新高考英语二轮复习课时练第2部分完形填空与语法填空专题4第1 有提示词类动词 (含解析)

语法填空是对考生语法和上下文的语境理解的考查，要求考生具备语法知识、语篇知识、单词拼写和逻辑推理的能力等。年份卷别体裁话题短文词数有提示词无提示词谓语动词非谓语动词词性转换名词代词比较等级冠词介词连词代词副词限定词2022全国乙卷说明文第一个国际茶日230131011111000全国甲卷记叙文徒步旅行230132001111000新高考全国Ⅰ卷说明文GPNP计划2252211001120002021全国乙卷说明文生态旅游198023110111000全国甲卷记叙文游览西安古城墙176221101111000新高考全国Ⅰ卷记叙文游览黄山2011121111020002020全国Ⅰ卷说明文中国无人探测器登月成功210312010002001全国Ⅱ卷说明文新年装饰物的美好寓意205133000120000全国Ⅲ卷记叙文自然母亲229222001012000新高考全国Ⅰ卷说明文博物馆相关知识204312010012000语法填空可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种考查方式。一般情况下，七个小题为有提示词类，常考查动词、名词、代词、形容词和副词；三个小题为无提示词类，常考查介词、冠词、连词和代词。所以在复习备考中，我们要准确掌握以上词类的用法，才能巧解和破解语法填空题。第1讲有提示词类——动词动词一般考查谓语动词、非谓语动词和动词的词性转换。看到一个句子后，首先要确定其是用谓语动词还是用非谓语动词，然后再根据句意和相应的技法确定谓语动词或非谓语动词的具体形式。如果判断发现此空既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，那就应该考虑动词的词性转换了。考点一谓语动词的考查技法一如何确定是否作谓语技法指导：句子结构分析法典例展示1.分析句子结构知此句为简单句，在主语后面要填动词，而且只有这一个动词，则该空格应填谓语动词。2.分析句子结构知此句为并列句，可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。3.分析句子结构知此句为复合句，可知主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。注意1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态；3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)TheGPNP60.(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems，preservingbiologicaldiversity，protectingecologicalbufferzones,61.andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”．分析句子结构可知，此句虽长，却是一个简单句。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语TheGPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态；主语是单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填isdesigned。技法二如何确定谓语动词的时态解题思路技法点拨针对训练1.慧眼识别标志词认清常考时态的标志性时间状语(1)看到often，usually，always，everytime，sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。(2)看到yesterday，lastyear，in2022，theotherday，twodaysago，一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。(3)看到tomorrow，nextyear，inaweek，inthefuture，soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。(4)看到atthismoment，atpresent，now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，inthelast/pastfewyears，sofar/uptonow，for＋时间段，eversince...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。(6)看到bythen，bytheendof...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。1.EverytimeIgohometoseemyfather，heoftenfishes(fish)intherivernearourvillage.2.Qizaiwasfound(find)asaweakbabypandain2009inQinlingMountains.3.Theexamresultswillbeput(put)uptomorrowafternoon.Pleasewaitpatiently.4.Thetwinsarehelping(help)theirmotherdothehouseworkatthismoment.5.(2022·全国甲)Inthelastfiveyears，Caohaswalked(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents，andin2016，hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro，Africa’shighestmountain.6.Byabout6000BC，peoplehaddiscovered(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.2.瞻前顾后找并列(1)可根据并列连词and，but，or，ratherthan，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。7.There，henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalsobecame(become)anaccomplishedpublicspeaker.8.Theelephantsinvadedfarms，visited(visit)acardealershipandevenshowedupataretirementhome.3.通过“常用句式”法掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsth.whensb.did...(2)had(just)donesth.when＋一般过去时(3)This/It/Thatisthefirst/second...timethatsb.have/hasdone...(4)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsb.haddone...(5)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时(6)It’s(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth.9.Iwasdriving(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.10.Thismarksthefirsttimethatcategoricalrhythmhasbeenfound(find)inanonhumanmammal.11.Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile，“Gotoexerciseandyouwillfeel(feel)better.”12.Therefore，itishightimethatwetook/shouldtake(take)effectivemeasurestoimprovethecurrentsituation.4.通过“语境暗示”法分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。13.Theword“thermopolium”literallymeant“aplacewheresomethinghotissold(sell)”atthattime.技法三如何确定谓语动词的语态解题思路技法点拨针对训练1.依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词，不同形式的被动语态的结构见下面的【注意】。(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。1.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，wewereinvited(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShore.2.(2020·全国Ⅰ)CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed(construct)．”3.(2022·河南许平汝联盟三模)Rather，itisseen(see)asatypicalreactiontothegrowingawarenessoftheproblemsthatcanresultfromclimatechangeandotherglobalthreats.2.牢记主动表被动含义的句式结构(1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；(2)当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；(3)当breakout，takeplace，shutoff，turnoff，workout等动词短语表示“发生，关闭，制定”等意思时。4.Therearemanyflowersinthegarden，whichsmell(smell)sosweetthattheyattractmanybutterflies.5.Thecoatyouboughtformeismadeofakindofclothwashing(wash)easily.6.Greatchangeshavetaken(take)placeinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.注意不同时态的被动语态的构成现在过去将来过去将来一般am/is/aredonewas/weredoneshall/willbedoneshould/wouldbedone进行am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone——完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendoneshall/willhavebeendoneshould/wouldhavebeendone含有情态动词情态动词＋be＋done技法四如何确定谓语动词的单复数形式(主谓一致)解题原则技法点拨针对训练1.语法一致原则(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。(2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。(3)and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。(5)“manya/morethanone＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。1.(2022·浙江1月)Travellingtoconferences，lectures，workshops，andthelike—frequentlybyplane—isviewed/hasbeenviewed(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.2.(2019·天津改编)Amy，aswellasherbrothers，wasgiven(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3.Thepoetandwriterhas(have)producedmanyworks，someofwhichhavebeentranslatedintoforeignlanguages.4.Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown，whichwas(be)veryattractive.5.Manyaparenthas(have)hadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.2.就近一致原则(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)．..，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。(2)由there，here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。6.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherwas(be)moveddeeplybythemovingstory.7.(2022·陕西咸阳模拟)Eventhoughthereare(be)moreopportunitiestogooutanddofunthingsinthecity，itmaytakefocusawayfromyourstudies.3.意义一致原则(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group等。(2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(3)由分数、百分数或者some，apartof等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。8.Theclasswere(be)doingexperimentwhentheteachercamein.9.Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.(have)10.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Often，onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollectionis(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.注意what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果表语是复数名词，则谓语动词用复数形式。Whattheschoolneedsarequalifiedteachers.考点二非谓语动词的考查技法一如何确定是非谓语动词典例展示(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)56．(cover)anareaaboutthreetimes57.thesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark，theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.分析句子结构可知，此句没有并列连词，知不是并列句，也没有从属连词，知不是复合句，可以确定此句是简单句；此句话已经有了谓语动词willbe，所以该空应填非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该词在句中作状语，其逻辑主语是theGPNP，它们是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式；此空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。技法二如何确定作主语和表语的非谓语动词考查方向解题思路针对训练非谓语动词作主语1.分析句子结构，找到句子的谓语部分，其前设空可能是缺少主语。如果是不具体的抽象的动作一般用-ing形式作主语；如果是具体的动作一般用不定式作主语。2.掌握一些it充当形式主语，动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型，常见句型见下面的【注意】。1.Carrying(carry)alargequantityofcashcouldputtheownerindangerasrobberiesquiteoftenhappenedalongtheway.2.(2019·全国Ⅲ)Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketoget(get)there.3.(2021·全国甲)Itispossibletowalk(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.非谓语动词作表语1.现在分词作表语，意为“令人感到……的”。2.动名词作表语，表示对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。3.过去分词作表语，意为“本身感到……的”。4.不定式作表语，表将来或目的。4.Thedayistocelebrate(celebrate)theimportanceandroleofphilosophyinourlives.5.(2018·全国Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged(challenge).6.Bioprintingmaybearelativelynewfieldbuttheresultssofarareencouraging(encourage).注意it充当形式主语，常见的动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型：(1)Itis/was＋形容词(for/ofsb.)＋todosth.(2)Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.(3)Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(4)It’sworthwhiletodo/doingsth.技法三如何确定作宾语的非谓语动词考查方向解题思路针对训练作介词的宾语1.介词和带介词的固定搭配后一定跟动名词作宾语。2.带介词to的短语后也跟动名词作宾语。常见的带介词to的短语见下面的【注意】。3.介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式要省略to。1.Somesayitisnecessaryforgraduatestospendmoneyinproducing(produce)embellishedresumesandbuyingsuitableclothes.2.Iwon’tcallmyselfthemostaccomplishedpersonwhenitcomestoholding(hold)chopsticks.3.Thewindowswereneveropenedexcepttoair(air)theroomforafewminutes.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语avoid，advise，appreciate，allow，admit，consider(考虑)，deny，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，permit，practice，quit，risk，suggest，giveup，beworth，putoff，insiston，keepon，succeedin等。4.Practicestaying(stay)highlyawareofyourbreath，yourpresence，andyourthoughts，andyouwillbecompletelyyourself.5.Youmayenjoyusingittodoresearchforaschoolproject，downloading(download)yourfavoritesongsorcommunicatingwithfriendsandfamily.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词agree，arrange，aim，afford，choose，demand，decide，determine，desire，expect，fail，hope，long(渴望)，learn，manage，offer，pretend，plan，promise，prepare，refuse，want，wish等。6.(2022·浙江1月)ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardownby75%，andsheplanstocontinue(continue)thepractice.既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语但表达含义不同的动词短语eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味着做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.忘记去做某事,forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.记得去做某事,rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.遗憾要做某事,regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事,can'thelptodosth.不能帮忙做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(stoptodosth.停下来去做某事,stopdoingsth.停止做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.尽力去做某事,trydoingsth.试着做某事))7.(2018·天津)Ididn’tmeantoeat(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelptrying(try)it.8.(2018·浙江)Istillremembervisiting(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.注意常见的带介词to的短语：be/getusedto习惯于；stickto坚持；objectto/beopposedto反对；leadto导致；devoteto献身于；besentencedto被判处……(徒刑)；whenitcomesto当提及；lookforwardto盼望；addto加上；getdownto着手做；beaddictedto对……上瘾；be/getaccustomedto习惯于；adjustto/adaptoneselfto适应等。技法四如何确定作宾语补足语的非谓语动词考查方向解题思路针对训练现在分词作宾补表示主动和正在进行用doing。常跟doing作宾补的动词有感官动词feel，hear，listento，see，lookat，watch，notice，observe；使役动词get，have；其他动词catch，find，keep，leave等。1.(2020·全国Ⅲ)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurrounding(surround)themountaintops，hewasreducedtotears.过去分词作宾补表示被动和完成用done。常跟done作宾补的动词有感官动词feel，hear，listento，see，lookat，watch，notice，observe；使役动词get，have，make；其他动词find，keep，leave等。2.(2022·四川绵阳诊断)Mostoftheseindividualsareseniorcitizensinsearchofnewfriendsandactivitiestokeepthemselvesoccupied(occupy).不定式作宾补1.常跟不定式作宾补的动词有：advise，allow，appoint，cause，challenge，order，command，permit，encourage，expect，drive，enable，forbid，force，inspire，instruct，invite，persuade，warn等。2.常跟不带to的不定式作宾补的动词或短语有感官动词feel，hear，listento，see，lookat，watch，notice，observe；使役动词let，have，make等。但在变为被动语态时需要加上to。3.(2020·浙江1月)Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation—itisaging.Themedian(中间的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpectedtoincrease(increase)to42by2050.4.Mywalletwasseentodrop(drop)byagirlwhenshepassedby.with复合结构中的宾语补足语在with复合结构中也可以用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，常见的结构如下：with＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing(表示主动、进行),done(表示被动、完成),todo(表示未做)))5.(2022·福建泉州质检)Withthenewsnowseasonbeginning(begin)inChina，enthusiasticskiersandsnowboardershavebeeneagertogetbackontheslopes.6.Hesatinmyroomforafewminuteswithhiseyesfixed(fix)ontheposteronthewall.7.Withsomanypeopletohelp(help)us，weareconfidentthatwecanfinishthetaskontime.技法五如何确定作定语的非谓语动词考查方向解题思路针对训练动词-ing形式作定语1.动词-ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行。2.若表示被动且正在发生的动作用beingdone结构。3.表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。1.(2022·河南洛阳期末)Ontheflightheading(head)home，Mengexpressedherthankstothecountry.2.Thetallbuildingbeingbuilt(build)nowisournewschool.动词-ed形式作定语1.动词-ed形式作定语表示被动、完成。2.动词-ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的名词，如：look，expression，face，voice等。3.(2022·全国甲)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheld(hold)inBeijing，Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.不定式作定语1.由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。2.由theonly，thejust，thenext等修饰的名词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。3.以下名词ability，attempt，chance，desire，eagerness，potential，way，right，time，wish，decision等和代词something，anything，nothing等后常用不定式作定语。4.若表示被动且将要发生的动作用tobedone结构。4.(2022·全国甲)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an，asafirststeptojourney(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.5.NobodyexpectedashortageofstuffedpandaswhenChinawontherightstohost(host)the2022WinterOlympics.6.Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisiontobemade(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.技法六如何确定作状语的非谓语动词考查方向解题思路针对训练动词-ing形式作状语1.句子的主语是分词动作的逻辑主语，而且与该动词为主动关系。2.表示自然而然的意料之中的结果用-ing形式作状语。3.如果分词的动作早于谓语动词发生，则该分词要用havingdone形式。1.(2022·全国乙)Tostrengthentheconnectionwithyoungpeople，theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia，inviting(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.2.Havinglost(lose)allmyoldfriends，Ifeltlonelyandshyatmynewschool.动词-ed形式作状语句子的主语是分词动作的逻辑主语，而且与该动词为被动关系。3.Attracted(attract)bythebeautyofnature，hedecidedtospendanothertwodaysinthevillage.不定式作状语1.不定式可以用作目的状语。2.onlytodosth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。3.形容词作表语时，后接不定式作状语表原因。4.“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋todo”句式中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。4.Hegotupearlyandhurriedtothebusstation，onlytofind(find)theearlytrainhadgone.5.(2019·全国Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s，andareexpensivetoperform(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.独立主格作状语若句子的主语不是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，且在该词前有自己的主语，就构成了独立主格结构，常见的形式有：n./pron.＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing(表示主动、进行),done(表示被动、完成),todo(表示未做)))6.Weatherpermitting(permit)，wearegoingtohaveapicnic.7.Thepresidentshot(shoot)todeath，thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.独立成分作状语有的非谓语动词作状语不需要判断与逻辑主语的关系，为独立成分作状语，常见的形式有：generallyspeaking一般来说judgingby/from...根据……来判断considering...考虑到……totellyouthetruth说实话given...考虑到……comparedwith/to与……相比较8.Judging(judge)fromwhathesaid，hewasnotsatisfiedwiththeresult.9.Given(give)yourhealth，you’dbetterresignfromthecompanyandgototheseasidetorelaxyourself.考点三动词的词性转换的考查如果所给动词既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则一般应进行词性转换，通常加后缀变为名词。常见的动词变名词的后缀有以下几种。常见后缀例词-mentdevelopment，achievement，argument，movement，amazement等-ion/-ationrelation，addiction，intention，determination，transportation，communication等-ingmeeting，greeting，drawing，painting，parking，writing等-er/-or/-arwaiter，travel(l)er，farmer，worker，teacher，reporter，sailor，survivor，liar，beggar等-ance/-enceassistance，importance，performance，existence，acceptance等-alsurvival，arrival，approval，refusal，proposal等1．(2021·全国乙)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducatedabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics，andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthedevelopment(develop)ofthelocalareas.2．(2022·全国甲)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad，inordertopromoteenvironmentalprotection(protect)．3．BingDwenDwen，apandacubdressedinafull-bodyiceshell，hasbecomeamajorattractionoftheWinterOlympics，winningtheheartsofathletes，politicians，mediaandaudiencesovertheglobewithitschubby(圆胖的)appearance(appear)．4．Apossiblewinner(win)for“BestPun”mightshowPeterRabbit，thecharacterfromTheTaleofPeterRabbit，withatailmadeofmarshmallowfluff(棉花糖)．5．Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemforensuringtheirownsurvival(survive)．Group1达标练1．Evanisawildlifephotographer.Once，twotigersran(run)pasthim，stoppedameterawayfromhistruckandbegantofight.2．TheBigTidyUpwasstartedin2008andvolunteersintheUKhavecollected(collect)morethan50,000bagsoflitterinstreetsandparksuptonow.3．ManyschoolsorganiseeventsinSeptembertotidy(tidy)uptheirareas.4．Parentsthesedaysseemtoprotecttheirchildrenmorethaneverbefore.Andyetthetruthisthatchildrenmustbegiven(give)theopportunitytotakerisksinordertoaidtheirdevelopment(develop)．5．Asmuchasartisticappreciation，physicalfitnessandrecreation，calligraphyisbecoming(become)apartoflifeamongmanyChinesepeople.Therefore，anotherGoldenAgeofChinesecalligraphyiscoming.6．Youmightlikeholdingadooropenforpeopleorvisiting(visit)lonelyelderlypeopleinnursinghomes.7．Tofind(find)outifyouhavewhatittakestobea“catwhisperer”，takethefuncatfacesquizcreated(create)bythestudy’sresearchers.8．Besides，whatdistinguishesusfromanimalsis(be)thatweknowweneedtoexplore.9．Withmoreruralresidentsspending(spend)timeonleisureactivities，thetourismmarketandtravelcompanieswillembrace(拥抱)newgrowthinthefuture.10．BeforeitwasbroughttoNewZealandaboutacenturyagoandbecameworld-renownedaskiwifruit，thishumblefruithadbeenplanted(plant)as“Chinesegooseberry”foralmost1,500years.Group2真题练1．“...Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywithashared(share)futureformankind，”hesaid.(2022·全国乙)2．Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwere(be)previouslyunprotected，bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincrease(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)3．ButCobbandothersare(be)nowquestioningthatidea—pushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotelyandchanging(change)theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.(2022·浙江1月)4．Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20，planning(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.(2022·全国甲)5．Therehasbeen(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years，caused(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures，accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.(2021·北京)6．Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage，thinking(think)itisfood.(2021·新高考全国Ⅱ)7．Youcan’thelpwonderinghowharditwas(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)8．Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain，stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyouraching(ache)legs.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)9．Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsidered(consider)healthy.(2021·浙江1月)10．In1985，urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountriesstudied(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.(2021·浙江1月)A(2022·福建龙岩一模)Chinesetaikonauts，ZhaiZhigang，WangYaping，andYeGuangfu，conductedthesciencelecture400kilometersaboveEarth.TheyinteractedwithstudentsfromfiveclassroomsacrossChinaandshowedviewers1.theyliveandworkinsidethespacestation.When2.(reply)toaHongKongstudent’squestionaboutwater，Wangexplainedthatthewatertheydrink3.(recycle)，notingthatthereisnodifferenceintaste4.regularwaterandrecycledwaterandeverydropofwaterismadefulluseofthere.Inanexperiment，shecreatedawaterfilmusingametalringandabag5.(fill)withwater.Thensheplacedonthewaterfilmapaperflowerbud(花蕾)preparedbyherdaughterandherbeforethejourney.Thebudturnedaround6.(magical)onthefilmand“blossomed”．Zhai7.(introduce)the“penguinjumpsuit”Yewaswearingduringtheclass.Thesuithasmultipleflexiblebandsinsidetohelptheastronautsmaintaintheirmuscle8.(strong)．Yedemonstratedexperimentsrelatedtocellgrowthinthe9.(weight)environmentinspace.Theycompared10.growthandshapeofcellsinartificialgravityandzero-gravitytostudytheirchangingrulesandmechanisms.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国宇航员翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富在距地球400千米的太空进行的科学讲座。1．答案how解析考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how来引导。故填how。2．答案replying解析考查非谓语动词。该空动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语Wang，与其是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填replying。3．答案isrecycled解析考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，recycle与其逻辑主语thewater之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语thewater是不可数名词，所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填isrecycled。4．答案between解析考查介词。between...and...为固定搭配，意为“在……与……之间”。故填between。5．答案filled解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，(fill)withwater作后置定语，修饰名词bag，因此空处应用非谓语动词，fill与其逻辑主语bag之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式。故填filled。6．答案magically解析考查副词。分析句子可知，提示词修饰动词短语turnedaround，应填副词形式magically，意为“神奇地”。7．答案introduced解析考查动词时态。分析句子可知，introduce是句中谓语动词，与主语Zhai之间是主动关系，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填introduced。8．答案strength解析考查名词。根据空格前形容词性物主代词their可知，应填入名词strength构成名词词组musclestrength作宾语，意为“肌肉强度”。9．答案weightless解析考查形容词。根据句意可知，提示词作定语修饰名词environment，应用形容词形式，结合常识，此处表示“失重的环境”。故填weightless。10．答案the解析考查冠词。句中指人工重力和零重力条件下细胞的“生长和形状”，表特指，用定冠词。故填the。B(2022·陕西西安模拟)Ifyou1.(see)apieceofCNY20before，youmayhaveanimpressionofthebackpictureofit.ReputedasthemostbeautifullandscapeinChina，GuilinsceneryisnotjustworthCNY20only.ThecrystalLiRiverturnsaroundinXingpingAncientTown.Sothehighlightisemergedhere.Mostpeoplemaythinkthesunnydayisthebestweatherforcatchingphotos.ButinLiRiver，itisnot！2.(bury)yourselfinthispicturesquescenery，youshouldforgetthatyouhavetoweararaincoat.IfyouareluckyenoughtohaveabambooraftingfromYangditoXingpingonafoggyday，youwillcatchthebestmomentofyourlife.Theweatherontheriveris3.(change)，oneminuteisfine4.thenextminutewillberain.Atthistime，onlylayoutofthehillscan5.(spot)．Theshapeofhillsisblur，andtheriverinmyeyesisgreen.Evenifyouarejustapersonwithoutrich6.(imagine)，youcandrawapictureinyourmindimmediately.ThelandscapeofGuilinisevenbetterthan7.ofafairytale.TherepresentativeofLiRiverscenerymay8.(probable)bethe“NineHorsesPaintedHill”．Tofindouttheninehorsesindifferentposesonthewallisalwaysthejoyforpeople9.holiday.Itissaidthatifyoucancountthehorsesfromthefirsttothe10.(nine)，youwillberichandintelligentinthefuture.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇散文。文章主要描述了桂林的美丽风景。)1．答案haveseen解析考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处动词作谓语，根据时间状语before以及语境，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应该用现在完成时，从句主语是you。故填haveseen。2．答案Tobury解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，且动词bury和其逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，应该用todo形式。故填Tobury。3．答案changeable解析考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作be动词的表语。故填changeable。4．答案while解析考查连词。根据句意可知，前一分钟晴好，下一分钟又下雨，此处表示对比，应用连词while连接句子。故填while。5．答案bespotted解析考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，主语layoutofthehills与动词spot是被动关系，且设空处位于情态动词can后面。故填bespotted。6．答案imagination解析考查名词。分析句子结构可知，rich是形容词，修饰名词，设空处应该填名词形式作介词without的宾语，且名词imagination“想象力”，是不可数名词。故填imagination。7．答案that解析考查指示代词。此处指代前文提到的“Thelandscape”，应该用that。故填that。8．答案probably解析考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用副词形式修饰谓语。故填probably。9．答案on解析考查介词。onholiday表示“在度假”，是固定搭配。故填on。10．答案ninth解析考查序数词。分析句子结构可知，此处和前文thefirst并列，应该用序数词。故填ninth。强化练(二十八)语法填空(1)A(2022·安徽马鞍山三模)Withfivethousandyearsofcreativeefforts，theChinesecuisinehasbecomeincreasinglypopular.ModernChinaenjoysaworldwidereputationasthe“kingdomofcuisine”．Theendlessvarietyofnaturalmaterials1.methodsofpreparationemployedinChinesecuisinestandoutunequaledintheworld，whichmayaccountforthe2.(universe)popularityofChineserestaurantsandcookingoverseas.Thethreekeyelements，by3.Chinesecookingisjudged，areknownas“color，aromaandtaste”．Theyareachievedbycombiningaseriesofdelicate4.(activity)．VisitorstoChinaareoftensurprisedwhenatypicaldinnerforatableofeightpeople5.______(consist)ofcoldandhotdishes，withsoupandsteamedrice.Oftenbeerandwine6.(serve)aswell.Whentoastingeachother，peopleusuallydryuptheirglasses7.(convey)themessagethattheyaresincereandjoyful.8.，itisquiteacceptableforaforeignguesttotakealittleinsteadofemptyingtheglass.Whilethecustomstrikesaforeignvisitoras9.(particular)strange，itshowsonekeyaspectthatfinefoodandgooddrink,10.(take)inthecompanyofgoodfriends，makeuponeofoursupremepleasuresinlife.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国菜的历史、评价标准以及富有中国特色的饮食文化。1．答案and解析考查连词。“Theendlessvarietyofnaturalmaterials”以及空后的“methodsofpreparationemployedinChinesecuisine”共同担当了本句的主语，为并列关系，所以用连词and。故填and。2．答案universal解析考查形容词。修饰名词popularity，用形容词形式。故填universal。3．答案which解析考查定语从句。句中先行词为“Thethreekeyelements”，在非限制性定语从句中担当介词by的宾语，只能用关系代词which引导。故填which。4．答案activities解析考查名词复数。根据上文的aseriesof可知，其后名词为可数名词的复数形式。故填activities。5．答案consists解析考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文的“areoftensurprised”可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为atypicaldinner，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；动词短语consistof无被动语态。故填consists。6．答案areserved解析考查时态和语态。根据often可知，本句为一般现在时；主语为beerandwine，视作复数，且和动词serve之间存在被动关系。所以空处为一般现在时的被动语态。故填areserved。7．答案toconvey解析考查非谓语动词。句中用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。故填toconvey。8．答案However/Nevertheless解析考查副词。根据句意可知，上下文存在转折关系，且出现在句首，首字母要大写。故填However/Nevertheless。9．答案particularly解析考查副词。修饰形容词strange用副词形式。故填particularly。10．答案taken解析考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。句中主语finefoodandgooddrink与take之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填taken。BTheimpactofpandemic(流行病)onlifeexpectancy(预期寿命)，oneofthemostwidelyusedstandardstoassesspopulationhealth，wasassessedbyastudy1.(publish)intheInformationalJournalofEpidemiology.Thestudy2.(conduct)bytheOxfordUniversity’sLeverhulmeCentreforDemographic(人口的)Science.Thestudyrevealedthatwomenfrom15countriesandmenfrom10endedup3.alowerlifeexpectancyatbirthin2020comparedto2015.4.biggestdropsinlifeexpectancy，however，werewitnessedinmeninsteadofwomeninmostcountries.Americanmenweretheworstoff，with2.2yearsshavedofftheirlifeexpectancyatbirth.MeninLithuaniafacedthesecond5.(large)impactontheirlifeexpectancy，withacutof1.7years.Reductionsinlifeexpectancyoverall6.(occur)in27ofthe29countriesanalyzedbythestudy.OnlymenandwomeninDenmarkandNorwaya