环境管理英语单词

environment环境environmental环境的environmentalscience环境科学environmentalengineering环境工程environmentalmanagement环境管理environmentalissue环境议题environmentalconcern环境忧虑environmentalproblem环境问题environmentalprotection环境保护environmentalmovement环境运动environmentalist环境主义者environmentalism环境主义.pollution污染pollute(v)污染(动)pollutant污染物polluter污染者contamination污染contaminate(v)污染contaminant污染物contaminator污染者sustainable可持续的sustainabledevelopment可持续发展sustainability可持续性sustain(v)持续(动)naturalresources自然资源biodiversity生物多样性ecosystem生态系统agroecosystem农业生态系统naturalecosystem自然生态系统domesticatedecosystem人类驯化生态系统ecology生态学ecological生态学的wilderness荒野ecosphere生物圈timber木材ranch大农场livestock家畜graze(v)吃草(动)municipal市政的conserve(v)保护(动)coniferous针叶林的canal运河biodynamic生物驱动predator捕食者bioaccumulate(v)生物积累(动)petrochemical石油化工产品microcosm微宇宙tributary支流footprint印迹vegetation植被politics政治philosophy哲学socialorganization社会组织traditionalscience传统科学societalvalue社会价值politicalawareness政治意识politicaljurisdiction政治权限politicalfriction政治摩擦economicadvantages经济优势follow-up跟进wildness荒野漫无边际的荒野boundlesswildnessTheEarthDay地球日发起地球日活动tolaunchtheactivityoftheEarthDayTheEarthSummit地球峰会以前被称作为UNCED的地球峰会TheEarthDayformallyknownastheUNCED4.RachelCarson雷切尔.卡森像雷切尔卡森这样的杰出科学家thedistinguishedscientistlikeRachelCarsongreenhousegases温室气体.温室气体排放emissionofgreenhousegasesglobalwarming全球变暖全球变暖相关问题issueslinkedtoglobalwarminggreenhouseeffect温室效应温室效应的严重后果seriousconsequencesofgreenhouseeffectclimatechange气候变化周期性的气候变化periodicalclimatechangeTheKyotoProtocol京都议定书.京都议定书协议agreementsoftheKyotoProtocolTheGreatLakes五大湖五大湖的边界boundariesoftheGreatLakesChesapeakeBay切萨彼克湾切萨彼克湾实验基地theexperimentalbaseofChesapeakeBaymetropolitancomplex大城市群.渤海湾大城市群themetropolitancomplexinBohaiGulfabandonedindustrialsites废弃的工业场地无数的废弃工业场地countlessabandonedindustrialsitesgrassland草地广袤无垠的草地thevastgrasslandforest森林茂盛的森林theexubriantforestfarmland农场美国中西部农场themidwesternfarmlandsintheU.S.coniferousforest针叶林针叶林主导植被dominantvegetationofconiferousforestdeciduousforest落叶林稀疏的落叶林sparsedeciduousforesttropicalrainforest热带雨林南美热带雨林tropicalrainforestinSouthAmericatemperateforest温带森林从未砍伐的温带森林theuncuttemperateforest21.floodplain洪水平原洪水平原的大规模丧失thegreatlossoffloodplain22.deltas三角洲三角洲污染物汇集pollutantconvergenceindeltas23.watershed水域密西西比河水域theMississippiRiverwatershed24.coralreef珊瑚礁珊瑚礁白化coralreefwhitening25.coastalareas沿海地带沿海地带发达地区thedevelopedplacesincoastalareas26.wetland湿地湿地栖息地thewetlandhabitat27.groundwater地下水地下水回填groundwaterrefilling28.drinkingwater饮用水含有化肥的饮用水thedrinkingwatercontainingfertilizers29.openspace空旷地带城市空旷地带缺失thelackofurbanopenspace30.ruralpeople农村人憨厚的农村人simpleandhonestruralpeople31.urbandwellers城市居民城市居民的高生活水准highlivingstandardofurbandwellers32.suburban郊区的郊区的快速城市化rapidsuburbanurbanizationerosion流失不可避免的流失inevitableerosionsoilerosion土壤流失众所周知的土壤流失thewell-knownsoilerosionerosive流失的流失的趋势erosivetendencyerode(v)流失(动)流失逐步升级toerodeincreasinglysilt淤泥堆积的淤泥piling-upsiltsiltation淤泥化令人困扰的淤泥化perplexingsiltationsiltup(v)淤泥堵塞(动)持续不断地淤泥堵塞tosiltupcontinuouslydredge(v)挖泥(动)高效率地挖泥todredgehighlyefficientlyaccidentalspill事故性撒漏难以预见的事故性撒漏unpredictableaccidentalspilltoxin毒素致命毒素lethaltoxintoxic有毒的有毒的化学试剂toxicchemicalreagentstoxicity毒性积累性毒性accumulativetoxicitytoxicology毒理学生态毒理学ecologicaltoxicologyfertilizer化肥氮肥nitrogenfertilizerspesticide杀虫剂含氯杀虫剂chlorinatedpesticideswatertable地下水位下降了

的地下水位theloweredwatertable49.irrigation灌溉灌溉管网irrigationpipelinesregionaleconomy区域经济区域经济滞后theretardationofregionaleconomylocaleconomy地区经济地区经济超前theleadoflocaleconomyworldeconomy世界经济世界经济衰退fallingworldeconomyglobaleconomy全球经济全球经济复苏recoveryofglobaleconomycoast海岸阳光海岸sunnycoast55.coastline海岸线蜿蜒曲折的海岸线windingcoastline56.agriculture农业农业机械agriculturemachinerylow-payingjobs低薪工作不屑一顾的低薪工作disdainedlow-payingjobsmunicipalservices市政服务逐步改进的市政服务graduallyimprovedmunicipalservicesTheMekongRiver湄公河越南境内的湄公河TheMeikongRiverinVienambarrierisland堤岛星罗棋布的堤岛widelyscatteredbarrierislandsexploitation开发exploit开发（动）exploitable可开发的exploitativeexploitable可开发的36.36.compound化合物36.36.compound化合物science科学scientificmethod科学方法observation观察questioning质疑hypothesis猜想hypotheses假说（复）experience经验matter物质energy能量Atom原子atomic原子的nucleus原子核nuclei原子核（复）hypothesize猜测（动）neutron中子12.12.hypothetical猜测性的.experiment实验proton质子electron电子molecule分子molecular分子的controlledexperiment控制实ion离子variable变量cation阳离子reproducibility重现性theory理论scientificlaw科学法则anion阴离子isotope同位素element元素48.48.catalyst催化剂1.latentheat潜热48.48.catalyst催化剂1.latentheat潜热mixture混合物catalyze催化（动）acid(base)酸acidic(basic)酸性的alkaline碱性的hydrogenion氢离子hydroxide氢氧根chemicalbond化学键chemicalreaction化学反应endothermic吸热的exothermic放热的activationenergy活化能catalysis催化catalytic催化的enzyme酶organic有机的inorganic无机的photosynthesis光合作用respiration呼吸fermentation发酵kineticenergy动能potentialenergy势能sensibleheat显热40.40.coevolution共进化40.40.coevolution共进化27.27.liquidize使液化（动）thermodynamic热动力的16.vaporize蒸汽化（动）vapor（vapour）（vapourer）vapor（vapour）（vapourer）蒸气thermodynamics热动力学combustion燃烧incineration焚烧burning燃烧的（高热的；燃烧）entropy熵enthalpy焓gas气体gaseous气体的gaseity气态gasify气化（动）gasification气化gasifiable可气化的vaporous（vaporific,vapourish,vapoury）蒸汽的solid固体solidify固化（动）（凝固；变硬；结晶）solidification固化solidity固态（硬度；稳健）solidifiable能凝固的liquid液体（液体的；流动的；不稳定的）liquify（liquefy）液化（动）liquifiable可液化的liquifier液化器liquefaction液化(作用)biotic生物的abiotic非生物的limitingfactor限制性因子rangeoftolerance耐受范围habitat栖息地inhabit(inhabitancy,inhabitant,inhabitation)栖息(动)habitual习惯的niche小生态naturalselection自然选择evolution进化evolutionary(evolutional)进化的speciation物种分化extinction灭绝predator捕食者predation捕食prey猎物competition竞争intraspecific种内的interspecific种间的symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的parasitism寄生parasite寄生虫parasitic寄生虫的32.32.denitrify反硝化（动）host宿主host宿主ectoparasite外寄生虫producer生产者endoparasite内寄生虫commensalism偏利共生mutualism互生herbivore食草动物herbivorous食草的carnivore食肉动物carnivorous食肉的omnivore杂食动物scavenger食腐动物decomposer分解者consumer消费者primaryconsumer初级消费者secondaryconsumer次级消费者trophiclevel营养级foodchain食物链foodweb食物网detritus食屑者biomass生物量nutrientcycle营养循环carbon碳nitrogen氮phosphorouscycle磷循环biogeochemicalcycle生物地质化学循环ammonia氨ammonium铵nitrite亚硝酸盐nitrate硝酸盐nitricoxide一氧化氮nitrogenmonoxide一氧化氮nitrogendioxide二氧化氮nitrousoxide一氧化二氮29.nitrify硝化（动）30.nitrification硝化31.nitrogenfixation固氮denitrification反硝化gene基因chromosome染色体keystonespecies关键物种seaurchin海胆seaotter海獭beaver海狸kelp海草41.algae海藻（复数）alga海藻moss苔藓gazelle瞪羚moose麋/驼鹿grasshopper蚱蜢hawk鹰eagle鹰49.falcon猎鹰/雌鹰/游隼50.meadowlark云雀/草地鹨（北美鸟）51.cuckoo杜鹃鸟/布谷鸟robin知更鸟earthworm蚯蚓berry浆果mushroom蘑菇asparagus芦笋rhubarb大黄lettuce莴苣broccoli椰菜/西兰花1.milkweed马利筋属植物beetle甲壳虫ladybirdbeetle（ladybird,ladybug）瓢虫aphid蚜虫5.toad蟾蜍/癞蛤蟆6.caterpillar毛虫tapeworm条虫flea跳蚤lice虱子mouse耗子11.mice老鼠（复数）squirrel松鼠bison野牛mosquito蚊子tick壁虱/扁虱orchid兰花acacia刺槐/洋槐alder桤木/落叶乔木19.aspen白杨/山杨elm榆树legume豆科植物bean蚕豆/豆clover三叶草/苜蓿属植物soybean黄豆41.41.mycorrhizal菌根的41.41.mycorrhizal菌根的53.53.hardwoodforest硬木林53.53.hardwoodforest硬木林corn玉米mammoth猛犸dandelion蒲公英bass鲈鱼carp鲤鱼catfish鲶鱼walleye鼓眼鱼bacterium细菌33.bacteria细菌（复数）34.fungus真菌35.fungi真菌（复数）virus病毒phage噬菌体mold霉菌mycorrhiza菌根donkey驴mule骡子succession演替successionalstage演替阶段primarysuccession初始演替secondarysuccession次生演替pioneercommunity先锋群落climaxcommunity顶级群落terrestrial陆地的aquatic水生的evergreenforest常绿林mycorrhizae菌根（复数）干草原perennialgrass多年生草本植物submergedplant沉水植物emergentplant挺水植物sedge蓑衣草cattail香蒲sphagnum泥炭藓bulrush芦苇/灯心草floatingmats水面漂浮席垫植物bog泥沼biome生物群落区coniferousforest针叶林deciduousforest落叶林grassland草地prairie大草原steppe西伯利亚无树大草原/savanna热带大草原desert沙漠tundra冻原/苔原permafrost永久冻原alpinetundra高山冻原taiga西伯利亚针叶林borealforest北部针叶林chaparral浓密常绿阔叶灌丛（美国加利福尼亚和墨西哥）Mediterranean地中海shrubland灌木丛TheSaharaDesert撒哈拉沙漠TheNorthPole北极TheSouthPole南极root根seed种子leaf叶stem茎canopy植冠nectar花蜜rodent啮齿动物rattlesnake响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴spider蜘蛛capybara水豚wildebeest角马hyena鬣狗/土狼caribou北美驯鹿antelope羚羊reindeer驯鹿deer鹿moth蛾wasp黄蜂ant蚂蚁badger獾weasel黄鼠狼mole鼹鼠opossum负鼠lemming旅鼠hare野兔waterfowl水禽woodpecker啄木鸟grouse松鸡turkey火鸡finch雀类birch桦树beech山毛榉hickory山核桃树maple枫树oak橡树spruce云杉fir枞树larch落叶松willow柳树balsa轻质木teakwood柚木ornamentalwood装饰木66.pelagic远洋的/深海的freshwaterecosystem淡水生态系统marineecosystem海洋生态系统plankton浮游生物phytoplankton浮游植物zooplankton浮游动物benthicecosystem底栖生态系统benthic底栖的abyssal深海的coralreef珊瑚礁mangrove红树estuary入海口/河口littoralzone滨海地带limneticzone湖沼地带euphoticzone有光区oligotrophic寡营养的eutrophic富营养的swamp树木沼泽marsh草地沼泽crayfish小龙虾/喇蛄clam蛤蚌crab螃蟹sponge海绵jellyfish海蜇/水母oyster牡蛎seaanemone白头翁/银莲花mackerel马鲛鱼tuna金枪鱼flounder比目鱼salmon鲑鱼/大马哈鱼natality出生率birthrate出生率mortality死亡率deathrate死亡率morbidity发病率survivorshipcurve存活曲线sexratio性别比agedistribution年龄分布monogamous一雌一雄的polygamous一雌多雄的/一雄多雌的sterile节育的nonsterile未节育的reproduce繁殖（动）39.divide分裂（动）germinate发芽（动）germination发芽fertilize受精（动）fertilization受精prereproductive育龄前的reproductive育龄的postreproductive育龄后的47.juvenile年幼的/青少年的adult成年mature成熟的premature未成熟的51.mate配对（动）lifespan寿命populationdensity人口密度populationsize人口littersize同胎生仔数maternalcare产妇护理/妇幼保健shelter避难所nestingsite孵化地dispersal分散/散布disperse分散（动）immigration移入emigration移居国外overcrowd过度拥挤bioticpotential生物潜能/繁殖本能male雄性female雌性parents父母offspring子代individual个体population群体lagphase迟滞期exponentialgrowthphase指数生长期logphase对数生长期stablephase稳定期equilibriumphase平衡生长期deathphase死亡期carryingcapacity承载力environmentalresistance环境阻力limitingfactor限制性因子K-strategistK-策略者r-strategistr-策略者endangeredspecies濒危物种threatenedspecies受威胁物种doublingtime倍增时间industrializedcountries工业化国家famine饥荒politicalunrest政治骚动politicalupheaval政治大乱politicalturmoil政治动乱groundwatermining地下水开采populationdensity人口密度vegetariandiet素食者饮食demography人口统计学replacementfertility替换出生率agedistribution年龄分布childbearingage怀孕年龄breastfeeding母乳喂养earlymarriage早婚pregnancy怀孕pregnant怀孕的nurse养育/护理（动）birthcontrol计划生育contraception避孕adulthood成年socialsecurity社会保障childcare儿童照管economicprosperity经济繁荣medicalcare医疗照管cashbonus现金奖励sterilization绝育abortion流产standardofliving生活水平livingstandard生活水平couple夫妇lifeexpectancy预期寿命disposalincome可支配收入purchasingpower购买力infant婴儿overnutrition营养过剩undernutrition营养不良overweight超重obese肥胖economicincentives经济刺激foreigndebt外债corruption腐败self-sufficient自足immigrant外来移民emigrant国外移居者caucasian白种人emergingeconomics新兴经济biodiversity生物多样性geneticdiversity遗传多样性speciesdiversity物种多样性ecosystemdiversity生态系统多样性populationsize人口数量reproduction繁殖sexualreproduction有性生殖asexualreproduction无性生殖breed繁衍（动）speciesrichness物种丰富度geneticcombination遗传组和mutation突变migration迁徙passengerpigeon信鸽carrierpigeon信鸽homingpigeon家鸽moa恐鸟zebramussel斑马贝topography地形patch小块土地ridge脊/岭rollingterrain起伏地势pollination授粉pollinator传粉者fishery渔业medicinalplant药用植物shoreline海岸线habitatloss栖息地丢失nativespecies原生物种exoticspecies外来物种alienspecies外来物种fragmentation碎片化scrubland灌木丛林地cropland庄稼地shoreland海岸地带rangeland牧场permanentpasture永久牧场/草场deforestation砍伐森林reforestation再森林化clear-cutting皆伐selectiveharvesting选择性收获plantationforestry种植/人工林业forage饲料mahogany红木eucalyptus桉树regrowth再生长desertification荒漠化subsistencefarming维持性耕作subsistenceagriculture维持性农业nomadicherder游牧牧民trawl拖网anchovy鳀鱼fishfarming渔业养殖aquaculture水产养殖geneticmakeup遗传组成chimpanzee黑猩猩gorilla大猩猩bushmeat野生动物肉rhinoceros犀牛ballastwater压舱水marsupial有袋动物52.lamprey七腮鳗/八日鳗smelt公鱼alewife大肚鲱goby虾虎鱼ruffe梅花鲈grizzlybear灰/黑熊exterminate灭绝（动）TheWorldConservationUnion世界保护联盟touristattraction旅游胜地scenicsite景点poacher偷猎者cover掩体sapling树苗gizzard肌胃/砂囊migratorybird候鸟landmass大地pike狗鱼cod鳕鱼bottomdweller底栖生物habitatmanagement栖息地管理bluegill翻车鱼/蓝腮land-use土地使用landscape地势urbanplanning城市规划waterfront滨水区tenement经济公寓outskirt远郊suburban郊区的realestate房地产shoppingcenter购物中心congestion拥堵decentralize去中心化（动）utilityservice公用事业zoningordinance区域划分条例housingtract居民区urbansprawl城市扩张tractdevelopment片区发展ribbonsprawl带型扩张publictransport公共运输landowner土地拥有者historicbuilding历史建筑battlefield战场openspace空地municipality市政府naturecenter自然中心27.brownfield废弃的工业场地rancher大牧场主TheForestService林业管理局geopolitics地缘政治学TheColdWar冷战democracy民主centralgovernment中央政府localgovernment地方政府privateinstitution私人机构privatesector私有部门civilsociety公民社会technologicalinnovation技术革新deregulation放松管制publicpolicy公共政策governance统治/管制advocacy