2023年06月英语六级真题第三套加答案(先题后解析)

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertoattendcollegeathomeorabroad,writeanessaytostateyouropinion.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension6六级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套〔即第三套〕的听力材料与第一套完全一样，只是选项的挨次不同而已，故本套不再重复给出。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Halfofyourbrainstaysalertandpreparedfordangerwhenyousleepinanewplace,astudyhasrevealed.Thisphenomenonisoften26 toasthe“first-night-effect”.ResearchersfromBrownUniversityfoundthatanetworkinthelefthemisphereofthebrain“remainedmoreactive”thanthenetworkintherightsideofthebrain.Playingsoundsintotherightears(stimulatingthelefthemisphere)of27 wasmorelikelytowakethemupthanifthenoiseswereplayedintotheirleftear.Itwas28 observedthattheleftsideofthebrainwasmoreactiveduringdeepsleep.Whentheresearchersrepeatedthelaboratoryexperimentonthesecondandthirdnightstheyfoundthelefthemispherecouldnotbestimulatedinthesamewayduringdeepsleep.Theresearchersexplainedthatthestudydemonstratedwhenweareina29 environmentthebrainpartlyremainsalertsothathumanscandefendthemselvesagainstany30 danger.Theresearchersbelievethisisthefirsttimethatthe“first-night-effect”ofdifferentbrainstateshasbeen31 inhumans.Itint,however,thefirsttimeithaseverbeenseen.Someanimal32 displaythisphenomenon.Forexample,dolphins,aswellasother33 animals,shutdownonehemisphereofthebrainwhentheygotosleep.Apreviousstudynotedthatdolphinsalways34 controltheirbreathing.Withoutkeepingthebrainactivewhilesleeping,theywouldprobablydrown.But,asthehumanstudysuggest,anotherreasonfordolphinskeepingtheireyesopenduringsleepisthattheycanlookoutfor35 whileasleep.Italsokeepstheirphysiologicalprocessesworking.A)classifiedB)consciouslyC)dramaticallyD)exoticE)identifiedF)inherentG)marineH)novelI)potentialJ)predatorsK)referredL)speciesM)specificallyN)varietiesO)volunteersSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.EliteMathCompetitionsStruggletoDiversifyTheirTalentPoolInterestinelitehighschoolmathcompetitionshasgrowninrecentyears,andinlightoflastsummer’sU.S.winattheInternationalMathOlympiad(IMO)---thefirstforanAmericanteaminmorethantwodecades—thetrendislikelytocontinue.Butwillsuchcontests,whichareoverwhelminglydominatedbyAsianandwhitestudentsfrommiddle-classandaffluentfamilies,becomeanymorediverse?Manysocialandculturalfactorsplayrolesindeterminingwhichpromisingstudentsgetonthepathtowardinternationalmathrecognition.Buteffortsareinplacetoexposemoreblack,Hispanic,andlow-incomestudentstoadvancedmath,inthehopethatthedemographicpoolofhigh-levelcontenderswilleventuallybegintoshiftandbecomelessexclusive.Thechallengeisifcertaintypesofpeoplearedoingsomething,isdifficultforotherpeopletobreakintoit,”saidPo-ShenLoh,theheadcoachoflastyear’swinningU.S.MathOlympiadteam.Participationgrowsthroughfriendsandnetworksandif“yourealizethat’showthey’regrowing,youcanstarttotakeaction”andbringinotherstudents,hesaid.Mostofthetrainingforadvanced-mathcompetitionshappensoutsidetheconfinesofthenormalschoolday.Studentsattendafter-schoolclubs,summercamps,onlineforumsandclasses,anduniversity-based“mathcircles”,toprepareforthecompetitions.OneofthelargestfeedersforhighschoolmathcompetitiosincludingthosethateventuallyleadtotheIMO—isamiddleschoolprogramcalledMathCounts.About100,000studentsaroundthecountryparticipateintheprogram’scompetitionseries,whichculminatesinanationalgame-show-stylecontestheldeachMay.ThemostrecentonetookplacelastweekinWashington,D.C.Studentsjoinateamthroughtheirschools,whichprovideavolunteercoachandpayanominalfeetosendstudentstoregionalandstatecompetitions.The224studentswhomakeittothenationalcompetitiongetanall-expenses-paidtrip.NearlyallmembersoflastyeaswinningU.S.IMOteamtookpartinMathCountsasmiddleschoolstudents,asdidLoh,thecoach.“Middleschoolisanimportantagebecausestudentshaveenoughmathcapabilitytosolveadvancedproblems,buttheyhaven’treallydecidedwhattheywanttodowiththeirlives,”saidLoh.“Theyoftengethookedthen.”Anotherinfluentialfeederforadvanced-mathstudentsisanonlineschoolcalledArtofProblemSolving,whichbeganabout13yearsagoandnowhas15,000users.Studentsuseforumstochat,playgames,andsolveproblemstogetheratnocost,ortheycanpayafewhundreddollarstotakecourseswithtrainedteachers.AccordingtoRichardRusczyk,thecompanyfounder,thesixU.S.teammemberswhocompetedattheIMOlastyearcollectivelytookmorethan40coursesonthesite.Parentsofadvanced-mathstudentsandMathCountscoachessaythechildrenareonthewebsiteconstantly.Therearealsodozensofsummercamps—manyattachedtouniversities—thataimtoprepareelitemathstudents.Somearepricey---athree-weekintensiveprogramcancost$4,500ormore—butmostofferscholarships.TheMathOlympiadSummerTrainingProgramisathree-weekmathcampheldbytheMathematicalAssociationofAmericathatleadsstraighttotheinternationalchampionshipandisfreeforthosewhomakeit.Onlyabout50studentsareinvitedbasedontheirperformanceonwrittentestsandattheUSAMathOlympiad.Studentsinuniversitytownsmayalsohaveaccesstoanotherleverforinvolvementinacceleratedmath:mathcircles.Inthesegroups,whichcameoutofanEasternEuropeantraditionofdevelopingyoungtalent,professorsteachpromisingK-12studentsadvancedmathematicsforseveralhoursafterschooloronweekends.TheLosAngelesMathCircle,heldattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,beganin2023with20studentsandnowhasmorethan250.“Thesemathcirclescostnothing,orthey’reverycheapforstudentstogetinvolvedin,butyouhavetoknowaboutthem,”saidRusczyk.“Mostpeoplewouldlovetogetstudentsfrommoreunderservedpopulations,buttheyjustcntgettheminthedoor.Partofitiscommunication;partofitistransportation.”It’snosecretintheadvanced-mathcommunitythatdiversityisaproblem.AccordingtoMarkSaul,thedirectorofcompetitionsfortheMathematicalAssociationofAmerica,notasingleAfrican-AmericanorHispanicstudent---andonlyahandfulofgirls---hasevermadeittotheMathOlympiadteaminits50yearsofexistence.Manyschoolssimplydon’tprioritizeacademiccompetitions.“Doyouknowwhowehavetobeat?”askedSaul.“Thefootballteam,thebasketballteam---that’sourcompetitionforresources,studenttime,attention,schooldollars,parentefforts,schoolenthusiasm.”Teachersinlow-incomeurbanandruralareaswithnohistoryofparticipatinginmathcompetitionsmaynotknowaboutadvanced-mathopportunitieslikeMathCountandthosewhodomaynothavesupportorfeeltrainedtoleadthem.Butthereareinitiativesinplacetotrytogetmoreunderrepresentedstudentsinvolvedinacceleratedmath.ANewYorkCity-basednonprofitcalledBridgetoEnterMathematicsrunsaresidentialsummerprogramaimedatgettingunderservedstudentmostlyblackandHispanic,workingtowardmathandsciencecareers.Thesummerafter7thgrade,studentsspendthreeweeksonacollegecampusstudyingadvancedmathforsevenhoursaday.Overthenextfiveyears,thegrouphelpsthestudentsgetintootherelitesummermathprograms,high-performinghighschools,andeventuallycollege.About250studentssofarhavegonethroughtheprogram,whichreceivesfundingfromtheJackKentCookeFoundation.“Ifyoulookatalotoflow-incomecommunitiesintheUnitedStates,thereareprogramsthatareservingthem,butthey’reprimarilycenteredaroundLetsgetthesekid’gradesup’,andnotaround‘Let’sgetthesekidsaccesstothesamekindsofopportunitiesasmore-affluentkids,’”saidDanielfounderandexecutivedirectoroftheprogram.“We’retryingtocreatethatpathway.”Studentsapplytotheprogramdirectlythroughtheirschools.“Wewanttoreachparentswhoarenotpluggedintothesystem,”saidZaharopol.Inthepastfewyears,MathCountsaddedtwonewmiddleschoolprogramstotrytodiversifyitsparticipantpool---theNationalMathClubandtheMathVideoChallenge.SchoolsorteacherswhosignupfortheNationalMathClubreceiveakitfullofactivitiesandresources,butthere’snospecialteachertrainingandnocompetitionattached.TheMathVideoChallengeisacompetition,butacollaborativeone.Teamsoffourstudentsmakeavideoillustratingamathproblemanditsreal-worldapplication.Afterthehigh-pressureCountdownroundatthisyear’snationalMathCountscompetition,inwhichthetop12studentswentheadtoheadsolvingcomplexproblemsinrapidfire,thefinalistsfortheMathVideoChallengetookthestagetoshowtheirvideos.Thedemographicsofthatgrouplookedquitedifferentfromthoseinthecompetitionround---ofthe16videofinalists,13weregirlsandeightwereAfrican-Americanstudents.Thevideochallengedoesnotputindividualstudentsonthehotseat---soit’slessintimidatingbydesign.Italsoaddstheelementofartisticcreativitytoattractanewpoolofstudentswhomaynotseethemselvesas“mathpeople”.Middleschoolisacrucialperiodwhenstudentsmaybecomekeenlyinterestedinadvancedmathematics.ElitehighschoolmathcompetitionsareattractingmoreinterestthroughouttheUnitedStates.Mathcirclesprovidestudentswithaccesstoadvanced-mathtrainingbyuniversityprofessors.Studentsmaytakeadvantageofonlineresourcestolearntosolvemathproblems.Thesummerprogramrunbyanonprofitorganizationhashelpedmanyunderservedstudentslearnadvancedmath.Winnersoflocalcontestswillparticipateinthenationalmathcompetitionforfree.Manyschoolsdon’tplaceacademiccompetitionsatthetopoftheirprioritylist.ContestantsofelitehighschoolmathcompetitionsaremostlyAsianandwhitestudentsfromwell-offfamilies.Somemathtrainingprogramsprimarilyfocusonraisingstudents’mathscores.Someintensivesummerprogramsareveryexpensivebutmostofthemprovidescholarships.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestletteroAnnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WelivetodayindebtedtoMcCardell,Cashin,Hawes,Wilkins,andMaxwell,andotherwomenwholiberatedAmericanfashionfromtheconfinesofParisiandesign.Independencecameintying,wrapping,storing,harmonizing,andrationalizingthatwardrobe.Thesedesignersestablishedthemodemdresscode,lettingplaysuitsandotheractivewearoutfitssufficeforcasualclothing,allowingpantstoenterthewardrobe,andprizingrationalismandversatilityindress,incontradictiontodressingforanoccasionorallotmentoftheday.FashioninAmericawaslogicalandanswerabletothewillofthewomenwhoworeit.Implicitlyorexplicitly,Americanfashionaddressedademocracy,whereastraditionalParis-basedfashionwasprescriptiveandimposedonwomen,willingornot.Inanearliertime,AmericanfashionhadalsofollowedthedictatesofParis,orevencopiedandpiratedspecificFrenchdesigns.DesignersportswearwasnotmodeledonthatofEurope,as“modemart”wouldlaterbe;itwasgenuinelyinventedanddevelopedinAmerica.Itsdesignerswerenothigh-endwithsupplementarylines.Thedesignobjectiveandthebusinesscommitmentweretosportswear,andthedistinctivetraitswereproblem-solvingingenuityandrealisticlifestyleapplications.Easeofcarewasmostimportant:summerdressesandoutfits,inparticular,werechieflycotton,readilycapableofbeingwashedandpressedathome.Closingsweresimple,practical,andaccessible,asthemodemwomandependedonnopersonalmaidtodressher.Americandesignersprizedresourcefulnessandthefreedomofwomenwhoworetheclothing.Manyhavearguedthatthewomendesignersofthistimewereabletoprojecttheirownclothingvaluesintoanewstyle.Ofcourse,muchofthisargumentinthe1930s-40swasadvancedbecausetherewaslittleornoexperienceinjustifyingapparelonthebasisofutility.IfPariswascastaside,thetraditionofbeautywasalsotosomedegreeslighted.Designersportswearwouldhavetobeverifiedbyastandardotherthanthatofpurebeauty;theemulationofadesigner’slifeindesignersportswearwasacrudeversionofthisrelationship.Theconsumerwasultimatelytobementionedaswell,especiallybythelikesofDorothyShaver,whocouldpointtothesalesfiguresatLord&Taylor.CouldutilityalonejustifythenewideasoftheAmericandesigners?Fashionisoftenregardedasapursuitofbeauty,andsomecherishedfashion’strivialrelationshiptothefinearts.WhatthedesignersoftheAmericansportswearprovedwasthatfashionisagenuinedesignart,answeringtothedemandingneedsofservice.Ofcoursethesepractical,insightfuldesignershavedeterminedthecourseoflatetwentieth-centuryfashion.Theywerethepioneersofgenderequity,intheiruseful,adaptableclothing,whichwasbothmadeforthemassesandcapableofself-expression.WhatcontributiondidthewomendesignersmaketoAmericanfashion?TheymadesomeimprovementsonthetraditionalParisiandesign.TheyformulatedadresscodewithdistinctiveAmericanfeatures.Theycameupwithabrandnewsetofdesignprocedures.Theymadeoriginalityatoppriorityintheirfashiondesign.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericandesignersportswear?ItimitatedtheEuropeanmodel.Itlaidemphasisonwomen’sbeauty.ItrepresentedgenuineAmericanart.Itwasacompletelynewinvention.WhatcharacterizedAmericandesignersportswear?A)Pursuitofbeauty.B)Decorativeclosings.C)Easeofcare.D)Fabricquality.Whatoccurredinthedesignofwomen’sapparelinAmericaduringthe1930s-40s?A)Ashiftofemphasisfrombeautytoutility.B)TheemulationoftraditionalParisiandesign.Asearchforbalancebetweentraditionandnovelty.Theinvolvementofmorewomeninfashiondesign.WhatdowelearnaboutdesignersofAmericansportswear?Theycateredtothetasteoftheyoungergeneration.Theyradicallychangedpeople’sconceptofbeauty.Theyadvocatedequitybetweenmenandwomen.TheybecamerivalsoftheirParisiancounterparts.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Massiverubbishdumpsandsprawlinglandfillsconstituteoneofthemoreuncomfortableimpactsthathumanshaveonwildlife.Theyhaveledsomebirdstogiveuponmigration.Insteadofflyingthousandsofmilesinsearchoffood,theymakethewastesitestheirwinterfeedinggrounds.ResearchersinGermanyusedminiatureGPStagstotrackthemigrationsof70whitestorksfromdifferentsitesacrossEuropeandAsiaduringthefirstfivemonthsoftheirlives.Whilemanybirdstravelledalongwell-knownroutestowarmerclimates,othersstoppedshortandspentthewinteronlandfills,feedingonfoodwaste,andthemultitudesofinsectsthatthriveonthedumps.Intheshort-term,thebirdsseemtobenefitfromoverwintering(过冬)onrubbishdumps.AndreaFlackoftheMaxPlanckInstitutefoundthatbirdsfollowingtraditionalmigrationroutesweremorelikelytodiethanGermanstorksthatflewonlyasfarasnorthernMorocco,andspentthewinterthereonrubbishdumps.“Forthebirdsit’saveryconvenientwaytogetfood.Therearehugeclustersoforganicwastetheycanfeedon,”saidFlack.Themealsarenotparticularlyappetising,orevensafe.Muchofthewasteisdiscardedrottenmeat,mixedinwithotherhumandebrissuchasplasticbagsandoldtoys.“Itsveryrisky.ThebirdscaneasilyeatpiecesofplasticorrubberbandsandtheycaniesaidFlack.“Andwedon’tknowaboutthelong-termconsequences.Theymighteatsomethingtoxicanddamagetheirhealth.Wecannotestimatethatyet.”ThescientiststrackedwhitestorksfromdifferentcoloniesinEuropeandAfrica.TheRussian,GreekandPolishstorksflewasfarasSouthAfrica,whilethosefromSpain,TunisiaandGermanyflewonlyasfarastheSahel.LandfillsitesontheIberianpeninsulahavelongattractedlocalwhitestorks,butalloftheSpanishbirdstaggedinthestudyflewacrosstheSaharadeserttothewesternSahel.Writinginthejournal,thescientistsdescribehowthestorksfromGermanywereclearlyaffectedbythepresenceofwastesites,withfouroutofsixbirdsthatsurvivedforatleastfivemonthsoverwinteringonrubbishdumpsinnorthernMorocco,insteadofmigratingtotheSahel.Flacksaiditwastooearlytoknowwhetherthebenefitsofplentifulfoodoutweighedtherisksoffeedingonlandfills.Butthat’snottheonlyuncertainty.Migratingbirdsaffectecosystemsbothathomeandattheirwinterdestinations,anddisruptingthetraditionalroutescouldhaveunexpectedsideeffects.Whitestorksfeedonlocustsandotherinsectsthatcanbecomepestsiftheirnumbersgetoutofhand.“TheyprovideausefulservicesaidFlack.Whatistheimpactofrubbishdumpsonwildlife?Theyhaveforcedwhitestorkstosearchforsaferwintershelters.Theyhaveseriouslypollutedtheplaceswherebirdsspendwinter.Theyhaveacceleratedthereproductionofsomeharmfulinsects.Theyhavechangedthepreviousmigrationhabitsofcertainbirds.Whatdowelearnaboutbirdsfollowingthetraditionalmigrationroutes?Theycanmultiplyatanacceleratingrate.Theycanbetterpullthroughthewinter.Theyhelphumanskillharmfulinsects.Theyaremorelikelytobeatriskofdying.WhatdoesAndreaFlacksayaboutthebirdsoverwinteringonrubbishdumps?Theymayendupstayingtherepermanently.Theymayeatsomethingharmful.Theymayevolvenewfeedinghabits.Theymayhavetroublegettingadequatefood.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheSpanishbirdstaggedinthestudy?Theygraduallylosethehabitofmigratinginwinter.Theypreferrubbishdumpsfarawaytothoseathome.Theyarenotattractedtotherubbishdumpsontheirmigrationroutes.TheyjointhestorksfromGermanyonrubbishdumpsinMorocco.Whatisscientists’otherconcernaboutwhitestorksfeedingonlandfills?Thepotentialharmtotheecosystem.Thegeneticchangeinthestorkspecies.Thespreadofepidemicstotheirhomeland.Thedamagingeffectonbio-diversity.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.276促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。同时，还进口很多外国商品，如时钟和烟草。北京、南京/扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在明代，由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进展了七次大规模探险航行。还值得一提的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明代。【参考范文】WhethertoAttendCollegeatHomeorAbroad?Currently,withstudyingabroadgainsmountingpopularityamongpeople,thereisaheateddebateaboutwhethertoattendcollegeathomeorabroad.Opinionsonthistopicvaryfrompersontoperson.Someseemorebenefitsinstudyingathomewhileothersclaimthatstudyingabroadisamoreidealchoiceasit’smorechallenging.Personally,Iamastrongfavorerofthelatterview.Listedbelowarethereasonsformyadvice.Firstofall,attendingcollegeabroadprovidesanopportunitytobroadenone’sexperienceandmind.Youcanacquirecross-culturalexperiencesandgainnewperspectivesonyourchosenfieldofstudy.Inaddition,studyingabroadhelpsyoutopolishyoursocialskills;youcanmakefriendswithdifferentpeoplewithdifferentbackground.Thirdly,overseasstudyingisconducivetotheformationofanindependent,autonomousandtenaciouspersonality,whichwillultimatelybenefittheachievementofourlifegoals.Justasanoldsayinggoes:Itisbettertotravelthousandmilesthantoreadtenthousandbook.Thenstudyingabroadcannotonlyenableustoreapinourbooks,butalsoinourtrips.Andthisiswhyattendingcollegeabroadisapreferableselectionforme.【解析】K。空格前是系动词is和副词often，空格后是不定式to，所以此空应当填入一个形容词或者动词的-edreferredbereferredtoasK。【解析】O。空格前是名词词组therightearsof，空格后是系动词was，所以此空应当填入一个表示人的名词，表示所属关系。选项volunteersO。was-ed形式observeobserve。选项specifically符合。应选M。【解析】H。空格前是不定冠词a；空格后是名词environment，所以此空应当填入一个