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中考英语名词专项复习【考点清单】一、可数名词复数形式的构成方法1.一般情况下,在名词词尾直接加-s。2.以[s]、[z]、[5]、[ʒ]、[tj]、[dʒ]等音素结尾的名词变复数时加-es;如果词尾为e,则只加-s。3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,大多数变y为i再加-es;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词直接加-s。4.以f(e)结尾的名词,大多数将f(e)改为v,再加-es。5.以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词,多数情况下加-es,photo、piano除外;以“元音字母+0”结尾的名词一般加-S。6.改变内部元音或词尾构成复数形式的名词。man的复数为men,woman的复数为women,foot的复数为feet,tooth的复数为teeth,child的复数为children。7.表示“某国人”的词变复数时,Chinese、Japanese等单复数形式相同;Englishman、Frenchman是把字母a变成字母e;American、AustralianCanadian、German等是在词尾直接加-s。8.合成名词的复数形式。中间没有连字符或间隔的合成名词,将最后一个词变复数,如birthdays;中间有连字符或间隔的合成名词,将主体词变复数,如daughters-in-law;“man/woman+名词”式的合成名词,两个名词须同时变为复数形式,如womenteachers。“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成合成词作定语,其中的名词用单数形式时,词与词之间须有连字符连接;其中的名词用复数形式时,词与词之间不用连字符,但名词复数形式需变所有格。例如:atwo-weekholiday或twoweeksholiday.10.单复数形式相同的名词。sheep、deer等名词的单复数形式相同。11.集体名词的单复数概念及变化形式。people意为“人们”时本身即为复数概念;意为“民族”时为单数,其复数形式为peoples,family、teamarmy等侧重整体概念时常以单数形式出现,若表示多个这样的整体有复数形式,其变化规则与其他可数名词变复数时的变化规则一样;若侧重成员则表示复数意义。二、名词的可数与不可数12.常见的不可数名词。物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词,如breadmoney、paper(表示“纸”之意)、medicine、advice、musicweather等;news虽以s结尾,但它是一个不可数名词。这些词常借助piece、cup、pair等单位词表示数量,若表示复数概念,需要把单位词变成复数形式。13.既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词的词。fish意为“鱼”时是可数名词,指种类时其复数为fishes,指条数时单复数同形;意为餐桌上的“鱼肉”时为不可数名词。glass意为“玻璃”时为不可数名词;意为“玻璃杯”时为可数名词,复数形式glasses还可意为“眼镜”。orange意为“橙子”时为可数名词;意为“橙色”时为不可数名词。room意为“房间”时为可数名词;意为“地方,空间”时为不可数名词。14.可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语。(a)fewmanyseveralanumberofagreat/goodmanyacoupleof和manya等只能修饰可数名词;(a)little、much、agood/greatdealofabitof和alargeamountof等只能修饰不可数名词;some、alotof.lotsof、plentyofall等既能修饰可数名词复数,也能修饰不可数名词。三、名词所有格15.-'s所有格的构成和用法。一般情况下,可数名词单数的所有格是在名词词尾直接加-'s;以s或es结尾的可数名词复数在其词尾加-';不以s或es结尾的可数名词复数在其词尾加-'s。表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时,'s所有格后常不出现它所修饰的名词。表示两人或多人共有时,只需将最后一个名词变为-'s所有格;表示两人或多人分别拥有时,各个名词的词尾都需加-’s表示时间、天气、距离、价格、国家、城市或团体等的名词也常用-'s所有格表示所有关系。16.of所有格。表示无生命事物的名词的所有关系,一般用of所有格。17.双重所有格。“of+-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。双重所有格表示部分概念,of前的名词通常有限定词,如aan、one、some、many、any、no等;of后用-’s所有格的名词必须是明确限定的、指人的。四、名词的词义辨析……………18.各地中考对名词的考查侧重于常见名词的词义辨析。考生在平时的学习过程中,应该掌握重点词汇的含义,在语境中正确辨析词义,这样才能选择出正确的名词。【精题精练】I.单项选择(一)1.-Whatdoyouthinkofyournewhousebuiltbythelocalgovernment?-PrettygooD.Ihaveaofhappinessnow.A.warning B.tradition C.feeling D.question 2.-Ilikebest.-SodoI.ItakesingingclasseseveryweekenD.A.music B.physics C.math D.history 3.MrHuangisanexcellentEnglishteacherwhohasover20yearsteaching.A.experience B.information C.knowledge D.journey4.Wouldyousendmesomeofyours?Imissyouverymuch!A.magazines B.photos C.money D.advice 5.Lilyisafriendof.A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smother C.Marymother's D.Marymother 6.Howmuch_____doweneedtomakeabananamilkshake?A.bananas B.apples C.coffee D.milk 7.SpendingtoomuchplayingcomputergamesisbadforyourA.time;eye B.time;eyes C.times;eyes D.times;eye 8.-MissHuangalwaysadvisesustopractisespeakingEnglishafterclass.-Sheisright.SpeakingisanimportantlanguageA.sign B.skill C.suggestion D.work 9.Ilikethissong.It’sbyoneofmyfavouriteA.singers B.dancers C.painters D.writers 10.Forhisson’sbirthday,StevenistakinghimtothenewmovieasaA.task B.treat C.choice D.visit 11.Youcanseetheonourfaceswhenwetalkaboutthegreatachievementsinthepast70years.A.doubt B.pride C.regret D.ability 12.Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstookrest.A.afewminute's B.alittleminute's C.afewminutes’ D.alittleminutes 13.I'dlikesomeandA.banana;tomato B.bananas;tomato Cbananas;tomatoes D.banana;tomatoes 14.InChina,thecolourredistheofgoodluck.A.dream B.way C.symbol D.reason 15.-It'suselesstoregretwhathasbeendone.Don’tmakethosemistakesagain.-Iwon't.That'sa(n)A.order B.decision C.promise D.agreement (二)1.Inarestaurant,peopleusuallychoosefoodsanddrinksfromtheA.book B.menu C.newspaper D.magazine 2.WeusuallyknowaboutthehistoryofacityintheA.museum B.factory C.bank D.hospital 3.-InChina,weuseredpapertomakehongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.-That’sinteresting!IwanttoknowalltheChinese.A.traditions B.sentences C.notices D.problems 4.HisfatherwasagreatinLeishenshanHospitalinWuhan.A.actor B.singer C.violinist D.doctor 5.Nobodythoughtiteasytofinishsomuchworkin.A.twodays'timeB.two-daystime C.twoday'stime D.twodaystime6.Duringthepandemic(流行病)manyinourcitywenttoHubeiProvinceasvolunteers.A.womandoctor B.womandoctors C.womendoctors D.womendoctor 7.Mikedoesn’thaveenoughmoney,sohecanonlyaffordA.abread B.toomuchbreadC.apieceofbread D.manybread 8.-Hereismyfamily.Wetookitlastyear.-Whatahappyfamily!A.member B.name C.photo D.house 9.-Theairisveryfreshinourcity.Thereisless____thanbefore.-Yes.Thegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotecttheenvironment.A.wood B.pollution C.noise D.water 10.June1stis___Day.Mysisterishappyonthatdayeveryyear.A.Women's B.Father's C.Teachers D.Children's 11.-CanIhelpyou,Madam?-Yes.,please..A.Twopairofsocks B.Twopairsofsocks C.Twopairsofsock D.Twopairofsock 12.Janeisverythirsty,sosheneedssome.A.water B.bread C.cakes D.rice 13.Theproblemsaredifficulttosolve.Pleasegiveme.A.manyadvice B.someadvice C.anadvice D.someadvices 14.-Ikeeprunningeveryday.-Wow!That'sagood.Itcankeepyouhealthy.A.task B.exercise C.habit D.plan 15.Theboyhasbeenmissingforfivedaysandhisparentsareworriedabouthis.A.attention B.safety C.action D.growth (三)1.Afactorywillbebuiltfortheofthistypeofnewenergycars.A.position B.population C.production D.pronunciation 2.ManyteenagerswanttobelikeZhongNanshanwhentheygrowup.A.writers B.engineers C.doctors D.inventors 3.MrLiuisawiseman,andheoftengivesusafew.A.suggestions B.advice C.hobbies D.knowledge 4.Couldyoupleasepassmeatowritewith?A.ruler B.tape C.pen D.knife 5.-Jim,Ihaveinfinishingsomuchwork.-Don'tworry.Icanhelpyou.A.ability B.success C.experience D.difficulty 6.Asthesayinggoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisa.”A.wish B.road C.way D.key7.Sandyreallylikeseatingmeat,butshedoesn’tlikeeating_.A.breads B.vegetables C.chickens D.noodle 8.-Oh,no!Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo?-I’mafraidthatwehavenobuttotakeataxi.A.idea B.decision C.reason D.choice 9.-MoreandmoreforeignerscometovisittheGreatWall.-That'strue.ItistheofChina.A.praise B.pride C.effort D.courage 10.-It'stoday,isn’tit?-Yes,itis.Let’senjoythemoonwhileeatingsomemooncakestonight.A.theLanternFestival B.theMid-AutumnDay C.theDragonBoatFestival D.theSpringFestival 11.roomlooksveryclean.A.BobandDave'sB.Bob'sandDave's C.Bob'sandDave D.BobandDave 12.Hehadhishaircutatthe___aroundthecorner.A.barber B.barbers C.barber's D.barbers 13.-Tomorrowisourmother’sbirthday.Let'sbuysomeflowersforher.-OK.Iknowshelikesbest.A.dresses B.rings C.handbags D.roses 14.Mymotherhasapoorofdirection,sosheisalwaysafraidtogooutalone.A.scene B.silence C.service D.sense 15.Pleasereadthebeforeyoutakethemedicine.A.introductions B.explanations C.instructions D.experiments II.写出下列名词的复数形式1.book2.house3.country4.life 5.postman6.hero 7.orange8.Japanese 9.factory 10.child 11.tree12.monkey Ⅲ根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)1.Thereisafashion(演出)attheschoolhall.2.Smokingisbadforour(健康),sowemustgiveitup.3.Mynewdressismadeof(丝绸).4.Itisimportantandgoodforustobrushour(牙齿)aftermeals.5.YaoMingisoneofmyfavoritebasketball(运动员)。6.ItisagoodideatokeepEnglish(日记)everyday.7.Mysisterwantstobea(模特).8.Therearelotsof(蔬菜)inthesupermarket,suchaspotatoesandcabbages.9.Many(地区)ofthiscountryhavesufferedseveredroughtthisyear.10.HeinvitedLilytohavedinnerataFrench(餐馆).IV.中所的适当形式填空street instruct energetic tomato manteacher singer tooth rule American communicate 1.Thatyoungmanisoneofmyfavouritepop.2.Smallcarsareusefulincitieswithnarrow.3.TheQueqiaosatellite(卫星)willforma_bridgebetweencontrollersontheEarthandthefarsideoftheMoon.4.Look,wehavemutton,fish,eggs,andjuicefordinner.5.Manyliketohavehamburgersforlunch.6.Computerscannotworkwithoutfromhumanbeings.7.Thechildissofullofthathecan’tkeepquiet.8.Therearemorethanonehundredteachersinourschool,andmostofthemare.9.Weshouldbrushouratleasttwiceaday.10.Youmustfollowthetrafficontheway.V.

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