新教材高中外研版英语选择性必修4学案Unit1SectionⅡUsinglanguage

SectionⅡUsinglanguageⅠ.重点词汇1．________n.允许进入(加入)→________v.承认；允许……进入2．________n.参加，参与→________v.参加→________n.参与者Ⅱ.重点短语1．________________做出决定，拿定主意2．________________放过；放弃，错过(机会)3．________________(对原先的决定)犹豫/产生怀疑4．________________推迟……，使……延期5．________________坚决拒绝……；彻底否决……6．________________仔细考虑，权衡7．________________对……深刻理解8．________________每天都……9．________________(由……)引起；起因于……10．________________比如，例如11．________________拒绝；调低(音量)12．________________而不是；代替Ⅲ.重点句型但是如果我考试考不好，考不进医学院怎么办？But________________Idon'tdowellenoughintheexamtogetintotheMedicalSchool?►第一版块|重点词汇诠释1．admissionn．(机构、组织等的)准许加入；承认；入场费admitv.承认；允许……进入；接纳admit(to)sth./doingsth./havingdonesth.承认某事/做某事/做过某事beadmittedinto/to被接纳进入；被录取到❶AdmissiontoBritishuniversitiesdependsonexaminationresults.英国大学入学以考试成绩为凭证。❷HowdowegainadmissiontotheBuckinghamPalace?我们怎样才能获准进入白金汉宫？❸Sheadmittedhavingreadtheletterwithoutmypermission.她承认未经我的允许读了这封信。❹Youwillnotbeadmittedtothetheatreaftertheperformancehasstarted.表演开始之后你将不能进入剧院。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Tomappliedfor________(admit)tothegraduateprogrmmeatNorthwesternUniversitybutwasn'tadmitted________itatlast.②Hissonfailedtogain________(admit)tothecinemabecauseonlyonepersonisadmitted________itbyoneticket.③Herefusedtoadmit________(steal)thecar.2．makeupone'smind做出决定，拿定主意makeupone'smindtodosth.决心/决定做某事makeupone'smindthat决心/决定做某事Imadeupmymind(that)Iwouldfindoutwhatwasgoodinmypresentsituation.＝Imadeupmymindtofindoutwhatwasgoodinmypresentsituation.我决心要发现我现在的处境中好的方面。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Themanwhohasmadeuphismind________(win)willneversay“impossible”．②Wemakeupour________(mind)togotothecountryforourholiday.单句写作③我已经决定要考进重点大学。________________________________________________________________________名师点津：短语makeupone'smind中mind的单复数形式取决于物主代词：代词是单数，mind用单数；代词是复数，mind用复数。例如：makeupmymind,makeupourminds。3．participationn.参加，参与participantn.参加者；参与者participatevi.参与；参加participatein(doing)sth.参与(做)某事❶Wewantmoreparticipationinthedecision­making.我们想更多地参与决策。❷Youareexpectedtobeanactiveparticipant.你应该成为一名积极的参与者。❸I'llhavetoparticipateinasportingactivitythatday.那天我必须去参加一项体育活动。[即学即练]用pariticipate的正确形式填空①Anystudentwhoisinterestedisweleto________.②Lackofresourcespreventsmanystatesfrom________fullyininternationalagreements.③Encouragedbytheteacher,the________actively________intheEnglishspeechcontest.Their________inspiredtherestoftheclasstostudyhard.►第二版块|重点句型解构(教材P6)ButwhatifIdon'tdowellenoughintheexamtogetintotheMedicalSchool?但是如果我考试考不好，考不进医学院怎么办？[句式分析]Whatif...？如果……怎么办？假使……将会怎么样？❶Whatifnoonehelpshimoutduringmyabsence?我不在的时候，如果没人帮他怎么办？❷WhatifIlendyouthemoney?Wouldn'tthatmakeeverythingalotsimpler?我借钱给你怎么样？这样所有的事情不就简单多了吗？Whatif...？是约定俗成的省略形式。类似的还有：What/Howabout...？……怎么样？Sowhat?那又怎样？Howe?怎么会呢？Whynot?为什么不呢？ifso如果是这样的话ifnot如果不是这样的话ifpossible如果可能的话ifnecessary如果有必要的话[即学即练]完成句子①________________________(如果……怎么办)shecan'tadjusttothelifeintheremoteplace?②Theplaneisduetotakeoffat7：50fromtheairport.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________?(如果我们不能及时赶到那儿该怎么办)?③Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar'sengine.________________________________(如果这样的话),we'dbettertakeittothegarage.④________________________________(如果可能的话),we'dbettersitintheshadeofatalltree.DiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar——动词的时态[新知导引]诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1．Ihavealreadyfinishedallthework.2．Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgotzooletters.3．Theyworkedtogetherinthe1990s,andhavekeptincontacteversince.4．Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.5．IsaidIwouldarrangeeverything.6．Hehaswrittenaletter.7．Hehasbeenwritingaletter.8．Iwasgoingtorunthismorning,butoverslept.9．Shehasbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.10．Ihavelivedinthiscityallmylife.11．Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.12．Nosoonerhadwearrivedthanitstartedtorain.13．Hewaswritinganessaythistimeyesterday.14．Iwillbevisitingmybrotherthisafternoon.15．IwaswatchingTVwhensheentered.16．Thestudentswillbeplantingtreesat8o'clocktomorrow.[共性呈现]1．动作发生的时间是由动词的变化来体现的，画线部分均为谓语部分。2．句1、3、6、10均为现在完成时，由have/has＋done构成。3．句2、4、11、12均为过去完成时，由had＋done构成。4．句5、8均为过去将来时，由woulddo/was/weregoingtodo构成。5．句7、9均为现在完成进行时，由have/has＋been＋doing构成。6．句13、15均为过去进行时，由was/were＋doing构成。7．句14、16均为将来进行时，由will＋be＋doing构成。[语法精释]1．过去进行时(1)构成：was/were＋现在分词(2)基本用法①表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。Hewasplayingtabletennisatfiveyesterdayafternoon.他昨天下午5点正在玩乒乓球。②与forever，continually，always，constantly，frequently等连用，表示过去反复出现的习惯性动作或强调赞赏、厌恶、生气、好奇等感情色彩。Hewasalwayschanginghismind.他老是改变主意。③表示婉转语气，用于want，hope，wonder，think等动词，表示有礼貌的请求。Iwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme?我想知道你是否能够帮助我？④按计划过去将要发生的动作或者即将发生的动作。常见动词有：go，e，leave，arrive，return，begin，do，die，lose等。FrankandJennyweregettingmarried?Ididn'tevenknowtheyweregoingtogether.弗兰克和珍妮要结婚了？我甚至不知道他们在一起了。[即学即练1]单句语法填空①Jim________(watch)alatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.②We________(leave)veryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.③—DidyoucatchwhatIsaid?—Sorry.I________(answer)atextmessagejustnow.④I________(have)aneveningclassatthattimelastnight.⑤Dorothy________always________(speak)highlyofherroleintheplaylastyear.2．现在完成时(1)构成：have/has＋过去分词(2)基本用法①表示动作发生在说话之前，现在已经完成，结果对现在仍有影响。Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.Ithinkit'sgreat.我已经看过那部电影了。我认为它很棒。②表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在且有可能持续到将来。Hehaswritteneightbookssofar.到目前为止，他已经写了八本书。③在“最高级＋名词”或“This/Itisthefirst/second/...time”后的从句中用现在完成时。❶ThisisthebestteathatIhaveeverdrunk.这是我喝过的最好的茶。❷ThisisthefirsttimethatIhaveehere.这是我第一次来这里。(3)常连用的时间状语：already，yet，recently，lately，never，ever，sincethen，eversince，sofar，tillnow，uptonow，“since＋从句/时间点”“for＋时间段”“in/during/overthepast/last＋时间段”等。[即学即练2]单句语法填空①Ibegantoteachinthisschoolin1996.Thisyearis2011.SofarI________(teach)herefor15years.By2000,I________(teach)for4years.By2021,I________(teach)for25years.②ThisisthefirsttimethatI________(take)theflight.③Inthepasttwoyears,thestudentsinthemountainousareas________(make)greatprogressinEnglish.④ThisisthemostinterestingfilmI________(see)．⑤Pleasedon'tgetoffthebusuntilit________(stop)．3．过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中，其结构及用法如下：(1)would＋动词原形Shetoldusthatshewouldnotgowithus,ifitrained.她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。(2)was/weregoingto＋动词原形：常表示主观的计划打算。Hesaidthathewasgoingtoliveinthecountrywhenheretired.他说他退休后要住在农村。(3)was/were＋动词­ing形式：e，go，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。Nobodyknewwhethertheguestswereing.没人知道客人们是否要来。(4)was/were＋动词不定式①表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情。Thestudentsweretomeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.学生们明天在学校门口集合。②表示可能性、必要、责任、义务、禁止等。❶Hernecklacewasnotto(couldn't)befound.她的项链找不到了。❷ItwasreportedthatanotherbridgewastobebuiltacrosstheYangtzeRiver.据报道长江上将要再建一座大桥。(5)was/wereabouttodo：表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作，即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来，不能再加时间状语。Ifeltsomethingterriblewasabouttohappen.我觉得有可怕的事就要发生了。[即学即练3]单句语法填空①Ididn'tknowifhe________(e)．②Shewassixty­six.Inthreeyears,she________(be)sixty­nine.③Itseemedasifit________(rain)．④Hesaidthetrain________(leave)atsixthenextmorning.⑤Ididn'tknowwhenshe________(e),butwhenshecameI________(let)youknow.4．将来进行时(1)构成：willbe＋现在分词(2)基本用法①将来进行时最常见的用法：表示将来某一时刻正在进行或持续的动作，一般带时间状语。❶Iamthenewmanagerandyouwillbeworkingunderme.我是新任的经理，你们将在我手下工作。❷Wewillbeexploringdifferentapproachestogatheringinformation.我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。❸ThistimenextyearIwillbelyingonabeach.明年这个时候我正在躺在海滩上。❹Iwon'tbefreethisafternoon.Iwillbeseeingonefriendoff.我今天下午没空，我要为一个朋友送行。②将来进行时可以表示将来的计划、打算。❶Iwillbediscussingthesituationwithcolleaguestomorrow.明天我会和同事们讨论一下情况。❷Thebandwillbegoingontour.这个乐队将要进行巡回演出。特别注意：将来进行时与一般将来时的用法区别一般将来时强调的是“将来要发生”的动作和状态，而将来进行时表示“将来某个时刻正在进行或持续”的动作。注意以下两句的区别：Whatwillyoudotomorrow?明天你会做什么呢？Whatwillyoubedoingatnineo'clocktomorrow?明天九点钟你会在做什么呢？[即学即练4]完成句子①叫醒他！要不老师点名时他还在睡呢。Wakehimup!Otherwisehe________________________________________________________________________________________whentheteachercallstheroll.(sleep)②他明天这个时候会在剧院表演相声。He________________________cross­talk________________________atthetheatre.(perform)③省省吧！别叫我出去了。你知道我今晚会准备考试。Saveyourbreath!Stopaskingmeout.Youknow________________________________________________________________________________________tonight.(prepare)④当我到家的时候，我妻子可能会正在看电视。WhenIgethome,mywife________________________________________________________________________________.(watch)5．过去完成时(1)构成：had＋过去分词(2)基本用法①表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生、完成的动作或存在的状态。TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.在我到来之前，他们已经把一切准备好了。②intend，mean，hope，want，plan，expect，think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一件本来打算做而没有做的事。这种用法也可以表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，常含有某种惋惜之情。Hehadintendedtospeak,buttimedidn'tpermit.他本打算讲话的，但时间不允许。③过去完成时常用在有hardly/scarcely/barely...when...，nosooner...than等句型中，表示“一……就……”。或“This/That/Itwasthefirst/second/third/.../lasttime＋that从句”句型中，从句用过去完成时。❶Hehadhardlygonetobedwhenthebellrang.他刚刚睡下铃就响了。❷Itwasthefirsttimehehadlostthegame.这是他第一次输了比赛。[即学即练5]单句语法填空①Bytheendoflasttermwe________(finish)thisbook.②Nosooner________I________(arrive)homethanthetelephonerang.③I________(intend)toseeyoubutIwastoobusy.④YesterdayIhadaphonecallfromClint.Iwasverysurprised.I________(write)tohimmanytimesbuthehadneverrepliedtomyletters.⑤Itwasthethirdtimethathe________(be)toBeijing.6．现在完成进行时现在完成进行时是英语中动词的一种基本时态，其基本形式为：助动词(have/has)＋been＋动词的现在分词(延续性动词)。该时态表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者动作刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要持续下去，强调动作的持续和进行。常用时间状语有allday，allthismorning，alltheseyears，“for＋时间段”等。①表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的动作。Annisverytired.Shehasbeenworkinghard.安很累。她一直在努力工作。②表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的动作。Ithasbeenrainingfortwohours.已经下了两个小时的雨了。(现在还在下)③现在完成时强调动作行为的结果和影响，而现在完成进行时强调动作的持续和进行。❶Tom'shandsareverydirty.Hehasbeenrepairingthecar.汤姆的手很脏。他一直在修车。❷Thecarisgoingagainnow.Tomhasrepairedit.这辆车现在又可以行驶了。汤姆已经把它修好了。④有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。Theyhavebeenlivinginthiscityfortenyears.(＝Theyhavelivedinthiscityfortenyears.)他们已经在这个城市住了10年了。(动作还将继续下去)⑤大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。❶Ihavebeenwritingabook.我一直在写一本书。(动作还将继续下去)❷Ihavewrittenabook.我已经写了一本书。(动作已经完成)[即学即练6]单句语法填空①I________(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.②Mysister________(stay)inBeijingforthreemonths.Sheplanstostayforanothertwomonths.③Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe________(play)inthemudallthemorning.④Lily________(cry)foranhour.Whenonearthwillshestop?⑤Hereheis!We________(wait)anxiouslyforhimsincelastnight.⑥Sofarthisyearwe________(see)afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.⑦CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe________(study)Englishforayear.单句语法填空A词汇句式专练1．Inaddition________savingmoney,cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoreeco­friendlyoption.2．Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthormadeuphismind________(run)．3．Wecan'tputoff________(buy)anewprinterforourpany.Theonewehavedoesn'twork.4．Mammals________(weigh)sixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm3.5．What________theytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?6．Youmustkeepthesepoints________mindwhilesettingyourgoals.B语法专练1．Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you'llfindprobablyasolutionthat________(suit)everyone.2．Inthemid­1990s,TomBissell________(teach)EnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.3．Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand________(remain)aroundthatleveleversince.4．Byabout6,000BC,people________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.5．—Youareagreatswimmer.—Thanks.It'sbecauseI________(practise)alotthesedays.6．I________(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.7．Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers________(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.8．China'simage________(improve)steadily,withmorecountriesrecognizingitsroleininternationalaffairs.9．Susanhadquitherwell­paidjoband________(work)asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.10．Theywerenots