2023-2024学年度外研版选择性必修三Unit5 Learning from nature课时作业

2023-2024学年度外研版选择性必修三Unit5Learningfromnature课时作业课时作业(一)主题阅读集群训练(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·合肥模拟)Eversincehumanitybegantofarmourownfood,we'vefacedtheunpredictablerainthatisbothfriendandenemy.Itcomesandgoeswithoutmuchwarning,andafieldofleafygreensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythenext.Foodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficientrain,andnowheremoresothaninAfrica,where96%offarmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheirrigationcommoninmore－developedplaces.Ithasconsequences:SouthAfrica'songoingdrought—theworstinthreedecades—willcostitatleastaquarterofitscornharvestthisyear.BiologistJillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapTowninSouthAfricasaysthatnaturehasplentyofanswersforpeoplewhowanttogrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfall.Sheishardatworkfindingawaytotakequalitiesfromrarewildplantsthatareadaptedtoextremedryweatherandusetheminfoodcrops.“ThetypeoffarmingIamaimingforisliterallysothatpeoplecansurviveasit'sgoingtogetdrieranddrier，”Farrantsays.Extremeconditionsproduceextremelytoughplantsandafewfierceplantsarehighlyadaptabletotheever－changingconditions.Farrantcallsoneofthemresurrectionplants(复苏植物).Duringmonthswithoutwaterunderaharshsun,theyfadeandcontractuntiltheylooklikeapileofdeadgreenleavesbutrainfallcanrevivetheminthematterofhours.Thatistosay,whentheydetectandextenddryperiod,theyproducesugarsandcertainstress－associatedproteinsandothermaterialsintheirtissuestoenteraglass－likestatethatis“themoststablestatethataplantcanmaintain”．Lastyear,afterChineseteampublishedadraftgenome(基因组)ofrockviolet,oneofthebeststudiedresurrectionplants,Farrantandcolleaguespublishedadetailedstudyofanothercandidate.Oneorbothofthesemodelswillhelpresearcherstesttheirideas—sofarmostlydoneinthelab—ontestplots.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍为了应对极端干旱气候对一些地区农作物产生的影响，科学家正在努力寻找方法，从已经适应极端干旱气候的稀有野生植物中提取特殊品质，并将其用于粮食作物。但目前该研究还在实验阶段。1．WhichcanberesponsibleforthereductionincorncropinSouthAfrica?A．Facingunpredictablerain.B．Lackingadvancedirrigation.C．Thefoodsecurity.D．Theongoingdrought.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，持续的干旱是南非玉米减产的原因。2．WhydoesJillFarrantconducttherelevantstudy?A．Tomaintainthemoststablestateoftoughplants.B．Togrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfall.C．Toapplythespecialqualityofwildplantstohumanfarming.D．Tosurviveextremedryweatherandever－changingconditions.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段的“Sheishardatwork...Farrantsays.”可知，法兰特的相关实验是为了将野生植物的特殊品质应用于人类农业。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contract”inParagraph3referto?A．Shrink. B．Die.C．Withdraw. D．Rest.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，缺水以及强烈的阳光会让它看起来像一堆死了的叶子，由此可知，它褪色变小了。故画线词意为“收缩，变小”，与shrink同义。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Theresearchisstillontrial.B．Chineseteamworkedharder.C．Oneofthecandidateshasbeenputintouse.D．Theresultscontributetoresurrectionplants.解析：选A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，该研究还在实验阶段。BTheAliceFergusonFoundationisanon－profitgroupthatworkstoimprovetheenvironmentbybuildingrelationshipsbetweenpeopleandnature.Itteachespeoplewaystoprotecttheenvironment.Attheendoftheyear,itdesignseventstohelpchildrencelebrateChristmaswithoutincreasingtheamountofwastetheycreate.HannaSeligmannworksforthefoundation.VOAjoinedSeligmannrecentlyduringoneofhertalks.“Solet'sfigureoutwhatisinourbagoftrash.”Sheshowsadultsandchildrenhowtoreducewasteduringtheholidaygift－givingseason.“Youcansortitasacardboarditemoryoucansortitasaplasticitem，”Seligmannworkswithvolunteers.“Weencourageusingthingsthatarealreadyinyourhouselikenewspapers,oldmagazines,usingagiftwithinagift.Youcanwrapsomethinginareusablenapkin,wrapsomethinginascarf,orashawl(围巾)orevenareusabletototebag(大手提袋)．”LoriArguellesistheexecutivedirectorforenvironmentaleducationattheAliceFergusonFoundation.“Overtimewerealizedthatreallyjustdoingtrashclean－upswasthesymptomoftheproblem,notgettingtotherootcause.Anditwasjustalittleoveradecadeagothatwestartedtheinitiativeitself.”OneactivityiscalledtheTrashTimelineGame.Itteacheschildrenthatthethingstheythrowawaydonotdecomposeatthesamerate.Forexamplepaperdissolvesinaboutfourweeks.Anapplecoretakestwomonths.Ametalcantakeupto100years.Aplasticbagwillnotdecomposefor450years.Glasstakes1,000years.And,theysay,styrofoam(泡沫聚苯乙烯)neverdissolves.Youngpeopletakingpartintheprogramlearnthatreducingwasteisimportantnotjustduringtheholidays,buteverydayoftheyear.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了TheAliceFergusonFoundation是一个致力于让公民参与环保的非营利组织，以及这个组织旨在引导人们在环保方面做出措施与行动。5．WhyistheAliceFergusonFoundationcreated?A．TohelpchildrencelebrateChristmas.B．Toreducetheamountofwaste.C．Tomaketheenvironmentbetter.D．Tobuildrelationshipsbetweenpeopleandnature.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段可知，TheAliceFergusonFoundation是一个致力于让公民参与环保的非营利组织，目的是让环境更好。6．WhatsuggestiondoesSeligmanngiveonwrappinggifts?A．Itisbettertousecardboarditemstowrapgifts.B．Itisbettertowrapgiftsinsomethingscapableofbeingusedagain.C．Itisbetternottowrapgiftsinplasticitems.D．Itisbetternottowrapgiftsatall.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Seligmann鼓励人们用可再次利用的东西来包装礼物。7．WhatcanweinferfromLoriArguelles'swords?A．Doingtrashclean－upsmeansalottoprotectingtheenvironment.B．Westillneedtomakegreateffortsonthewaytoprotectingtheenvironment.C．Overadecadeoureffortstoprotecttheenvironmentprovedfruitless.D．Overtimewefoundtherootcauseofprotectingtheenvironment.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中LoriArguelles说的话可知，要保护环境还需要付出更大的努力。8．What'sthemeaningof“decompose”underlinedinParagraph4?A．Breakdown. B．Breakout.C．Storeup. D．Storeaway.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句并结合下文列举的例子可知，上文陈述的是关于物品分解速度的问题，故此处decompose意为“分解”，与breakdown同义。Ⅱ.阅读七选五WaystoGetYourKidsintoNatureBeinginnatureforkidshastremendoushealthbenefits.Therearemanywaysyoucanincorporatenatureintoyourchildren'slives,evenifyouliveinthecity.Inspirecuriositybybeingcuriousyourself.Aparent'sexcitementcanbespreadtothechildren,andwhenyoushowrespectfornature,yourchildrenfollowsuit.__9__.“Idon'tknow!Let'sfindouttogether.”isawonderfulwaytogettheballrolling.Beopentoamutualadventureandallowyourcuriousinnerchildtocomeoutwhileyouexplorenaturewithyourchildren.__10__.Ifyouhavetocarpool(拼车)inthemorning,turnoffthedevicesinsteadandencourageyourchildrentolookoutofthewindow.Theearlymorningfallskiesarebeautifulwithcolorandmigratingbirds.Afterall,evenviewsofnaturefromthecarwindowarecalmingandbeneficial.Stopthinkingaboutnaturetimeasleisuretime.Timeinnatureisanessentialinvestmentinyourchildren'shealthandwell－being.Ifyouviewnaturetimeasessentialtogoodhealth,youwillbemorelikelytoengageinit.__11__，nurturingcreativityandwonderispartofyourresponsibilityasparents.Lookatthestars.Visityourlocalobservatory,andthendriveoutofthecitysomemorningoreveningforyourownstargazing(天体观察)withablanketandtelescope.Observingthestarsoffersadeeperandwiderunderstandingoftheuniverse.__12__.Plantasmallgarden.__13__.Beanandpeaplantsgrowquicklyandcanbeeatenwhenmature,soteachyourchildrenaboutfoodandthewonderofgrowth.A．LimitelectronicdeviceswhiledrivingB．Encouragequestionsyoudon'tknowtheanswerstoC．Ifyouwanttoraiseyourhealthy,well－balancedchildrenD．Ifyouhavethespace,helpyourchildrenplantafewvegetablesE．Itwillteachteamwork,prideinthecommunity,andfamilytogethernessF．Ifyourchildisinterested,encouragehimtogetinvolvedinthecommunityG．Allowyourselftothinkaboutit,andtalktoyourchildrenaboutthatwonder语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。9．选B根据空后一句以及上文中的“Inspirecuriosity”可推知，此处表示鼓励孩子和你一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而引起孩子的好奇心，故B项承上启下，符合语境。10．选A根据空后一句可推知，开车时关掉电子设备，多看看窗外也是一种与自然接触的方式，故A项衔接下文，符合语境。11．选C根据上文的“Timeinnature...andwell－being.”和空后的“nurturingcreativity...asparents”可推知，如果想要培养出健康、明智的孩子，培养他们的创造性和好奇心也是作为父母的责任，故C项承上启下，符合语境。12．选G根据空前一句可推知，观察星空能够加深对自然界的理解。G项中的it指代空前一句中的“theuniverse”，故G项承接上文，符合语境。13．选D空处承接空前一句，并与空后一句呼应，此处作者建议父母开辟一个小菜园，帮孩子种点蔬菜，一起见证它们生长的奇迹，故D项承上启下，符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空FromthemomentmyhusbandbroughthomeaboxofsixchicksfromTractorSupplyCompanyatthestartofthepandemic,ournine－year－old,Sophie,hasn'tletthemoutofhersight.She__14__themTrixie,Bearty,SweetPea,Speedie,CaptainFlint,andAdrian(wewerereadingTreasureIslandandwatchingRockyatthetime)andwasvery__15__whenwewouldn'tletthemsleepinherbed.Sophietakesatleastonechickeneverywhereweletherandhasdone__16__thingswithherchicks.Onehotday,shewantedtotakeCaptainFlinttotheriver.Iwasn'tso__17__aboutit:Couldchickensswim?Sophie__18__astickonherswimmingringforCaptainFlinttostandon,andthetwofloateddownthecreek.Naturally,Sophie__19__asachickenforHalloweenandconvincedusTrixiehadtocome.The__20__fromneighborswerefunny.“Wait,isthatarealchickenyou'reholding？”Trixiecooedthewholetime.Thechickensareteachingusaboutloveaswellaslossandgrief.__21__，CaptainFlintfacedanuntimelydeathafterahawkattack.Wehadachicken__22__，saidafewwordsaboutwhatagoodchickenshewas,andthankedherforthejoyshebroughttoourlives__23__weburiedher.Thechickensweren't__24__inthehouseuntilonemorningafteronlineschoolwhenSophietoldme,“There'snothingtofeel__25__about.”Sincethen,we'veallowedoneinsideatatimeifSophieimmediately__26__afterthevisit.Thechickensbrought__27__backtoourlives.Inafewshortmonths,theyhavetaughtusto__28__situationswecan'tchangeandfindjoywherewecan.Iamsograteful.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家和六只小鸡之间的故事，这些小鸡给作者一家带来了欢乐。14．A.gave B．toldC．named D．showed解析：选C根据后文“Trixie,Bearty,SweetPea,Speedie,CaptainFlint,andAdrian”可知，此处是指苏菲给这些小鸡起名。故选C。15．A.guilty B．upsetC．delighted ．embarrassed解析：选B根据上文“hasn'tletthemoutofhersight”可知，此处是指如果作者不让小鸡们在她的床上苏菲会很失落。故选B。16．A.reasonable B．incredibleC．stupid D．common解析：选B根据后文“shewantedtotakeCaptainFlinttotheriver”可推测，苏菲对自己的小鸡做了很多不可思议的事情。故选B。17．A.sure B．gladC．curious D．anxious解析：选A根据后文“Couldchickensswim？”可知，作者也不确定鸡会不会游泳。故选A。18．A.threw B．wavedC．carried D．balanced解析：选D根据后文“astickonherswimmingring”可知，苏菲在游泳圈上平衡了一根棍子。故选D。19．A.behaved B．functionedC．served D．dressed解析：选D根据后文“asachickenforHalloween”可知，此处指打扮成一只鸡来过万圣节。故选D。20．A.praises B．experiencesC．reactions D．stories解析：选C根据后文“fromneighborswerefunny.‘Wait,isthatarealchickenyou'reholding？’”可知，此处指邻居对此的反应。故选C。21．A.Sadly B．LuckilyC．Clearly D．Frankly解析：选A根据后文“CaptainFlintfacedanuntimelydeathafterahawkattack”可知，CaptainFlint死去了，这是不幸的事情。故选A。22．A.celebration B．funeralC．collection D．party解析：选B根据后文“weburiedher”可知，此处指给鸡举行了葬礼。故选B。23．A.unless B．becauseC．before D．after解析：选C表达对鸡的感谢发生在埋葬鸡之前，应用before。故选C。24．A.cooked B．allowedC．stroked D．chased解析：选B根据后文“we'veallowedoneinsideatatime”可知，一开始不允许鸡进屋里。故选B。25．A.disappointed B．certainC．confused D．happy解析：选D根据后文作者允许鸡进屋可推测，苏菲说自己不开心。故选D。26．A.comesback B．cleansupC．goesaway D．givesin解析：选B根据后文“afterthevisit”可知，此处指在鸡来过之后，立即清理好屋子。故选B。27．A.fear B．prideC．joy D．pain解析：选C此处呼应后文“andfindjoywherewecan”，指鸡带来了快乐。故选C。28．A.accept B．controlC．shape D．maintain解析：选A根据后文“situationswecan'tchange”可知，接受无法改变的处境，应用accept。故选A。课时作业(二)主题表达升格训练(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.根据要求完成下列句子1．(完成句子)Thestudentstooknotesas_they_listened(他们一边听)．2．(完成句子)Sowe'dliketoinviteyoutojoinusandwedobelievethatthere_is_no_one_more_suitable_than_you(没有人比你更适合)forthiscompetition.3．(完成句子)Theserveris_designed_to(被设计)storehugeamountsofdata.4．(完成句子)Itake_it_for_granted_that(想当然地认为)parentsshoulddoeverythingforus，whichactuallyiswrong.5．(完成句子)LastSunday，ourschoolheldafive－kilometercross－countryrunningrace,in_which_all_students_in_Senior_3_took_part(高三全体学生都参加了)．6．(完成句子)When_running_all_the_way_to_the_foot_of_the_mountain(一路跑到山脚下时),somestudentsfellbehind.7．(同义转换)LangPingdidn'trespondtothequestionthatreporterasked.→LangPingmade_no_response_tothequestionthatreporterasked.8．Becausehewasbusywithaveryimportantexperiment,hewouldnotattendtheparty.→Becausehewas_employed_in_doingaveryimportantexperiment,hewouldnotattendtheparty.(同义句转换)→Employed_in_doingaveryimportantexperiment,hewouldnotattendtheparty.(分词短语作状语)9．Travelingcanbroadenyourmind，butit'snotagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeandmoneyonit.(用while引导的让步状语从句改写)→While_traveling_can_broaden_your_mind,_it'snotagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeandmoneyonit.10．(一句多译)由于种种原因，汤姆辞去了委员会的职务。①Forvariousreasons,Tomresigned_fromthecommittee.②Forvariousreasons,Tomresigned_asamemberofthecommittee.Ⅱ.语法填空Nomatterwhetherwe'rewriting,cookingorbuilding,thefirstthing__1__appearsinourmindis:Whatcanweaddtomakeitbetter?Whydowethinkthisway?Researchers__2__(publish)apaperaboutthehumantendencytomakechangesthroughadditioninthelastjournalNature.TheresearchteamdesignedaLegoexperimentinwhich__3__smallplasticfigurestandsunderaroofsupportedbyasinglepillar(柱子)inonecorner.Howwouldyouchangethestructure__4__(place)abrickontheroofwithoutcausingtherooftocollapseontheplasticfigure?EachadditionalLegoblockwouldcost10cents.Theteamfoundthatthemajorityofparticipantschosetostabilizetheroof__5__addingblockstopreventtherooffromcollapsing.Butinfact,thereisa__6____(simple)way—getridoftheoriginalpillarandfixtheroof__7__(direct)tothebase.“Additiveideascometomindquicklyandeasily,__8__subtractive(减法的)ideasrequiremorecognitive(认知的)effort，”co－authorofthepaperBenjaminConversetoldScienceDaily.“Becausepeopleareoftenmovingfastandworkingwiththefirst__9__(idea)thatcometomind,theyendup__10__(accept)additivesolutionswithoutconsideringsubtractionatall.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人类倾向于通过添加来做出改变而考虑使用减法。1．that考查定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词thing被序数词thefirst修饰，故应用关系代词that。2．published考查一般过去时。根据“inthelastjournalNature”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填published。3．a考查冠词。此处第一次提到plasticfigure，所以表泛指，应用不定冠词，且sm