we learn考研英语致命阅读16分第七课

para1:Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

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第七课

Q.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportantofeducationinpoorcountries

is subject togroundlessdoubts

hasfallenvictimofbias

is conventionaldowngraded

has beenoverestimated

Q.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducation system

challengeseconomists andpoliticians

takes efforts ofgenerations

demands priorityfromthegovernment

requires sufficientlaborforce

para1:Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents—thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree—lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.

Thishascreated"aparadox"inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhascontinuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthancloseachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.

para2:Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

Q26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas

reduced theirdropoutrates[B]narrowed theachievementgap

misseditsoriginalpurpose

depressed collegestudents

Q27Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause

the problem issolvable

their approach iscost-less

therecruitingratehasincreased

theirfindingappealstostudents

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para3:Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants，

afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed，whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.

Still,JeffersonfreedHemings’schildren–thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia.

Q28Thestudysuggeststhat most

first-generationstudents

study at privateuniversities

are from

single-parentfamilies

are in need offinancialsupport[D]have failed theircollege

Q.Washington’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis

moral

considerations.

militaryexperience.

financialconditions.

politicalstand.

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para4:Theirthesis--thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact--wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.

para5:Manyfirst-generationstudentsstruggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation，learntherulesofthegame，andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudentseducationalexperience，manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove.

Q29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generation

students

are actuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap

canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents

may lackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege

Q30.