新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第6 体裁微解记叙文 (含解析)

第6讲体裁微解——记叙文记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以记叙和描写为表达方式的文章。一篇记叙文，无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实，描写人物、地点、事件和过程，表达作者的某种情感。主要具有以下特点：选材新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。内容记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按事件发生的时间顺序写，也可以按事件发生的先后写。形式顺叙、倒叙、插叙。语言一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记叙文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一个明显的语言特征。命题主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。高考英语记叙文设题主要集中在细节理解题和推理判断题，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。具体答题策略如下：策略指导技法解读弄清六要素何人、何时、何地，因何原因做了何事，结果如何，有何启示或感想。弄清写作目的证明一个观点；赞美某种美德；谴责某种罪恶；提供娱乐。关注开头和结尾把握事情的动向，尾段经常是主题的升华所在。关注情感主线分析事情的发展脉络，弄清人物关系，透析文章的情感主线。(2022·浙江1月·A)Fornearlyadecadenow，Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis(危机)inthelate2000s.Thedownturnhittherealestate(房地产)firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday，whiledrivingnearherhome，shesawadogwanderingontheroad，clearlylost.Shetookithome，andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure，but1，600milesaway.Itdidn’ttakelongforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.Merebeth’spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesherwanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana，WashingtonandOregon，shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace，shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming，heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather，shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold，becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.AssoonasshegraduatedfromhighschoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniacoast，awayfromherparents，wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.Itturnsoutthatpettransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30，000peryearbeforetax.Shedoesn’tworkinsummer，asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar，evenwithairconditioning.Asautumncomes，shegetsrestless—thesameoldwanderlustreturning.It’sacallshemusthandlealone，though.Merebethsays，“WhenI’montheroadI’mjustinmyownworld.I’vealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelpanimals.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。21．WhydidMerebethchangeherjob?A．Shewantedtoworknearherhome.B．Shewastiredofworkingintheoffice.C．HersisteraskedhertomovetoDenver.D．Herformeremployerwasoutofbusiness.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thedownturnhittherealestate(房地产)firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.”可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。22．Theword“wanderlust”inparagraph2meansadesireto.A．makemoneyB．tryvariousjobsC．beclosetonatureD．traveltodifferentplaces答案D解析词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后两句“她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要在那里找到一个有运输需要的宠物。她风雨无阻地旅行。”可知，画线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故选D。23．WhatcanwelearnaboutMerebethinhernewjob?A．Shehaschancestoseerareanimals.B．Sheworkshardthroughouttheyear.C．Shereliesonherselfthewholetime.D．Sheearnsabasicandtax-freesalary.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“WhenI’montheroadI’mjustinmyownworld.I’vealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelpanimals.”可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。A(2022·安徽鼎尖联盟联考)Reilly，mydaughter’syellowLabradorRetriever，enjoyslifeinthecountry.He’sfriendly，playfulandintelligent.Reillyhasanactivelifestyle.Buthe’sbuiltlikeatankasafoodie.Reillywatcheseverypiecethatgoesfromourhandstoourmouths.Dropit，andwedon’tstandachanceofbeatinghimtoit.It’sgoneinoneswallow.Ifwe’repreparingdinnerandignoringhim，hecatchestheedgeofhiswide-mouthedcheese-ballfarwithhisjawsintothekitchen.Hishopeisthatsomeonewilldropdoggietreatsinhisjar.Hedropsitwithaloudnoiseontothehardwoodfloor.Reilly’shungry，yousee.He’salwayshungry.Nobodywillrefusetotreathim.Thenhewilltakethejarawayanddropitonthefloorsothatthetreatsbounceout，andhethrowshimselfontothemasfastaslightning.Helovesthisgame!Oneday，Reillydisappeared，andmydaughterErindidn’tknowwherehewent.Heisn’tallowedtoleavetheyard，andusuallyhedoesn’t.Buthedidthatday.Erinwasworriedandwalkedtoneighbors’homeslookingforhim.NoReilly.Sometimelater，thebigdogwasback...andnotempty-handed.Inhishugemouthwasadeliciousroastbeef，stillwarm.Erinfeltlightheaded.Whosedinnerwasthis？Wheredidhegetit？Whatwouldpeoplethinkwhentheywentoutdoorsandfoundtheirgrillemptyandtheirroastgone?Nobodyseemedtoknowathingaboutit.OnebigyellowLabknew，ofcourse，buthewasn’ttalking.“Oh，Reilly，whathaveyoudone？”mydaughtersaid.Tothisday，notasingleneighborhasreportedsuchatheft.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者女儿Erin的爱犬Reilly非常喜欢吃东西，一次Reilly独自出门，回来时嘴里叼着一块热乎的牛肉，主人至今不知道这块牛肉是怎么来的。1．WhatisReillylike?A．Heisclumsy.B．Heisaggressive.C．Hehasahugeweight.D．Healwaysfollowsorders.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的第四句“Buthe’sbuiltlikeatankasafoodie.”可推知，它的身材像一辆坦克，所以肯定很重。故选C。2．HowdoesReillymanagetogetfoodfromthekitchen?A．Bymakingloudnoisewithitsjar.B．Byjumpingontothefoodquickly.C．Bydroppinghimselfontothefloor.D．Bybarkingatthepersonwhoiscooking.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四、五句可知，Reilly通过把自己的罐子扔在地上发出声响，来告诉做饭的人它饿了，做饭的人总会给它食物。故选A。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lightheaded”inparagraph3mean?A．Relieved. B．Confused.C．Recharged. D．Clearheaded.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Inhishugemouthwasadeliciousroastbeef，stillwarm.”和下文“Whosedinnerwasthis？Wheredidhegetit？Whatwouldpeople...emptyandtheirroastgone？”可知，当Erin看到Reilly嘴里叼着一块热乎的牛肉回来，心里想到很多问题，说明她感到“困惑”。confused意为“困惑的”。故选B。4．Whatcanbeknownaboutthebeef?A．ItwasatreatfromErin.B．Reillystoleitfromathief.C．Itssourceremainsamystery.D．Reillyrefusedtotellitstruth.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，似乎没有人知道这件事，时至今日，没有一位邻居提过失窃。由此可推知，这块牛肉来自哪里仍然是个谜。故选C。BCimabue，thegreatestpainteroftheMiddleAgesinItaly，wassurprisedonedayafterhislunchbreaktodiscoverthataflyhadseateditselfunderthenoseofacharacterthathehadbeenworkingon.Heswatted(重拍)atthefly，butitdidnotmove.Hereachedouttotouchtheinsect，onlytofinditwasonlywetpaint.Turningaround，hesawthathisapprentice(学徒)，Giotto，waslaughing.GiottohadpaintedtheflywhenCimabuewasaway，anditlookedsorealthatCimabuehadbeencompletelyfooled.GiottodiBondonewasbornintoapoorfamilyinavillage.Legendhasitthatoneday，whenCimabuewaswanderingaroundthecountryside，hespottedayoungshepherdboydrawingpicturesofhissheep，whichweresovividthatCimabueimmediatelyaskedhimtocometoFlorenceandlearnhowtopaint.ThatwashowGiotto’sstorybeganinFlorence，wheretheyoungstudentflourishedunderCimabue’sinstructionandsoonsurpassedhismasterinskill.Atthattime，peopleinpaintingsdidn’tlookreal，andthesymbolismofartwasdifficultforviewerstoconnectwithit.Innovation(创新)wasnotstressed，soarthadremainedthesameforhundredsofyears.However，Giottothoughtartshouldbesomethingmoreconnectedwithpeopleinamorerealisticway.Hismasterpiecesincludedthefortymajorfrescoes(壁画)fortheArenaChapel.Adoptingmanytechniquesthatwereuncommonthen，hepaintedpeoplethewayhesawthem，insteadoftheoverlytallandboxypeoplethatotherartistspainted.Hecreatedthree-dimensionalspacebyusingperspective，somethingthathadnotbeendonesinceRomantimes.Inadditiontopainting，Giottowrotepoetryanddrewarchitecturalplans.WhenGiottowasinhissixties，hepaintedtheOgnissantiMadonna，anotherfamousworkofart.Hecontinuedworkinguntiltheageofseventy.TheideasGiottobroughttopaintingthroughouthisliferevolutionizedtheartworldandmadehimoneofthegreatestpaintersever.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了意大利伟大的画家乔托·迪·邦多纳，他给绘画注入的思想彻底改变了艺术界，还使他成为有史以来最伟大的画家之一。5．Whatdoestheanecdoteinparagraph1tellusaboutGiotto?A．Hishumor. B．Histalent.C．Hiscourage. D．Hisdetermination.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段内容，尤其是最后一句可知，有一次乔托趁契马布埃不在时偷偷在他所画的人物脸蛋上画了一只栩栩如生的苍蝇。当契马布埃回来后，他信以为真，多次尝试将这只烦人的“苍蝇”赶走。这件轶事主要告诉我们乔托的才能。故选B。6．HowdidCimabuefeelaboutGiotto’spaintingwhentheyfirstmet?A．Impressed. B．Hesitant.C．Doubtful. D．Amused.答案A解析观点态度题。根据第二段第二句可知，契马布埃第一次见乔托时，对他的画感到印象深刻。故选A。7．WhatmadeGiotto’sworksdistinguishedatthattime?A．Vividcolors.B．Classicskills.C．Originalcomposition.D．Lifelikequality.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句、第四段第一句和第三句可知，乔托的画因逼真的特点而与众不同。故选D。8．WhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesGiotto’sstory?A．Greatmindsthinkalike.B．Innovationisthevitalityofart.C．Constantdrippingwearsawayastone.D．Aslowsparrowshouldmakeanearlystart.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，当时的艺术因没有创新而止步不前，结合第四段第三句的“Adoptingmanytechniquesthatwereuncommonthen”及最后一段最后一句可知，最能总结乔托的故事的是B项“创新是艺术的生命力”。故选B。强化练(十二)记叙文AWhencloudsofradiationbeganstreamingintotheairaroundtheFukushimanuclearplant，160,000residentsweretoldtosimplycutandrun.However，itseemsonly159,998residentslistened.Theothertwo—NaotoMatsumuraandSakaeKato—remained.Thetwomenwouldgiveupeverythingratherthanletotherbeingsstarve.Livingwithinthe12.5-mileexclusionzonearoundthedamagedreactor，thetwomen，unrelatedtooneanother，bothlivealonewhiletakingcareofdozensofanimalsthatwereleftbehindwhentheevacuationorderwasgiven.ReportsfromReutersandDWstatethat57-year-oldKatohas41catswholivewithhiminhishomeinthemountains—alongwithadogheadoptednamedPochi.Katosayshewillstaywithhiscatsandensuretheyarecomfortableallthroughtheirlives.Matsumuraleftthecityatfirst，butreturnedshortlyafterforhisownanimals.Oncereturned，thenow55-year-oldrealizedthateveryoneelse’spetsandlivestockwerestillthere，sohebegantakingcareofabroadcommunityofanimalsincludingpigs，cats，dogs，ponies，ostriches，andcows.GNNreportedthathewentbackinsidetheexclusionzoneandrealizedlocalpetdogshadnoteateninseveraldays.Afteritbecameclearthatnoonewascomingbacktotheneighborhood，hewentaroundunchainingdogsfromtrees，lettingcowsoutoftheirbarns，andfeedinganythinginneed，earninghimthenicknamethe“GuardianofFukushima’sAnimals”．EverythingbothKatoandMatsumuraaredoingisrisky.ThoughproudofwhatKatoandMatsumurahavedone，theirfriendsandfamilieshopethattheycanleavethedangerousarea.Yettheyseemtobedeterminedinwhattheyaredoingandbothplantostaytherewiththeiranimals，comewhatmay.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。福岛的两个当地居民甘愿留在核泄漏的禁区里照料被遗弃的动物，虽然其家人不赞同这样做，但他们决定无论如何也要跟这些动物待在一起。1．Whatdoesthephrase“otherbeings”inparagraph1probablyreferto?A．Animals. B．People.C．Plants. D．Residents.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，这两个人照顾留在核污染区的许多动物，所以画线部分指代的是动物。故选A。2．WhatkindofpersonisSakaeKato?A．Curious. B．Caring.C．Ambitious. D．Lonely.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Kato不仅照顾自己的猫，还照顾领养的狗，确保它们一生都过得舒适，这说明他是一个有爱心的人。故选B。3．WhatdoweknowaboutNaotoMatsumura?A．Heis57yearsold.B．HeknowsKatoverywell.C．Hehasdozensofanimalstolookafter.D．Helives12.5milesfromtheexclusionzone.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段最后一句可知，NaotoMatsumura照顾着几十只猫、狗等动物。故选C。4．Whatcanweinferaboutthetwomenfromthetext?A．Theywillfollowtheadviceoftheirfamilies.B．Theywillcallonmorepeopletoprotectanimals.C．Theystayinthemountainstoenjoyloneliness.D．Theyhavenoregardfortheirownsafety.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段和最后一段可知，辐射区对人是有危害的，但这两个人依然待在里面照顾各种动物。家人和朋友希望他们离开，但他们依然不顾自身安危决定留下来。故选D。BOnJanuary22，2022，theBritish-Belgian，19-year-oldZaraRutherford，successfullylandedhertwo-seatmicrolightaircraftbackattheKortrijk-WevelgemAirport，fromwhereshehaddeparted155daysago，fulfillingherdreamtobetheyoungestwomantoflyaroundtheworldsolo.“IfeelexcitednotonlytobreaktheGuinnessWorldRecord，butalsotodiminishthegendergapby11yearsbetweenthecurrentyoungestmalerecordholderTravisLudlow，18atthetimeofhisrecord，andthepreviousfemalerecordholderShaestaWaez，whowas30whenshecompletedher‘DreamsSoar’around-the-worldflight，”Rutherfordwroteonherblog.Rutherford’sjourneycrossingfivecontinentsand52countriesbeganonAugust18，2021.Sheencounterednumerousunexpecteddelaysalongtheway.TheyincludedanunscheduledstopinRedding，California，duetowildfiresandamonth-longstopinNome，Alaska，torenewherRussianvisa.Shealsofacedseveralchallengesintheair.WhenflyingfromIcelandtoGreenland，Rutherfordlostradiocontactwithhergroundteamformuchofthe3-hourflight.TheincidentsalsoresultedinherhavingtocrossoverRussiainsub-zerotemperatures.ThehardestpartwasflyingoverSiberia—itwasextremelycoldandiftheenginebrokedown，she’dbehoursawayfromrescue.Despitetheseveredifficulties，thedeterminedyoungpilotnevergaveuponherdream.Rutherfordgrewuparoundairplanes.HerBritishfatherfliescommercially，whileherBelgianmotherisarecreationalpilot.Theyounggirlbeganlearninghowtoflyatage14andobtainedheraviator’slicensein2020.Withhergoalofflyingaroundtheworldaccomplished，Rutherfordnowhashersightssetevenhigher.Shewantstobecomeanastronautandexplorespace.Shehopesthatherjourneywillencouragemoreyoungwomentopursuecareersinaviation.Currentlythenumberoffemalepilotsisjust5percent.Rutherfordsays，“It’saneasythingtosay，butjustgoforit.Ifyoudon’ttryandseehowhighyoucanfly，thenyou’llneverknow.”语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述ZaraRutherford成功实现了她成为最年轻的完成单人环球飞行的女性的梦想以及她在旅程中遇到的一些挑战。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Narrow. B．Divide.C．Fill. D．Cause.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，Rutherford不仅打破了吉尼斯世界纪录，还将目前最年轻的男性纪录保持者TravisLudlow和前女性纪录保持者之间的性别差距缩小了11岁。Ludlow创造世界纪录时只有18岁，而之前的女性纪录保持者ShaestaWaez在完成“梦想翱翔”环球飞行时已经30岁。故画线词的意思是“缩小”。故选A。6．WhydidRutherfordhavetostopinNome?A．Thewildfiresweretoofierce.B．HerRussianvisawasdue.C．Theweatherwastoosevere.D．Herenginebrokedown.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，Rutherford要在诺姆停留是因为她的俄罗斯签证到期了。故选B。7．What’sthepurposeofparagraph4?A．Toswitchtoanewtopic.B．Tosummarizeherachievements.C．Toillustrateheradmirabletalents.D．Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段可推知，第四段的目的是增加Rutherford的一些背景信息。故选D。8．Whatdoesthepassagetrytoconvey?A．Lifeisnotallroses.B．Dreambig，aimhigh.C．Nottoadvanceistogoback.D．Thegreatesttalkers，theleastdoers.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段最后一句并结合文章主要内容可推知，文章想表达“梦想远大，目标远大”的思想。故选B。CNowadaysmaildeliveryisalittledifferent.Istillgetmymailfrommymailbox.Nothingbutmyneighbors’mail.Ithoughtthatwascurious.Iproceededtotakemyneighbors’mailtothem.Iwasabouttoputthemailintheirmailboxwhenatallmancamerunningout，shoutingaboutmessingwithhisfriend’smail.Hesnatched(夺过)themailfrommyhand，openedthemailboxandpointedtothemailinside，“Youwereafterthis.”Ishookmyhead，“No，believeme.Igotthismailbymistakeinmyboxtoday.Iwasjustbringingittothem.”Hegavemeafunnylookandwentbackintohishouse.Igottheknockonthedoorthenextmorningbytwoverypoliteofficers.TheannoyedtallmanhadphonedthepoliceandtoldthemIwasacrazyo