新高考英语二轮复习课时练高考题型组合练第6组组合练(十六)阅读理解主题练阅读理解＋阅读七选五 (含解析)

第六组人与自然(二)——灾害防范和宇宙探索常见话题词汇：explore，spacecraft，spaceship，launch，satellite，transmit，leap，giant，orbit，spacewalk，dock，signal，float，solarsystem，facility，globe，fatal，analysis，desire，monitor，mystery，onboard，frontier，gravity，astronaut，rescue，victim，seriousness，shortage，typhoon，natural，universe，vehicle，rocket，intelligent，exploration，presence，surface，observation，measurement，planet，survive，existence，damage，breathe，struggle，remove，amazing，conscious，washaway，shelter，electricity，damage，destroy，government，plant，balance，trap，overcome，district，disaster，mission，experiment组合练(十六)阅读理解主题练阅读理解＋阅读七选五Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheBestNationalParkstoVisitinWinterWhilemostparkstendtodrawfamiliesinthesummerandfall，therearealsoidealspotsforadventurouswintertrips.YellowstoneNationalPark，WyomingThecountry’soldestandbest-knownnationalparktakesonanalmostotherworldlyatmosphereinwinter：theairfilledwithrollingsteam，thestrongcolorsofhotsprings，thesurroundingwhitelandscapes，letalonetheimpressivewildlifeduringthistime，likebison，wolves，andplayfulredfoxes.Justbookaguidedhikingtourtogetaranger’sperspectiveontheparkandlocalpeople.JoshuaTreeNationalPark，CaliforniaWithitsgiantredrocksanduniquetrees，you’llfeellikesteppingontoaforeignplanetasyouspendhourshikingthePanoramaLooporMazeLoop.TheparkisrecognizedasanInternationalDarkSkyPark，featuringvirtuallyzerolightpollutionandthecountry’sbestviewsofastarrysky.GrandCanyonNationalPark，ArizonaAsignificantlylowernumberofvisitorsinwintermeansyoucantakeinunblockedviewsoftheSouthRim，andgettoseetherarebeautyoftheGrandCanyondustedwithsnow.Forthoseadventurousanddaring，itisrecommendedtohiketheBrightAngelTrailandtakethechancetoseethecanyon’swintertimewildlife，includingmuledeer，elk，andbaldeagles.VirginIslandsNationalPark，St.JohnSurprise！Notallwintertimenationalparktripsneedtoinvolvesnow.VirginIslandsNationalParkismostfamousforitswhite-sandbeaches.Youcanalsohikeinlandtovisitoldsugarplantations，orventureouttothewatertoswimalongwithseaturtlesandmantarays.Youwilldefinitelyenjoyadifferentwinterhere.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国四个冬季最好的国家公园。)1．Whichparkwillonechooseifhe/sheisinterestedinstars?A．YellowstoneNationalPark.B．JoshuaTreeNationalPark.C．GrandCanyonNationalPark.D．VirginIslandsNationalPark.答案B解析细节理解题。根据JoshuaTreeNationalPark，California部分中第二句可知，如果对星星感兴趣，应该选择JoshuaTreeNationalPark。故选B。2．WhatdoweknowabouttheGrandCanyonNationalPark?A．WecanhaveapoorviewoftheSouthRimthere.B．Itliesinanareawithrollingsteamandhotsprings.C．Thereisaslightdeclineinvisitornumbersinwinter.D．TheBrightAngelTrailischallengingincoldweather.答案D解析细节理解题。根据GrandCanyonNationalPark，Arizona部分中第二句可知，在GrandCanyon国家公园，TheBrightAngelTrail在寒冷的天气具有挑战性。故选D。3．Whichactivityismentionedinalloftheparks?A．Hiking. B．Skiing.C．Swimming. D．Hunting.答案A解析细节理解题。根据YellowstoneNationalPark，Wyoming部分中最后一句、JoshuaTreeNationalPark，California部分中第一句、GrandCanyonNationalPark，Arizona部分中第二句和VirginIslandsNationalPark，St.John部分中第三句可知，所有的公园都提到了徒步旅行。故选A。BMorethanathirdofsmalltownsinGeorgialostpopulationinthelastyearalone，highlightingthechallengesofrevivingruralareas.Newcensus(人口普查)estimatesshowthatCamillafellbelow5,000residents.Sparksfellbelow2,000，andMilanfellto661residentsforalossof7%ofitspopulation.AllthreetownsareinSouthGeorgia.Manyoftheyoungpeopleinthesecommunitiesgraduatefromhighschoolanddon’tcomeback.“Theygotocollege，whatever，theydon’tcomeback，”saidDavidBridges，headofitsCenterforRuralProsperityandInnovationinTifton.Meanwhile，Georgia’scitiesaregrowing，havingnoproblemdrawingpeoplefromsmalltownsandothercities.Atlantagrewmorethan1%inthepastyearandisnownearingthehalf-million-residentmark.Thetrendofpeoplemovingfromruraltourbanareasishardlyanewone—it’sbeengoingonworldwideformorethanacentury.Butcontinuedpopulationlosseshaveraisedquestionsaboutwhetherruralareascandoanythingtoreversethetide.Ruralresidentscanfaceanumberofchallengesincludingaccesstogoodjobs，transportationandhealthcare.Manufacturingjobshavedriedupinmanyplaces，whilemodernizationandnewtechnologymeansfewerpeopleareneededforfarming.Andmanypeoplearedecidingtohavesmallerfamiliesthanwastypicalacenturyago.“Theoldergenerationisdying，theyoungergenerationismovingaway，andbecausethereareperceivedtobefewerbusinessopportunities，financialopportunities，etc.It’sverychallengingtogetinboundpopulation，”Bridgessaid.Demographers(人口学家)expecttheshiftfromruraltourbantocontinue.ButtherearesomebrightspotsinruralAmericastill.JacksonCountynearAthenswasrecentlynamedoneofthefastest-growingcountiesinthenationbytheCensusBureau.Amazonopenedalargefulfillmentcenterthereacoupleofyearsago.AndYoungHarris，neartheGeorgia-NorthCarolinaborder，hasgrownbymorethan80%since2010.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了美国小城镇/农村地区人口流失的现象。)4．Whathappenedtothesmalltownsmentionedinparagraph1?A．Theirsizesgrewrapidly.B．Theirpopulationdeclined.C．Theydrewmoreresidents.D．Theyraisedchallengestolocals.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，仅去年一年，佐治亚州就有超过三分之一的小城镇人口流失，使得振兴农村地区的挑战更加明显。由此可知，小城镇出现了人口流失现象，即它们的人口减少了。故选B。5．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“reversethetide”underlinedinparagraph4?A．Peoplemovefromruraltourbanareas.B．Smalltownsdrawpeoplefromcities.C．Ruralareasdeveloptheireconomyquickly.D．Populationcontinuetogrowinurbanareas.答案B解析词义猜测题。第四段首句讲了“农村人口转移到城市”这一趋势，reversethetide(扭转这一趋势)意味着在农村人口流失现象的前提下，人们采取措施阻止农村人口流失，去吸引在大城市的人回到农村/小城镇，即人口从城市转移到农村，故选B。6．WhyisDavidBridgesquoted?A．Tooffermoreevidence.B．Todrawaconclusion.C．Toshowhiscontribution.D．Togivepartofthereasons.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第五段第一句和倒数第二段可知，Bridges的话佐证了农村人口流失和难以吸引外来人口去农村的原因。故选D。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．JacksonCountyisthebesttownintheUS.B．Ruraltownswillkeepgrowingtolargerones.C．Otherswillfollowtheleadofthesebrightspots.D．Therecanbemeasurestohelpruraltownsgrow.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，虽然农村人口流失仍在继续，但有些农村地区的人口增加了。由此可知，采取一定的措施还是可以促进农村地区人口的增长的。故选D。C(2022·河南六市一模)Tomakeroomforagriculture，treesandotherplantsareoftenclearedawaysothatfarmershavespacetogrowcrops.Theclearingofforestsforcesmanyanimalsfromtheirhomes.Theyoftenfleetheareainsearchofanewplacetolivein.Thereisabigdownsidetothat.Someofthoseanimalsarenaturalpredators.Theycontrolpestpopulations.Theycanhelptoclearthefieldsofrats，mice，andotherrodentsthateatanddamagecrops.ThishappenedatonesmallfarmingvillageinIndonesia.Afterlandwasclearedforfarming，ratsandmicebeganappearinginlargenumbers.Villagerstriedtotargettheanimalsbysmokingthemoutandhuntingthem.Butthevillagerswereunsuccessful.So，onefarmerdecidedtotryanothermethod—anaturalone.PujoArtobroughtowlstohisfarm.Owls，afterall，areexpertsathuntingrodents.Itiswhattheydo.Anditworked！However，PujoArtodidn’tstopwithhisownfield.HesetupaNaturalPredatorProgram.Now，owlsarebusycatchingratsandmiceinthefieldsaroundthevillageofTlogoweru.Thereisahugeupside：noneedforchemicalpesticideswhichcanharmnotonlyrodents，butothercreatures.In2011，theIndonesianmanbegansettingupboxeswheretheowlslive.Heisalsoraisingowletsinthevillage.Afteraboutfourmonths，theyoungbirdsarereleased.Thesefacilitieshaveraisedmorethanowls.Theyhavealsoraisedawarenessinthecommunityabouttheimportanceofowls.Theyraisedawarenesswithintheircommunitybybuildinghomesforthoseowls.Atthesametime，governmentofficialshelpedtocreatelawstoprotectthoseowls.Inadditiontocontrollingpestsnaturally，thereisanotherupsidetotheprogram.Hisvillageisnowapopularstopforeco-tourists.Peopleinterestedinlearningmoreaboutowls，wildlifeprotectionandnaturalpestcontrolcometohisvillagetolearnmore.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了印度尼西亚一个村庄实施自然捕食者计划，利用猫头鹰消灭啮齿类有害动物的故事，说明了生态控制有害动物或害虫的好处。8．Whydidtheowlsgetawayfromthelandaroundthevillage?A．Therewasnofoodtoeat.B．Thereweretoomanyratsandmice.C．Theyweresmokedaway.D．Theyhadnoplacetolive.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，为了发展农业人们砍伐树木，森林的砍伐迫使猫头鹰等许多动物离开家园，逃离这个地区去寻找新的居住地。故选D。9．NaturalPredatorProgramis.A．touseowlstocatchthecrop-damagingrodentsB．toattracteco-touriststothevillageC．toraiseawarenessofprotectingforestsD．tocontrolpestsbyusingchemicalpesticides答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“HesetupaNaturalPredatorProgram...aroundthevillageofTlogoweru.”可知，自然捕食者计划指的是借助猫头鹰来捕杀老鼠等破坏庄稼的啮齿类有害动物，故选A。10．Whichofthefollowingistherightorderaccordingtothepassage?a．introducingowlsb．pestsbeingcontrollednaturallyc．rodentsappearinginlargenumbersd．clearingforestsA．abcd B．bcdaC．dcab D．dabc答案C解析细节排序题。根据文章内容可知，为了发展农业人们砍伐树木，导致啮齿类有害动物猖獗破坏庄稼，于是引进啮齿类有害动物的天敌猫头鹰，使得害虫被自然控制。根据发生的先后顺序，故选C。11．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Theimportanceofprotectingowls.B．Indonesianvillageusesowlstoprotectcrops.C．Theadvantagesofusingnaturalpredatorsinagriculture.D．Thegovernment’sroleinusingowlstocontrolpests.答案B解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了印度尼西亚一个村庄实施自然捕食者计划，利用猫头鹰消灭啮齿类有害动物的故事，说明了生态控制有害动物或害虫的好处。故选B。D(2022·安徽江淮十校联考)Afteryoufinishyourfries，eattheketchuppacket.Whenyouaddyourpastatoboilingwater，putthebagintothepot，too.Iftheseinstructionssoundconfusingtoyou，it’sonlybecauseyouhaven’tyetheardofNotpla，aLondon-basedstartupcompanythatisdesigningaseaweed-basedreplacementforsingle-useplasticpackaging.NotpladesigndirectorKarlijnSibbelsaystheylooktonatureasinspirationfortheidealpackagingliketheskinonafruit.“Apeelwilleventuallybeusedasnutrientsbynature，anddisappearandbecomeapartofthecycle，”shesaid.AccordingtotheUN,9.15billiontonsofplastichasbeenproducedsincetheearly1950s，andabout60%hasbeenland-filledorabandonedoutdoors.Micro-plastics，whichareoftentheresultoflargerplasticsbreakingdown，pollutetheocean，theairandourbodies.Overthepastfewyears，therehasbeenagrowingmovementagainstsingle-useplasticsasmanyexpertshavearguedtheproductsareunnecessaryandharmful.IntheUS，someplaceshavetakenaction：NewYorkbannedmostplasticshoppingbags，andinMiamiBeach，plasticstrawshavebeenoutlawed.“Overseas，theEuropeanUnionputabroadbanonsingle-useplasticsintoeffectthissummer，”thegovernmentannouncedinAugust.“Notpla’sfounders，RodrigoGaroiaGonzálezandPierrePaslie，initiallylookedtoseaweedasthesolutiontotheworld’splasticproblembecauseitisabundant，growsquickly，doesn’tcompetewithlandcrops，”Sibbelexplained.Therearealsomanydifferentseaweedspecies，andtheycanbeharvestedorfarmed.Seaweeddoesn’tuseland;itdoesn’tusepesticides.Itcangrowintotheoceanandthesea，whereitactuallyhasalotofpositivebenefitssoitcancreatenewecosystemsforotherorganismstothrivein.“Astheyscaleup，Notpla’steamhopesseaweedcouldreplacesingle-useplasticinthesupplychainmorebroadly，”Sibbelsaid.Butwiththevolumeofplasticsusedaroundtheworld，sheunderstandstheenormity(巨大)ofsuchatask.“Idon’tthinkonematerialoronesolutionisgoingtosolveeverything，butwethinkthatseaweedreallytickstherightboxes，”shesaid.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。随着塑料污染越来越严重，很多国家或地区已经采取措施应对。在伦敦，一家公司发明了以海草为原料的包装，从源头杜绝污染。12．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthefirstparagraph?A．Thetastyfoodmadefromseaweedsuchaspasta.B．Commonfunctionsofseaweed.C．ThefamouscompanycalledNotpla.D．Plasticpackagingmadefromseaweed.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第一段第三句可知，第一段主要介绍了由海草制成的塑料包装。故选D。13．Whatcanbelearnedaboutplasticpollutionandsolutionsfromthepassage?A．Micro-plasticscanonlybefoundinthesea.B．Thesingle-useplasticsareconsideredavoidablebymanyexperts.C．Morethanhalfoftheplasticproducedhasbeenland-filled.D．TheEuropeanUnionandtheUShavecompletelystoppedusingsingle-useplastics.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可推断，专家认为一次性塑料的使用是可以避免的。故选B。14．Whichisnotthereasonforthecompany’sfoundersturningtoseaweed?A．Itispesticide-free.B．Itiseasilyaccessible.C．Itcangrowonland.D．Itcandogoodtotheocean.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“doesn’tcompetewithlandcrops”和“seaweeddoesn’tuseland”可知，海草不会生长在地面上。故选C。15．WhichwordbestdescribesKarlijnSibbel’sattitudetothefutureuseofseaweed?A．Optimistic. B．Uncertain.C．Negative. D．Worried.答案A解析观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可推断，她对此抱有乐观的态度。故选A。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2022·河南许平汝联盟联考)Debrisflow(泥石流)isakindofdestructivegeologicaldisaster.JulytoAugustisthemostfrequentperiodofdebrisflowinChina.1，itcanincreasetheprobabilityofsurvivalinanemergency.Don’toverlookyoursurroundingswhilehiking.Payattentiontothesurroundingenvironmentandpayspecialattentiontowhetheryouhearthunder-likesoundfromthevalleyinthedistance.Ifyouhearit，youshouldraisethealarm.2.Don’tpanicandescapeinthedirectionofdebrisflow.Whenmeetingwithdebrisflow，staycalm.3.Ifthepathisperpendicular(垂直的)tothedirectionofdebrisflowandclimbstothehillsideonbothsides，thehigherthe