儿科营养-INFANTILE DIARRHEA英文内容

INFANTILEDIARRHEA

1TreatmentTheprinciplesAdjustmentofthedietPreventionandimprovementofthedehydrationProperdrugstherapyIntensificationofthenursingPreventionofthecomplications

2Treatment

1.Thetherapyoftheacutediarrhea(1)Dietotherapy(2)Improvementofthedisturbanceofthefluids,electrolyteandacid-basebalance

3Treatment

1)Oralfluidinfusion

Oralrehydrationsalts,ORS

ComponentSod.Chloridi3.5gSod.Bicarbonate2.5gPatCitrate1.5gGlucose20.0gWater1000ml4TreatmentORSTonicity220mmol/L(2/3T)IndicationMilddehydration:50-80ml/kgModerateDehydration:80-100ml/kg

5TreatmentORSContraindicationNeonatalinfantVomitingSeveredehydrationShockHeartfailureRenalfailureHighfeverAbdominaldistentionHypertonicdehydration

6Treatment

2)VenoustransfusionThefirst-daytransfusionTotalquantityoffluidsMilddehydration:90-120ml/kgModeratedehydration:120-150ml/kgSeveredehydration:150-180ml/kg7Treatment2)VenoustransfusionThequalityoffluidsIsotonicdehydration:1/2THypotonicdehydration:2/3THypertonicdehydration:1/3T8Treatment2)VenoustransfusionThetransfusionrateDilatationbloodcapacityphase20ml/kg(in30-60min)Supplyingthecumulativedosephase8-10ml/kg·h(in8-12h)Supplyingthemaintenancedosephase5ml/kg·h(in12-16h)9Treatment2)VenoustransfusionImprovementofacidosisAftertransfusion,somepatientswithacidosishadcorrectedSevereacidosis1.4%Sod.bicarbonate5%Sod.bicarbonate(ml)=(-BE)×0.5×WT(kg)Sod.bicarbonate(mmol)=(22—CO2cp)mmolx0.6xWT(kg)10Treatment2)VenoustransfusionImprovementofthehypokalium10%KCLSolution3---6mmol.kg.d(10%kcl1—3ml.kg.d)Urinationin6hourConcentration:<0.3%