北师大版（2023）选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 Conservation B卷 能力提升单元达标测试卷（含解析）

第第页北师大版（2023）选择性必修第一册Unit3ConservationB卷能力提升单元达标测试卷（含解析）Unit3ConservationB卷能力提升—2023-2024学年高二英语北师大版（2023）选择性必修第一册单元达标测试卷

考试时间：90分钟

满分：120分

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Fourappstokeepyourlifeontrack

Fromsimpletaskschedulingtodetailedtaskmanagement,alltheseappsoffereverythingyouneedforefficienttaskrecording.

Focuster

WithFocuster,youjustneedtoaddallyourtasksandthetoolwillarrangethemimmediatelyinorderofimportance.Afteraddingallthetasks,justpresstheNowbuttonandthetoolwillshowthetasksyoushouldbefocusingonfortheday.

TeuxDeux

Thisusefulappletsyouscheduleandorganizeallyourtasksforthewholeweek.Justaddthetasksbelowthedaycolumnandyou'redone.WanttomoveataskfromonecolumntoanotherNoworries.Itsdrag-and-dropinterface(界面)letsyourearrangethetaskandaddittoadifferentday'scolumn.Additionally,TeuxDeuxletsyouaddrepeatingtasksforaday.

TickTick

TickTickallowsyoutoaddtasks,subtasks,customremindersaswellasdeadlinesforaday,aweek,oramonth.Inordertoprovideyouwithmoreeaseintaskscheduling,TickTickoffersanicecalendarview,whereyoucanaddoredittasksonaweeklyordailybasis.Italsohasexperimentalfeatures,whichyoucanturnonifyouwanttotryoutbetacapabilities(测试功能).

Wunderlist

Theappletsyoucreatetasksandsubtasksandallowsyoutosharewithyourfamily,friendsandcolleagues.Thewholeappisdesignedinthemostuser-friendlywayandoffersyoutheabilitytoadddeadlines,additionalinformationandreminders.

1.Whatbenefitcanyougetfromthefourapps

A.Completingyourworkmoreeasily.

B.Obtainingeverythingyouneedfaster.

C.GettingaccesstotheInternetmorequickly.

D.Organizingyouractivitiesmoreeffectively.

2.What'sthesimilaritybetweenTeuxDeuxandTickTick

A.Theyofferabeautifulcalendarview.

B.Theyhavegreatexperimentalfeatures.

C.Theycanhelporganizetasksforaweek.

D.Theyhaveaveryuser-friendlyinterface.

3.Toshareyourtaskswithothers,you'dprefertochoose_____.

A.FocusterB.TeuxDeuxC.TickTickD.Wunderlist

B

CaoZhawahasbeenplantingtreesformostofhislife.HelivesandworksintheheartofMuUsDesert,anareainthesouthwestpartofInnerMongolia.

In1958,whenhewasjust16yearsold,Caostartedplantingtrees.Cao'streesnowcoveranareaofmorethan1.3millionsquaremetres.Cao'sforestisworthanestimated10millionyuanandcanproduce100,000kilogramsofoxygen,enoughtosustainafull-grownadultfornearlyayear.

MuUsDesertisoneoftheplacesinChinamostaffectedbyerosion(侵蚀)anddesertification.Theamountofannualrainfallrangesfrom150to300millimetres,whileevaporation(蒸发)between2,000and3,000millimetres.Caorecallsthathisgrowing-upwastroubledbysandstorms.ThiswasoneofthefactorsthatmotivatedCaotojoinandstayonthetree-plantingprogramme.

Popularlyknownasthe"GreenGreatWall",theproject,whichissetforcompletionin2050,wouldbea4,800-kilometregreenbeltoftreesandshrubs(灌木)protectingtheareafromstrongwindsandpreventingsoilerosion.SincethestartoftheThree-NorthShelterForestProgramme,millionsofpeoplehavejoinedinandbecomeavitalpartoftheplan.

However,thetree-plantersfaceahostofchallenges,withwateringthemostdifficultamongthem."WhenIwasyoung,thelevelofgroundwaterwashigh,"saidCao."Butwithlessrain,thetreesarehardtoplantandkeepalive."

PlantingtreeshasalsobecomeharderforCaoasheages.However,hedoesn'twanttoleavetheforestinthecareofhischildren,andheinsiststhelandbelongstothegovernment."WhenIdie,Ijustwanttobeburiedunderthetrees,"Caosaid."ThenIwillbewiththemforever."

1.BylistingthefiguresinParagraph2,theauthorwantsto_____________.

A.showCaohashadahardlifeB.praiseCaoforhiscontribution

C.tellushowmuchoxygenanadultneedsD.makeitclearthatCaohasmadeafortune

2.WhydidCaomakeuphismindtoplanttrees

A.Evaporationinhishometownwasserious.

B.Hehadnootherwaystoearnaliving.

C.Hefounditapleasuretoplanttrees.

D.Sandstormskeptstrikinghishometown.

3.WhatdoesCaoZhawamostcareabout

A.Hishealth.B.Hiswealth.

C.Theforest'sownership(所有权).D.Hischildren'sfuture.

4.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage

A.AnElderintheDesert

B.ALifeDevotedtoPlantingTrees

C.MuUsDesertRequiresForest

D.CaoZhawa—aPeasantwithaGreatDream

C

Theworstoutbreakofdesertlocusts(蝗虫)indecadesispresentlyunderwayintheHornofAfrica.Itisthebiggestofitskindin25yearsforEthiopiaandSomalia--andtheworstKenyahasseenfor70years.

WhatweareseeinginEastAfricatodayisunlikeanythingwe'veseeninaverylongtime.Itsdestructivepotentialisenormous,andit'stakingplaceinaregionwherefarmersneedeverygramoffoodtofeedthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Mostofthehardesthitcountriesarethosewheremillionsofpeoplehavealreadybeenvulnerable(易受伤害的)orinserioushumanitarianneed,astheyenduretheimpactofviolence,drought,andfloods.

Wehaveactedquicklytorespondtothisoutbreak.Theprimarymethodofbattlingwithlocustsistheaerialsprayingofpesticides(杀虫剂).FAO's(FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations)"LocustWatch"serviceexplainsthat"althoughgiantnets,flamethrowers,lasers,andhugevacuumshavebeenproposedinthepast,thesearenotinuseforlocustcontrol.Birdscaneatlocustsbutit'susuallynotenoughtosignificantlyreducetheirpopulationlevelsoverlargeareas".

TheUnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairshasreleased$10millionfromitsCentralEmergencyResponseFundtofundlarge-scaleaerialoperationstomanagetheoutbreak.

Butthewindowofcontainingthiscrisisisclosingfast.WeonlyhavetobringthisinfestationundercontrolbeforethebeginningofMarchasthatiswhentheplantingseasonbegins.Ifleftunchecked--andwithexpectedadditionalrain--locustpopulationinEastAfricacouldincrease500timesbyJune.

Wemustactnowtoavoidafull-blowncatastrophe.Andwewill.Atthesametime,weneedtopayattentiontoabiggerpicture.ThisisnotthefirsttimetheHornofAfricahasseenlocustoutbreakapproachthisscale,butthecurrentsituationistheworstindecades.Thisislinkedtoclimatechange.Warmerseasmeanmoretropicalstorms,generatingtheperfectbreedingconditionsforlocusts.

1.WhatisimpliedinParagraph2

A.PeopleinEastAfricaaresufferingdrought.

B.PeopleinEastAfricaaregoingthroughfloods.

C.Thelocustoutbreakwillcausecropfailures.

D.Thelocustoutbreakisworseningthelocals'life.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph

A.Weneedabiggerpicturetostudythedisaster.

B.ItisthesecondoutbreakoflocustsinEastAfrica.

C.Itisthelargestoutbreakoflocustseverinhistory.

D.Theoutbreakoflocustsisfueledbyglobalwarming.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext

A.Toanalyzeandcompare.B.Toinformandcallfor.

C.Toargueanddiscuss.D.Tointroduceandassess.

4.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom

A.Aguidebook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Anewsreport.D.Achemistrypaper.

D

Humandemandsfornaturalresourceshavedoubledinlessthan50yearsandarenowbeyondwhattheearthcanprovide,areportwarned.Ifhumanscarryonlikethis,wewillneedtwoearthsby2030.Thepopulationofwildlifehasfallenby60%inthirtyyears.

ThereportsaidBritishpeopleareconsuming(消耗)farmorethantheearthcandealwith.Ifeveryonelivedsuchalifestyle,humanswouldneed2.75planetstosurvive.Peoplearenowlivinglifestyleswhichwouldrequire1.5planets,thoughtherearegreatdifferencesbetweenrichandpoornations.

Researchersstudiedtheglobalchangeinlanduseandwaterconsumption.TheUKcomes31stinalistofcountriesbasedon"ecologicalfootprint(生态足迹)"thatmeasureshowmuchlandandseaeachpersonneedstoproducetheresourcestheyconsumeandtoabsorbthewastes.TheUKhasfallendownfromthe15thplaceinthelastreporttwoyearsagotothe31stplace,buttheWWFbelievesitisanincreaseinothercountries'effortsratherthanareductionintheUK'suseofresources.

Irelandhasthe10thhighestecologicalfootprint,whiletheUnitedArabEmirates,Qatar,Denmark,BelgiumandtheUSarethefiveworstcountriesforover-consumptionofresources.Thestudysuggestsiftheexpectedglobalpopulationof9.2billionin2050weretoeataMalaysiandiet,1.3planetswouldbeneededbutifeveryoneweretoeatanItaliandiet,humanswouldneedalmosttwoplanets.Thosecountriesthatcanprovidethehighestqualityoflifeusingthelowestamountofresourceswillnotonlyservetheglobalinterest,butwillbetheleadersinaresource-limitedworld.

1.Wewillprobablyneed_____earthsifwefollowtheBritishlifestyle.

A.1.3B.2.75C.2D.1.5

2.Whatdoweknowabout"ecologicalfootprint"

A.Ithassomethingtodowithhumandemandsforresourcesandtheirwastes.

B.Itisusedtoproducetheresourcesandabsorbthewastes.

C.Wecanknowthetotalamountofresourcesontheearththroughit.

D.Itisaboutchangesinlanduseandwaterconsumptionacrosstheglobe.

3.TheWWFbelievesthat_____.

A.theEarthwon'tbeabletomeethumanneedsafter50years

B.theUKhaspossiblynotreducedtheuseofresourcesoverthepasttwoyears

C.IrelandhasalowerecologicalfootprintthantheUK

D.therearenobigdifferencesinlifestylebetweenrichandpoornations

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutMalaysiafromthetext

A.IthasalargerpopulationthanItaly.

B.ItconsumesfewerresourcesthanItaly.

C.Itwouldneedalmosttwoplanets.

D.Ithasthehighestqualityoflife.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Swap,Don'tshop!

Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,rightButitdoesn'tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources(资源)tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor①________.It'sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.

Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It'sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.

●Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.②______,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

●③_______.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new"clotheshome.

●Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.④_____.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.

●Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay"go,"orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.⑤_____.Anddon'tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it'saparty!

A.Lesspeoplethanthat

B.Holdaclothingswap

C.Iftwopeoplearecompeting

D.Justkeepmusicplayingthroughout

E.Donatewhateverclothesareleftover

F.Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots

G.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition

第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Manyofusdreamofmakingallthedifference—earningalotofmoney.Agreatscientisthasachievedthatbigsuccessand1allthemoneytohelpothers.ProfessorNicolaCurtinoftheNewcastleUniversitysuccessfully2anewdrugforcancer,butwhenthetimecameforherbig3,shechosetogivesomeoftheprofitsawaytohelpneedypeopletomaketheirlifebetter.

ThedrugRubracaisthe4of30yearsofresearchandhelpspeoplewhohaveageneknowntoleadtoanincreasing5ofbreastcancer.RubracahelpstargetthecancerouscellssoastorepairtheirDNAandfinally6tumourcells(肿瘤细胞).TheNewcastleUniversity7rightsofthemedication(药物)for$40.8milliontoacompany,whichisalargesumofmoney.Insteadoftreatingherself,Curtinusedher$1.2millionshareto8TheCurtinPARP(PassionateAboutRealisingYourPotential)Fund.

Thefund9tohelpthedisabled,thehomeless,andanyoneexperiencingadisadvantage.Ithelpsthemtodeveloptheskillsto10difficultiessothattheycangeteducationoremployment."Thosepeople's11makesmethinkaboutlife.IhavealreadyhadeverythingthatIneedinlifebuttherearemanypeoplewhoareleadingahardlife.12,throughTheCurtinPARPFund,Iwanttoleavea(n)13legacy(遗赠)byhelpingthemmasterthebasicskillsforlife.AndIfeel14ofwhatIhavedone,"saidCurtin.

WhatCurtinhasdonetellsusthatwecanhelpothersinmany15byusingourtalent,andbyreachingoutandofferingmuchassistance,etc.

1.A.madeB.passedC.donatedD.showed

2.A.exchangedB.tookC.acceptedD.created

3.A.payoffB.celebrationC.eventD.benefit

4.A.instructionB.improvementC.chanceD.result

5.A.viewB.riskC.causeD.fact

6.A.makeB.studyC.removeD.catch

7.A.soldB.offeredC.ensuredD.achieved

8.A.raiseB.establishC.presentD.obtain

9.A.aimsB.affordsC.beginsD.competes

10.A.avoidB.realiseC.overcomeD.experience

11.A.actionB.admirationC.shameD.situation

12.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.MeanwhileD.Therefore

13.A.thankfulB.carefulC.lastingD.interesting

14.A.afraidB.proudC.sickD.sure

15.A.aspectsB.waysC.purposesD.attempts

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Climatechangehascausedariseinsealevels.Thishasincreasedtheamountofsailinfreshwater①_________(use)oncoastalfarms.Asaresult,farmersare②_________(gradual)unabletousefieldsclosetothesea.

However,MareVanRijsselberghe,afarmerintheNetherlandsisnowusinga③_________(mix)ofseaandfreshwater④_________(grow)healthyandtastyvegetables.

HeteamedupwithscientistsfromtheFreeUniversityofAmsterdamanddividedafarm⑤_________eightirrigatedareas.Separatepipespumpedfreshandseawater,and⑥_________computerprogramcreatedwaterwitheightlevelsofsalinity(含盐度).

Thewaterlevelsandthelevelsofsalinitywerecontrolledbycomputerisedmeasuringdevicescalled"sensors".MrVanRijsselberghesaidhewasabletoharvestvegetablesfrommostoftheeighttestareas.Hesaidthevegetablesweresmallerthan⑦_________growninfreshwater.Buthesaidtheyalsohatimoresugarandsalt,sotheytastedmuch⑧_________(good).

Hefoundthatpotatoesgrewbetterthantheothervegetablesinthecombinationofseaandfreshwater.MrVanRijsselberghesaidfourkindsofthesepotatoeswouldbesenttoPakistan⑨_________thousandsofhectaresofland⑩_________(damage)bysalinisation(盐化作用)lastyear.

第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假定你是李华，准备参加学校月底举行的英语演讲比赛。请给英国笔友John写封邮件，请他帮忙指导。内容包括：

1.写信目的；

2.描述困难；

3.期待获得帮助。

注意：

1.字数80左右；

2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

DearJohn,

Howareyoudoing

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

LiHua

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

MyparentsandIhadbeenplanningmybrother'sbirthdaypartysincethebeginningofMarch.Johnnywouldbesixyearsoldintwodays.Mymomwasgoingtobakeaspecialchocolatecakewithwhiteicing.AsIwatchedher,IwonderedwhatIcandotomakemybrother'sbirthdayspecial.

IknewmyparentshadalreadyboughtapresentformetogivetoJohnny,butIwantedtobuyhimsomethingchosenbymyselfandwiththemoneyIhadsaved.Aftergivingitsomethought,Iwantedtobuyhimthepaint-by-numberkit(数字涂色小套装)Ihadseenatthestorearoundthecorner.

IdecidedtoemptymycoinjarandseehowmuchmoneyIhadsaved.However,IwasdisappointedtofindtherewasmuchlessthanIhadimagined."Oh,no,Ionlyhaveaboutthreedollars,"Imutteredtomyself."ThekitcostmorethanIhavesaved."

Suddenlya"great"ideaoccurredtome.Islidintomyparents'bedroomwheremydadkeptloosechangeontopofthedresser.Istoodonmytiptoesandsawsomedimes,nickels,andafewquarters.IcarefullycountedoutwhatIneededtomakeupthedifference.IwassureDadwouldn'tmindjustthisonce,Ithought.

However,Iwassoonovercomebyguilt.Eventhoughtherewasnooneelseinthebedroom,IfeltlikeIwasbeingwatched.Momwasalwaystellingusabouttheimportanceofhonesty.Maybemyplanwasn'tagreatidea,Ithought.Ijingledthechangeinmypocketwhilewonderingwhattodo.

Igrabbedmyjacketfromtheclosetandheadedtowardthedoor."Whereareyougoing,honey"Momasked."Oh,justuptothecornerstore,"Ireplied."Well,don'tstayouttoolong,Daddywillbehomesoon.""Okay,Mom,"Iranoutofourhouse.

OnceIgottothestore,Itookthepaint-by-numberkitfromtheshelf.

"CanIhelpyou,younglady"thesalesclerkasked.

"No.I'mjustlooking,thankyou,"Isaid.

"That'sareallynicepaintkit.Wehavesoldalotofthemand,asyoucansee,that'sthelastone,"shesaid.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Inoddedmyheadinagreement,withmymindracing.___________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

IwouldjusthavetowaituntilIsavedtheextramoneyIneeded.____________________

___________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案以及解析

第一部分阅读理解

第一节

A

答案：1-3DCD

解析：1.细节理解题。第一段说从简单的任务调度到详细的任务管理，这四个应用程序都提供了高效记录任务所需的一切，由此可知，这四个应用程序都可以让你更有效地安排你的活动，故D项正确。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Thisusefulappletsyouscheduleandorganizeallyourtasksforthewholeweek."及第四段中的"TickTickallowsyoutoaddtasks,subtasks,customremindersaswellasdeadlinesforaday,aweek,oramonth."可知，TeuxDeux和TickTick的相似之处是这两个应用程序都可以帮助你安排一周的任务，故C项正确。故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Theappletsyoucreatetasksandsubtasksandallowsyoutosharewithyourfamily,friendsandcolleagues."可知，Wunderlist允许你创建任务、子任务，并允许你与家人、朋友和同事分享，由此可知，要想与他人分享你的任务，你会选择Wunderlist,故D项正确。故选D。

B

答案：1-4.BDCB

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段的内容"In1958,whenhewasjust16yearsold,Caostartedplantingtrees.Cao'streesnowcoveranareaofmorethan1.3millionsquaremetres.Cao'sforestisworthanestimated10millionyuanandcanproduce100,000kilogramsofoxygen,enoughtosustainafull-grownadultfornearlyayear.(1958年,年仅16岁的曹开始植树,目前他的树木的覆盖面积已超过130万平方米,他的森林价值约1000万元,能产生10万公斤氧气,可维持一个成年人将近一年的生命。)"可推知,这些数据表明,曹扎娃在植树方面取得了很大的成就,列举这些数据是为了称赞曹扎娃。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段的内容"MuUsDesertisoneoftheplacesinChinamostaffectedbyerosion(侵蚀)anddesertification...ThiswasoneofthefactorsthatmotivatedCaotojoinandstayonthetree-plantingprogramme.(毛乌素沙地是中国受侵蚀和荒漠化影响最严重的地方之一……这是促使他加人并继续植树计划的原因之一。)"可知,沙尘暴经常侵袭他的家乡,这让他决定要植树。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"However,hedoesn'twanttoleavetheforestinthecareofhischildren,andheinsiststhelandbelongstothegovernment.(然而,他不想把森林留给他的孩子们,他坚持土地属于政府。)"可知,他最在意的是森林的归属权,他坚持森林属于政府,属于国家。故选C。

4.主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容"CaoZhawahasbeenplantingtreesformostofhislife.HelivesandworksintheheartofMuUsDesert,anareainthesouthwestpartofInnerMongolia.(曹扎娃大半辈子都在种树,他生活和工作在内蒙古西南部的毛乌素沙地的中心地带。)"可知,文章主要讲述了一位奉献一生来种树的老人的故事。B项"ALifeDevotedtoPlantingTrees(献身植树造林的一生)"适合做本文标题。故选B。

C

答案：1-4.DDBC

解析：1.推理判断题。由第二段中的Itsdestructivepotentialisenormous,andit'stakingplaceinaregionwherefarmersneedeverygramoffoodtofeedthemselvesandtheirfamilies.可知,蝗灾的破坏潜力是巨大的,而且它发生在一个农民们需要每一克食物来养活自己和家人的地区。原本这些地方的人就是依赖土地种植庄稼来养活自己和家人,现在蝗灾爆发,只会让当地人的生活更加艰难。故选D。

2.推理判断题。由最后一段的最后两句可知,蝗灾爆发与气候变化有关。气候变化导致海洋变暖,带来更多的热带风暴,为蝗虫创造了完美的繁殖条件。由此可知,全球变暖对蝗灾的爆发起到了推动作用。故选D。

3.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了非洲东部蝗灾的爆发。由最后一段中的Wemustactnowtoavoidafull-blowncatastrophe.可知,呼吁人们现在行动起来,避免一场全面爆发的灾难。所以这篇文章的目的是告知和呼吁大家采取行动来应对蝗灾。故选B。

4.推理判断题。本篇文章介绍了非洲东部爆发的蝗虫灾害给当地人的生活带来严重影响,因此呼吁大家采取行动。由此可推断,本文可能出自新闻报道。故选C。

D

答案：1-4.BABB

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"ThereportsaidBritishpeopleareconsuming(消耗)farmorethantheEarthcandealwith.Ifeveryonelivedsuchalifestyle,humanswouldneed2.75planetstosurvive."可知,如果我们仿效英国人的生活方式,我们可能需要2.75个地球。故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的"...basedon'ecologicalfootprint(生态足迹)'thatmeasureshowmuchlandandseaeachpersonneedstoproducetheresourcestheyconsumeandtoabsorb(吸收)thewastes."可知,生态足迹与人类对资源的需求和浪费有关。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,英国的排名从两年前的第15位降至第31位,但世界自然基金会认为,这是其他国家努力的结果,而不是英国的资源使用量减少了。因此,世界自然基金会认为,英国可能没有减少对资源的使用。故选B。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Thestudysuggestsiftheexpectedglobalpopulationof9.2billionin2050weretoeataMalaysiandiet,1.3planetswouldbeneededbutifeveryoneweretoeatanItaliandiet,humanswouldneedalmosttwoplanets."可知,马来西亚人的消费模式消耗的资源比意大利的少。故选B。

第二节

答案：①-⑤BAGFD

解析：①根据上文"Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor(那么,该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的看起来完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢)"可知此处提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。根据下文"It'sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.(这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。)"可知此处提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法,空处应起承上启下的作用,承接上文讲到的问题,启下提出的方法,所以空处应该提出一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项"Holdaclothingswap.(进行衣物交换。)"给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法,承上启下,符合上下文语境。故选B。

②根据上文"Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.(邀请5到10个人,这样你就有一个很好的选择。)"可知此处说明了应该邀请的人数。根据下文"andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.(可能没有足够的东西可供选择;多于这个数量,它就变得无法控制。)可知多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空处应是针对下文中的"morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.(超过这个数,就会变得无法控制。)"提出的相反假设。A项"Lesspeoplethanthat(少于这些人)"提出一种假设,和下文中"morethanthat"相对,说明人数不宜太多,也不能太少,符合上下文语境。故选A。

③空处位于段首,是本段的主旨句。根据下文"Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new"clotheshome.(他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子,把他们的"新"衣服带回家。)说明去的时候应该为交换所得的"新衣服"准备袋子,所以空处应该讲对每个来参加交换派对的人所带衣物的要求。G项"Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition.(告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。)"说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服,其中的bring和下文中carry相对,下文中的also也是提示词,并且空后的They指代G项的everyone,概括本段文意,符合上下文语境。故选G。

④根据段首句"Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.(把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。)"可知本段主要讲衣服带来以后的相关问题,根据下文"Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.(在房间周围放几面镜子,这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。)可知在房间里要放置一面镜子,方便人们试穿衣服,空处承上启下,所以空处应该讲的是在房间里人们对于带来的衣服应该怎么做。F项"Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots.(让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。)"说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置,而且F项的spots对应空前的surfaces,符合上下文语境。故选F。

⑤根据上文"Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay"go,"orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.(设置开始时间。也许你说"开始",或者打开一首歌,或者无论什么。)可知本段主要讲的是和聚会有关的事情。根据下文"Anddon'tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it'saparty!(别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住,这是个派对!)"可知此处讲的是聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。空处承上启下,所以也应该讲述和聚会有关的内容。D项"Justkeepmusicplayingthroughout.(要始终播放音乐。)"承接上文,启出下文,而且D项中的music对应空前的acertainsong,与前文形成意义上的一致,符合上下文语境。故选D。

第二部分语言知识运用

第一节

答案：1-5.DDADB;6-10.CABAC;11-15.DDCBB

解析：1.根据后一句中的shechosetogivesomeoftheprofitsawaytohelpneedypeopletomaketheirlifebetter可知,这位伟大的科学家把部分利润捐赠(donated)出去帮助别人,donated和chosetogive...away相呼应。故选C。

2.空后为anewdrugforcancer,而新药应是被"研制"出来的,故created符合语境。

3.根据空后的someoftheprofits可知,此处应指妮古拉柯廷爵努力得到回报(payoff)的时刻。payoff意为"回报;报偿",与profits相呼应,符合语境。故选A。

4.此处指治疗癌症的药品芦卡帕利是30年研究的成果(result)。故选D。

5.句意为:药品芦卡帕利是30年研究的成果,它可以帮助那些带有已知会导致乳腺癌患病风险增加的基因的人。根据语境和常识可知,需要药物帮助的应是有患乳腺癌风险(risk)的人。故选B。

6.根据常识可知,治癌药物的最终目标是清除(remove)癌细胞。故选C。

7.句意为:纽卡斯尔大学以4,080万美元的价格把这种药物的相关权限卖给了一家公司……根据空后的for$40.8milliontoacompany可知,此处指出售(sold)药物芦卡帕利的相关权限。故选A。

8.根据语境可知,此处表示她用自己那份120万美元的酬金建立(establish)了CurtinPARP基金会。故选B。

9.空后tohelpthedisabled...是设立基金会的目的,aimtodosth意为"旨在做某事",符合语境。故选a。

10.此处和空后的difficulties搭配,克服(overcome)符合语境,此处指帮助他们掌握克服困难的技能。故选C。

11.根据后一句中的therearemanypeoplewhoareleadingahardlife可知,是这些人的处境(situation)让柯廷开始思考生活。故选D。