,adoptquick-cuttingtoproduceamouldalreadybecomingthegeneraltrendthatthemouldmakes,afewmouldshaveproducedamanufacturerinabroad,high-speedmachinetoollargeareahassubstitutedtheelectricsparkmachinetool,quickcuttinghasimprovedthemouldefficacygreatly.Machinetoolenterpriseaimsatmouldmanufacturingenterprises,sometreatingcentres60%allaboveofthemachinetoolproducingafactorysellstreatingenterprisetoamould.Themouldfabricationenterprisesubstitutingtheelectricsparkfinishmachiningmouldgraduallyinabroadhasadoptquick-cuttingalreadycommonly,quick-cuttinghasproducedamouldalreadybecomingthegeneraltrendthatthemouldmakesgradually,hasimprovedthemouldefficacyandmassgreatly.Adoptquick-cuttingtoreplaceelectricsparkproducingamould,cangetonthestickobviously,improvesmouldaccuracy,lifetimegrowing.highspeedprocessesapplicationinmakinginthemouldquick-cuttingmerit:cutterhighrotationrateandthemachinetoolheightenterbegiventoandhighacceleration,improvemetalexcisionrategreatly;1quick-cuttingdiminutionscutaforce;quick-cuttingheatmajorpartgenerateheatfromthecuttingsentrainment,workpiecebeingshort;quick-cuttingcutdownvibration,improvetreatingmass;highspeedtreatingapplytothebeneficialresultthatthemouldprocessesfleetnessroughprocessandhalffinishmachining,improvetreatingefficiency;highspeedhigh-accuracyfinishmachiningreplaceonlyentiretheheightprocessing,indicatingmass,formaccuracyrise,50%,cutsdownrepairamillbyhandthanEDMprocessesapotentiation;cutsthesurfaceprocessingfinalmoldingstiffly,improvesurfacemass,formaccuracy,thetreating(notonlybeingthatsurfaceharshnessislow,andthesurfaceradianceishigh),beingusedforcomplicatedsurfacehasmoreadvantage;thesurfacelossthatEDMtreatingproduces,improvemouldlifespan20%;processesanelectroderapidlycombiningwiththeCAD/CAMtechnology,especially,theformiscomplicated,thin-wallissimilartoanelectrode.adoptquick-cuttingtoprocessamouldneedingtheproblemsolvingIninthehomeland,sincetheaspectcausesuchasfund,technology,thequick-cuttingapplyingproduceamouldbeintheinitialstagestage.Returnthemachinetool,cutter,handicraftbacktoexistenceaswellassomeproblemofaspectneedstoproceedorderlyothersolve.Theshortcomingisthatfinishedcostishigh,correctcuttersigmatismhavecomparativelyhighdemand,cannothaveusedbigcutters,needtohavethecomplicatedcomputerprogrammingtechnologytobeusedforsupport,equipmentrunningcostheight.Two,thehighspeedprocessingamould'sprocessesamachinetoolMouldfinishmachiningandhardcuttingtreatingrequirethatthenumericalcontrolhigh-speedmachinetool,formboard,modelputuptheprecisionprocessingneed,high-effectnumericalcontrolmachinetooletc.Themouldaimingatproducesalotofmachinetoolenterprise,sometreatingcentres60%allaboveofthemachinetoolproducingafactorysellsenterprisetoamould.Thefixedassetshaving5billionyuanwithoutexceptionintheupcomingseveralyearsthrowsintomouldindustry,80%isthemachinetoolbuyingamouldprocessequipment,justsayingeveryyearhaving4billionyuanofRMBtobuyJinqieamongthem.Atpresentaverageourcountrynumericalcontrolmachinetoolutilizationratioapproximately20%,thehigh-speedmachinetoolutilizationratio3~5%.Also,mouldenterprisehastheunitsuitabletobuyahigh-speedmachinetool,complieswith6000~40000rmp'stohave.high-speedmachinetooltechnologyparameterdemandsProcesscentrechiefaxishigh-power,highrotationrate,satisfiedrudefinishmachining;Thefinishmachiningmouldwantstoneedtoreach15000~20000rmplikethecutter,themachinetoolwithminordiameter.Generally,thechiefaxisrotationratemachinetoolunder10000rpmcancarryoutroughprocessandhalffinishmachining,cannotreachthefinishmachiningaccuracy;Havenowaytoreach400theabovem/mincuttingspeed.fivescrollsofmachinetoolsapplicationincreasesatrendtreatingrouteisnimble,thesurfaceformiscomplicated;treatingrangeisbig,thevarioustypemouldsuitableprocesses;cutslife-spanofconditioneasytocutdowncutterwear,toraiseacutter,;thesoftwaresbuyingCAD/CAMandhigh-speedmachinetoolsassortOnthegroundsofthemachinetool,majorpartcounting,havingseveralbillionsU.S.dollartobeusedtoenterporteveryyear,theelectromachiningmachinetoolandthehigh-speedmachinetoolneedtoimport.Three,quick-cuttingmouldcuttertechnology2Quick-cuttingprocessesthecutterneedingallocatingproperquickcutting.Progressingprocessingcuttermaterial'sinhighspeedhasurgeddevelopmentofhighspeedtreating.Thecutter,knifeedgeheadquarterandhightenacitybasegatheringcrystalstrengtheningtheceramicscutterbeingabletobeusedgivingconsiderationtohighhardnessexperienceandobservecarbidealloycoatingbecomingpossibility.Gatherthecrystalcubenitridingboron(PCBN)bit,whosehardnessmayamountto3500~4500HV.Gathercrystalmiamond(PCD)it'shardnessbutamountto6000~10000HV.GermanySCS,JapanMitsubishi(magicalsteel)andSumitomo,SwitzerlandShanteweike,USAKennaareinrecentyearsswiftlylargewaitforthefamousabroadcuttercompanytosuccessivelyhavedebutedtherespectivequick-cuttingcutter,notonlycutterhavingaveragestructuralsteelofquick-cutting,theceramicscutterstillhavingdirectquick-cuttingofenergyquenchinghardsteeliswaitingforaneffecttosurpassthehardcutter,especiallythecoatingcutterappearsallofasudden,bringingintoplayinquenchinghalffinishmachiningandfinishmachiningofhardsteel.Newcuttermaterialandcuttertechnologyappearingalreadymakethebottleneckproblemthathighspeedhasprocessednolongerbeabletoappearonthecutter.But,expensiveentrancecutterpricealsoblocksquick-cuttingmouldkeyfactor.Abovetocometosayingthecutterandthecutterholderaccelerationreach3gsthesort,thecuttercircularrunoutneedstobesmallerthan0.015mm,buttheknifelengthisunablegreaterthan4timescuttersdiameter.TherealityaccordingtoSANDVIKcompanyhascounted,thecarbidealloyhasstoodonintheentiretyusingcarbonnitridingtitanium(TICN)coatingwhenmillingcutters(58HRC)carryouthighspeedbrightmetalchopping,roughprocesscutterlinearspeedhasbeen100m/minabout,whoselinearspeedhasexceededbut280m/minwhenfinishmachiningandmicrostoning.Suchdemandstocuttermaterial(includethehardness,tenacity,redhardnesskeeptheform(includerowofcrumbsfunction,surfaceaccuracy,dynamicbalancesexetc.(cuttingthefunction),thecutterunderhightemperaturestate))aswellascutterlife-spanallhasveryhighly.Experienceaccordingtointhehomelandmouldhighspeedfinishmachining,linearspeedhasexceeded400~800m/minwhenadopttheyoungdiameterballheadmillingcuttertocarryoutmouldfinishmachining.Themachinetoolchoosingsufficienthigh-speed'scutsmouldfinishmachiningstiffly.Delcamadopt0.8mmdiametercuttertoprocessthenarrowslot,rotationrate40000rpm,0.1mmdepth,feedspeed30m/min.choosesthecutterparameter,thecutterwaitsifshoulderingananteriorangle.Thecutterrequiresthattheabilityprocessingrequestshockresistancetenacitymorehighly,requiringthatheatresistancepoundsthanaverageisstrong;adoptsvariousmethodimprovingcutterlife-span,reducescuttercost.adoptthehighspeedhilt,HSKhilt,heatpressingapplyingthemostbeingatpresenttopretendtogripautter.Payattentiontoacutterpretendtogripoverallinthedayafertomorrowdynamicbalance;4currentcutterenterprisehasalreadydonemanyjobsinthefieldofthetechnologyresolvingthequick-cuttingcutter,servingfacingthecutterprocessingmayhelptosolvemuchproblem,thecutterhasproducedamanufacturerbecomingthemainbody,thereferencecutterhasproducedthetechnologyparameterthatthemanufacturerprovides.Four,improvequick-cuttingmouldefficiencytechnologycutterdiameterandthelengthchoiceHSMandtheEDMchoicedoescuttingandthelubricatingcoolingfeedschoice:Moveforwardgenerallygivingamounts<millingcutterdiameters10%,moveforwardgivingawidth<millingcutterdiameter40%.Accordingtomaterial,conditionchoosestheparameterprocessinghandicraftrationallyHighspeedbrightmetalcutsthemassprocessingpartmaterialabroadfairlygood,materialqualitylevelis3identical,thetreatingfunctioncomparisonisstable;But,thecutterthatthecompanyproducesabroadisalsothatthestandardmakesanexperimentwiththeirmaterial;Thetreatingbeingrecommendedbyissuitabletotheirstandardcomparativelyliketheparameter,materialqualityhasthecertaindifferencewithdomesticpart,thisdifferenceshowscomparativelyobviously,someparameterscanapplydirectly,butsomeeffectdispatchesrightawaycomparativelyduringtheperiodofhighspeedbrightmetalchopsifusingtheircutter.Butselectandusepartmaterialqualityinthehomelandlikeenterprisehavingthecertainstandard,whatbeputintousepartmaterial,canusethepartmaterialqualitythathighspeedprocessesespecially,thegeneralmeetingislimitedinsomepartmaterialrangeinner,thatthisappliesthehighspeedprocessingtechnologytoushasalsoprovidedadvantageouscondition,hasbeenabletoapplytolesstreatingmaterialwithinrange.Beingneedingtoemphasizethathere,mustchoosethetreatingtechnologicalparameteroptimizingoutasetofcapitalsuitableenterpriseonthesematerial,isbroughtintocompanystandardand.Thetechnologyselectingandusingthedomesticcutter,seldomhavingthebrightmetalrecommendinghighspeedtochopparametric,isnecessarymakinganexperiment,getthecomparativelysatisfiedparameter,produceamanufacturerhadbettertoselectandusethefixedcutter,cutdownthenumberoftimestestingthat,thestandardformingaprocessingtechnology,suchcanimproveeffectiveutilizationratioofequipment,lowersproductioncosts,cangetthefairlygoodeconomiceffect.Five,quick-cuttingrouteprocessingacutterandprogrammingflatsurfacefeedstheroutechoice2)outlinesprocesstheroutechoiceKeepcuttingloadingstablekeepsrelativelystablemovingforwardgivingamountsandfeedspeedkeepsthegardencornerinflatsurfacecuttingchoosesthefinishmachiningmarginrationallyProgrammingdemandofHSCfinishmachiningtoCAM:thebrightmetalavoidingacornertothefullcutsmotion;triesone'sbesttoavoidexternalfeedofworkpieceandenternextdepthreturnknifemotion,directfromtheoutline.Oradoptahelicallineorbeingsureenterslantingtomovingforward;constanteachedgefeed,improvethequality,prolongscutterlife-span;outlinetreatingarekeptwaitinginlevelsurface.Quick-cuttingCAMsoftware:Severalyearsagowillhavestartedquick-cuttingprocessingprogrammingtechnologyresearch,theDelcamcompany,hasdevelopedthequick-cuttingautomationprogrammingsoftwaremodule;Lately,theMasterCAMcompanyhasalsodevelopedthequick-cuttingautomationprogrammingsoftwaremodule;Youalsoareininthehomelandnorthnavigationdevelopingthequick-cuttingautomationprogrammingsoftwaremodule;Six,high-speedmachinetoolnumericalcontrolsystemcharacteristichighspeeddataisprocessedcornerforecastsarehandledNURBSarenotjustifiedappearancestriprunincurvetreatingSeven,safequick-cuttingmouldproblemMonitoringwearingacutterawayanddestroying;Intensitythatthebitlinks;Strictwiththemachinetoolandthecutterexaminationisveryimportantandbeforetheaveragemachinetoolprocessingdiversity,safetyprotectsandstartsup.Eight,thereexistsprobleminourcountryatpresentinadopthighspeedtoprocessthemouldtechnology1machinetool:41)domestichigh-speedmachinetooloverallfunctionstillhasthegap,thefunctioncomponentfunctiontobeabletonotsatisfyarequest.Powerandrotationrateincludingtheelectricitychiefaxis,entrancemachinetoolpriceishigh;2)Underthemachinetoolhighspeed,thedynamicbehaviourstudiesthefunctionbeingnotenoughtoaffectacompletemachineasaresult,;3)Thefivescrollofmachinetoolisnotenoughmature,entrancemachinetoolpriceisveryhigh;4)supportingtechnologyandequipmentarefairlyincomplete2cutters:domesticcutterisnotabletoadapttothequick-cuttingapplication,highspeedcutsonlyentiretreatingespeciallystiffly.Entrancecutterpriceishigh.Thecuttertechnologyistoaffectquickcuttingprocessingakeyfactorofmould.supportingtechnologiesarenotenoughtoincludehilt,onlinedynamicbalanceincompletesetetc..highspeedmouldsprocessthetechnologyandtheexperiment1)Beshortoftheaccumulationapplyingexperiencesincehighspeedprocessesthemouldhistorycomparativelyshortly,;2)Thecomparisonstudyingcomparisonstopsthrowingintolack,setsupaprojecttoquick-cuttinghandicraftisdifficult;)Beshortofthequick-cuttingdatabaseorthehandbook,isstillblankspaceatpresent;)mouldsproducethemanufacturercognitionlacktoquick-cutting,theanalysiscontrastbeingshortoflongrangebeneficialresult;Beshortofthequick-cuttingautomationprogrammingsoftware;Beshortofafivescrollofgearquick-cuttingautomationprogrammingCAMsoftware.ConcludingremarkThemouldmarketplacehastheintenseneed,buttechnologytobeunabletokeepabreastwithtohighspeedtreating.Startingislate,thebasisisrelativelypoor,overallengineeringlevelnotbeingtallerthan,developsslowlyRequirethatonebyone,aspectcoordinatedgrowth,theproductmimicinkstonethrowingintocombiningwithenlarging,eachcomprehensiveutilizationaspectstrengthsdrivequick-cuttingapplicationinmakinginthemould..Ourhope,effortpassingeveryaspect,beforethemarketdemandpushgodown,passtechnologicalprogress,looklikeautomobile,machinetool,homeappliance,beforelong,notonlyourcountrybeinggoingtobecomeamouldproducingGreatPower,andbegoingtobecomeamouldproducingthepowerfulcountry.ReferencesJinDiecheng,SongFangzhi.Themodernmouldmakesthetechnology,Beijing:Mechanicalindustrypress,2001.XuHefeng,Thedigitizationmouldmakesthetechnology,Beijing:Chemicalindustrypress,2001.3,ZhaoBo,Highspeedprocessestheforwardpositiontechnologythatthemouldprocesses.Mouldtechnology,2000,(2)4,ZhangHaiou,Thefleetnessmouldmakesthetechnologycurrentsituationandtheirdevelopingtrend.Mouldtechnology,2000,(6)5,GuoDongming,WangXiaoming,Begearedtotheneedsoftheparticularkindprocessingtechnologythatthefleetnesscreates.Chinesemechanicalengineering,2000,(11)5高速加工和现代模具制造一、概述1(目前模具制造的发展现状和趋势模具作为重要的工艺装备，在消费品、电器电子、汽车、飞机制造等工业部门中，占有举足轻重的地位。工业产品零件粗加工的75%，精加工的50%及塑料零件的90%将由模具完成。目前中国模具市场需求已达500亿元之规模。汽车模具、特别是覆盖件模具年增长速度将超过20%;建材模具也迅速发展，各种异型材模具、墙面和地面模具成为模具的新增长点，今后几年塑料门窗和塑料排水管增长将超过30%;家电模具年增长速度将超过10%;IT业年均增长速度超过20%，对模具的需求占模具市场的20%。2004年中国机床工具工业产值将继续增长。我国模具制造市场潜力巨大。根据资料统计，近年来，我国模具的年总产值达到30亿美元，进口超过10亿美元，出口超过1亿美元。增长从1995年的25%增加到2005年的50%。国外专家预言:亚洲在全球模具制造中占据的份额，将从1995年的25%增加至2005年的50%。中国模具工业发展迅速，形成了华东和华南两大基地，并且逐渐扩大到其他省份。（山东,安徽,四川）1996年,2002年，模具制造业产值年平均增长14%，2003年增长25%。2003年我国模具产值为450亿人民币。总产量位居世界第3，出口模具3.368亿美元，比上年增长33.5%。但是，我国技术含量低的模具已供过于求，精密、复杂的高档模具很大部分依靠进口。每年进口模具超过10亿美元。出口超过1亿美元精密模具精度要求在2,3口m,大型模具需要满足8000kN合模力注塑机的要求;小型模具需满足直径1mm塑料管的要求。目前，采用高速切削生产模具已经成为模具制造的大趋势，在国外一些模具生产厂家，高速机床大面积取代电火花机床，高速切削大大提高了模具生产效率。机床企业瞄准模具生产企业，有的加工中心生产厂机床的60%以上卖给模具加工企业。高速切削逐渐取代电火花精加工模具在国外的模具制造企业已经普遍采用，高速切削生产模具已经成为逐渐模具制造的大趋势，大大提高了模具生产效率和质量。采用高速切削替代电火花生产模具，可以明显提高效率、提高模具精度、使用寿命长。2（高速加工在模具制造中的应用2（1高速切削的优点:刀具的高转速和机床的高进给以及高加速度，大大提高金属切除率;高速切削减小切削力;高速切削热大部分由切屑带走，工件发热少;高速切削减少振动，提高加工质量;2（2高速加工应用于模具加工的效益快速粗加工和半精加工，提高加工效率;高速高精度精加工硬切削代替光整加工，表明质量高，形状精度提高，比EDM加工提高效率50%,减少手工修磨；硬切削加工最后成型表面，提高表面质量、形状精度，（不仅是表面粗糙度低，而且表面光亮度高），用于复杂表面的加工更具优势;4）避免EDM加工产生的表面损伤，提高模具寿命20%;5）结合CAD/CAM技术快速加工电极，特别是形状复杂、薄壁类电极。3（采用高速切削加工模具需要解决的问题在国内，由于资金、技术等方面的原因，应用高速切削生产模具还处于初期阶段。还存在机床、刀具、工艺以及其他方面的一些问题需要逐步解决。缺点是加工成本高，对刀具的使用有较高的要求，不能使用过大的刀具，要有复杂的计算机编程技术做支持，设备运行成本高。二、加工模具的高速加工机床模具精加工和硬切削加工需要数控高速机床,模板、模架加工需要精密、高效数控机床等。许多机床企业瞄准模具生产，有的加工中心生产厂机床的60%以上卖给模具企业。模具行业今后几年年均有50亿元的6固定资产投入，其中80%是购买模具加工设备，也就是说每年有40亿元人民币要购买金切机床。目前我国数控机床的平均利用率大约20%，高速机床的利用率3,5%。模具企业也有相当的单位购买高速机床，从6000,40000rmp的都有。1（高速机床的技术参数要求加工中心主轴大功率、高转速，满足粗精加工;精加工模具要用小直径刀具，机床一般要达到15000,20000rmp。通常主轴转速在10000rpm以下的机床可以进行粗加工和半精加工，达不到精加工的精度;无法达到400m/min以上的切削速度。2(五轴机床的应用增加趋势1)加工路线灵活，表面形状复杂;2)加工范围大，适合多种类型模具加工;3)切削条件好，减少刀具磨损，提高刀具寿命;3(购买CAD/CAM软件和高速机床配套据统计，每年有几十亿美元用于进口机床，大部分电加工机床和高速机床需要进口。三、高速切削模具的刀具技术高速切削加工还需配备适宜高速切削的刀具。高速加工刀具材料的进展促使了高速加工的发展。硬质合金涂层刀具、聚晶增强陶瓷刀具使得兼顾高硬度的刀刃部和高韧性的基体成为可能。聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)刀片,其硬度可达3500,4500HV。聚晶金刚石(PCD)其硬度可达6000,10000HV。近年来德国SCS、日本三菱(神钢)及住友、瑞士山特维克、美国肯纳飞硕等国外著名刀具公司都先后推出了各自的高速切削刀具，不仅有高速切削普通结构钢的刀具,还有能直接高速切削淬硬钢的陶瓷刀具等超硬刀具,尤其是涂层刀具异军突起,在淬硬钢的半精加工和精加工中发挥着巨大作用。新刀具材料和刀具技术的出现已经使高速